Traditional sets versus rest-redistribution: a laboratory-controlled study of a specific cluster set configuration at fast and slow velocities

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Tufano ◽  
Dan Omcirk ◽  
Jan Malecek ◽  
Anna Pisz ◽  
Matej Halaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Muscle Oxygen ◽  
Specific Cluster

This study investigated redistributing long inter-set rest intervals into shorter but more frequent intervals at 2 different concentric velocities. Resistance-trained men performed 4 randomised isokinetic unilateral knee extension protocols, 2 at 60°·s−1 and 2 at 360°·s−1. At each speed, subjects performed 40 repetitions with 285 s of rest using traditional sets (TS; 4 sets of 10 with 95 s of inter-set rest) and rest-redistribution (RR; 20 sets of 2 with 15 s inter-set rest). Before and at 2, 5, and 10 min after exercise, tensiomyography (TMG) and oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy; NIRS) were measured. NIRS was also measured during exercise, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after every 10 repetitions. At both speeds, RR displayed greater peak torque, total work, and power output during latter repetitions, but there were no differences between TS or RR when averaging all 40 repetitions. The RPE was less during RR at both speeds (p < 0.05). RR increased select muscle oxygen saturation and blood flow at both speeds. There were no effects of protocol on TMG, but effect sizes favoured a quicker recovery after RR. RR was likely beneficial in maintaining performance compared with the latter parts of TS sets and limiting perceived and peripheral fatigue. Novelty Although effective at slow velocities, rest-redistribution was likely more effective during high-velocity movements in this study. Rest-redistribution maintained the ability to produce force throughout an entire range of motion. Rest-redistribution reduced RPE during both high-velocity and high-force movements.

scholarly journals Impact of Rest-Redistribution on Fatigue During Maximal Eccentric Knee Extensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Justin J. Merrigan ◽  
Margaret T. Jones ◽  
Jan Padecky ◽  
Jan Malecek ◽  
Dan Omcirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Eccentric Actions ◽  
Rest Intervals

Abstract Redistributing long inter-set rest intervals into shorter but more frequent rest intervals generally maintains concentric performance, possibly due to improved energy store maintenance. However, eccentric actions require less energy than concentric actions, meaning that shorter but more frequent sets may not affect eccentric actions to the same degree as concentric actions. Considering the increased popularity of eccentric exercise, the current study evaluated the effects of redistributing long inter-set rest periods into shorter but more frequent rest periods during eccentric only knee extensions. Eleven resistance-trained men performed 40 isokinetic unilateral knee extensions at 60°·s−1 with 285 s of total rest using traditional sets (TS; 4 sets of 10 with 95 s inter-set rest) and rest-redistribution (RR; 20 sets of 2 with 15 s inter-set rest). Before and during exercise, muscle oxygenation was measured via near-infrared spectroscopy, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after every 10th repetition. There were no differences between protocols for peak torque (RR, 241.58±47.20 N; TS, 231.64±48.87 N; p=0.396) or total work (RR, 215.26±41.47 J; TS, 209.71±36.02 J; p=0.601), but moderate to large effect sizes existed in later repetitions (6,8,10) with greater peak torque during RR (d=0.66-1.19). For the entire session, RR had moderate effects on RPE (RR, 5.73±1.42; TS, 6.09±1.30; p=0.307; d=0.53) and large effects on oxygen saturation (RR, 5857.4±310.0; TS, 6495.8±273.8; p=0.002, d=2.13). Therefore, RR may maintain peak torque or total work during eccentric exercise, improve oxygen utilization at the muscle, and reduce the perceived effort.

scholarly journals The Preparation Period in Basketball: Training Load and Neuromuscular Adaptations

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ferioli ◽  
Andrea Bosio ◽  
Johann C. Bilsborough ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
Michele Tornaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Preparation Period

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the preparation period on neuromuscular characteristics of 12 professional (PRO) and 16 semiprofessional (SEMIPRO) basketball players and relationships between training-load indices and changes in neuromuscular physical performance. Methods: Before and after the preparation period, players underwent a countermovement jump (CMJ) test followed by a repeated change-of-direction (COD) test consisting of 4 levels with increasing intensities. The peripheral neuromuscular functions of the knee extensors (peak torque [PT]) were measured using electrical stimulations after each level (PT1, PT2, PT3, and PT4). Furthermore, PT Max (the highest value of PT) and PT Dec (PT decrement from PT Max to PT4) were calculated. Results: Trivial to small (effect size [ES] = −0.17 to 0.46) improvements were found in CMJ variables, regardless of competitive level. After the preparation period, peripheral fatigue induced by a COD test was similarly reduced in both PRO (PT Dec: from 27.8% [21.3%] to 11.4% [13.7%]; ES = −0.71; 90% confidence interval [CI], ±0.30) and SEMIPRO (PT Dec: from 26.1% [21.9%] to 10.2% [8.2%]; ES = −0.69; 90% CI, ±0.32). Moderate to large relationships were found between session rating of perceived exertion training load and changes in peak power output (PPO) measured during the CMJs (rs [90% confidence interval]: PPOabs, −.46 [±.26]; PPOrel, −.53 [±.23]) and in some PTs measured during the COD test (PT1, −.45 [±.26]; PT2, −.44 [±.26]; PT3, −.40 [±.27]; and PT Max, −.38 [±.28]). Conclusions: The preparation period induced minimal changes in the CMJ, while the ability to sustain repeated COD efforts was improved. Reaching high session rating of perceived exertion training loads might partially and negatively affect the ability to produce strength and power.

scholarly journals Effects Of Acute Metformin Intake On Physiological Parameters And Performance Before, During And After High-intensity Interval Training Of Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Silva Norberto ◽  
TARINE BOTTA DE ARRUDA ◽  
VITOR LUIS DE ANDRADE ◽  
JONATAS AUGUSTO CURSIOL ◽  
GUSTAVO GOMES DE ARAUJO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract BACKGROUND: Metformin has shown potential to improve metabolic efficiency in short-intense efforts, prolonged-continuous efforts and recovery after supramaximal effort (i.e., phosphocreatine resynthesis). Metformin administration may be beneficial for high-intensity interval training session. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute metformin administration effects on performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate, blood glucose and neuromuscular parameters related to a swimming series of high-intensity.METHODS: A double-blind, cross-over, randomized and placebo-controlled study was carried out. Seven healthy swimmers ingested MET (500mg) or placebo capsule on different days and performed a typical glycolytic session of high-intensity (i.e., lactate production objective). Bout time, RPE, neuromuscular parameters, blood lactate and glucose were analyzed. Cohen’s d analysis with inference based on magnitude was adopted (confidence interval set at 90%).RESULTS: There was an improvement in the performance of the second effort (72/28/0). Blood glucose during the series presented possible effects for decrease (96/3/1, 78/21/0, 93/6/1 after the 4th, 6th and 8th effort respectively) followed by a possible increase effect at the end of the series (1/6/93).Blood lactate showed a similar behavior of a possible decrease during the series (94/5/1, 60/40/0, 90/9/1 after the 4th, 6th and 8th effort respectively), followed by a possible increase effect at the end of the series (1/5/94). It was evidenced a possible increase effect on voluntary activation for lower limbs (91/8/1) without characterization of central and peripheral fatigue.CONCLUSION: Metformin alters physiological parameters during and after maximal intermittent efforts in swimming without enhancement on performance.

scholarly journals Acute Photobiomodulation Does Not Influence Specific High-Intensity and Intermittent Performance in Female Futsal Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7253
Author(s):  
Izabela Aparecida dos Santos ◽  
Marina de Paiva Lemos ◽  
Vitória Helena Maciel Coelho ◽  
Alessandro Moura Zagatto ◽  
Moacir Marocolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Physical Testing

The acute improvement of performance after photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been reported in different types of exercise. However, the effect on high-intensity and intermittent exercises that are relevant for team sports is unknown. Thus, we evaluated the effect of prior acute application of PBMT on high-intensity and intermittent exercise performance, muscle oxygenation, and physiological/perceptual indicators in amateur female futsal players. Thirteen players (24.1 ± 3.7 years) performed a testing battery (countermovement jump (CMJ), Illinois agility and YoYo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1)) preceded by 15 min of PBMT (1 min 30 s each muscular point; five muscular points in each lower limbs) or 15 min of placebo (SHAM), in a counterbalanced randomized cross-over design (one-week in-between PBMT/SHAM). All test performance did not differ (p > 0.05) between PBMT and SHAM, as well as blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, and muscle oxygenation (via near infrared spectroscopy) responses. The acute application of PBMT prior to a physical testing battery does not influence high-intensity and intermittent exercises performance, neither physiological nor perceptual responses in amateur female futsal players.

Effect of Caffeine Intake on Pain Perception During High-Intensity Exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Astorino ◽  
Michael N. Terzi ◽  
Daniel W. Roberson ◽  
Timothy R. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Leg Muscle

Caffeine has been shown to reduce leg-muscle pain during submaximal cycle ergometry, as well as in response to eccentric exercise. However, less is known about its analgesic properties during non-steadystate, high-intensity exercise. The primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of 2 doses of caffeine on leg pain and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise. Fifteen active men (age 26.4 ± 3.9 yr) completed 2 bouts of 40 repetitions of “all-out” knee extension and flexion of the dominant leg at a contraction velocity equal to 180°/s. Before each trial, subjects abstained from caffeine intake and intense exercise for 48 hr. Over 3 days separated by 48 hr, subjects ingested 1 of 3 treatments (5 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg of anhydrous caffeine or placebo) in a randomized, single-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design. Leg-muscle pain and RPE were assessed during and after exercise using established categorical scales. Across all treatments, pain perception was significantly increased (p < .05) during exercise, as well as from Bout 1 to 2, yet there was no effect (p > .05) of caffeine on pain perception or RPE. Various measures of muscle function were improved (p < .05) with a 5-mg/kg caffeine dose vs. the other treatments. In the 5-mg/kg trial, it is plausible that subjects were able to perform better with similar levels of pain perception and exertion.

scholarly journals Peripheral fatigue limits endurance exercise via a sensory feedback-mediated reduction in spinal motoneuronal output

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Amann ◽  
Massimo Venturelli ◽  
Stephen J. Ives ◽  
John McDaniel ◽  
Gwenael Layec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Afferent Feedback ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study sought to determine whether afferent feedback associated with peripheral muscle fatigue inhibits central motor drive (CMD) and thereby limits endurance exercise performance. On two separate days, eight men performed constant-load, single-leg knee extensor exercise to exhaustion (85% of peak power) with each leg (Leg1 and Leg2). On another day, the performance test was repeated with one leg (Leg1) and consecutively (within 10 s) with the other/contralateral leg (Leg2-post). Exercise-induced quadriceps fatigue was assessed by reductions in potentiated quadriceps twitch-force from pre- to postexercise (ΔQtw,pot) in response to supramaximal magnetic femoral nerve stimulation. The output from spinal motoneurons, estimated from quadriceps electromyography (iEMG), was used to reflect changes in CMD. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded during exercise. Time to exhaustion (∼9.3 min) and exercise-induced ΔQtw,pot (∼51%) were similar in Leg1 and Leg2 ( P > 0.5). In the consecutive leg trial, endurance performance of the first leg was similar to that observed during the initial trial (∼9.3 min; P = 0.8); however, time to exhaustion of the consecutively exercising contralateral leg (Leg2-post) was shorter than the initial Leg2 trial (4.7 ± 0.6 vs. 9.2 ± 0.4 min; P < 0.01). Additionally, ΔQtw,pot following Leg2-post was less than Leg2 (33 ± 3 vs 52 ± 3%; P < 0.01). Although the slope of iEMG was similar during Leg2 and Leg2-post, end-exercise iEMG following Leg2-post was 26% lower compared with Leg2 ( P < 0.05). Despite a similar rate of rise, RPE was consistently ∼28% higher throughout Leg2-post vs. Leg2 ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that peripheral fatigue and associated afferent feedback limits the development of peripheral fatigue and compromises endurance exercise performance by inhibiting CMD.

scholarly journals Variability in Submaximal Self-Paced Exercise Bouts of Different Intensity and Duration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ciaran O’Grady ◽  
Louis Passfield ◽  
James G. Hopker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Competitive Cyclists

Purpose: Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) as a training-intensity prescription has been extensively used by athletes and coaches. However, individual variability in the physiological response to exercise prescribed using RPE has not been investigated. Methods: Twenty well-trained competitive cyclists (male = 18, female = 2, maximum oxygen consumption =55.07 [11.06] mL·kg−1·min−1) completed 3 exercise trials each consisting of 9 randomized self-paced exercise bouts of either 1, 4, or 8 minutes at RPEs of 9, 13, and 17. Within-athlete variability (WAV) and between-athletes variability (BAV) in power and physiological responses were calculated using the coefficient of variation. Total variability was calculated as the ratio of WAV to BAV. Results: Increased RPEs were associated with higher power, heart rate, work, volume of expired oxygen (VO2), volume of expired carbon dioxide (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE), deoxyhemoglobin (ΔHHb) (P < .001), and lower tissue saturation index (ΔTSI%) and ΔO2Hb (oxyhaemoglobin; P < .001). At an RPE of 9, shorter durations resulted in lower VO2 (P < .05) and decreased ΔTSI%, and the ΔHHb increased as the duration increased (P < .05). At an RPE of 13, shorter durations resulted in lower VO2, VE, and percentage of maximum oxygen consumption (P < .001), as well as higher power, heart rate, ΔHHb (P < .001), and ΔTSI% (P < .05). At an RPE of 17, power (P < .001) and ΔTSI% (P < .05) increased as duration decreased. As intensity and duration increased, WAV and BAV in power, work, heart rate, VO2, VCO2, and VE decreased, and WAV and BAV in near-infrared spectroscopy increased. Conclusions: Self-paced intensity prescriptions of high effort and long duration result in the greatest consistency on both a within- and between-athletes basis.

scholarly journals The Physiological and Perceptual Effects of Stochastic Simulated Rugby League Match Play

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Thomas Mullen ◽  
Craig Twist ◽  
Jamie Highton
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Cognitive Responses

Purpose: To examine responses to a simulated rugby league protocol designed to include more stochastic commands, and therefore require greater vigilance, than traditional team-sport simulation protocols. Methods: Eleven male university rugby players completed 2 trials (randomized and control [CON]) of a rugby league movement simulation protocol, separated by 7 to 10 d. The CON trial consisted of 48 repeated ∼115-s cycles of activity. The stochastic simulation (STOCH) was matched for the number and types of activity performed every 5.45 min in CON but included no repeated cycles of activity. Movement using GPS, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and Stroop test performance was assessed throughout. Maximum voluntary contraction peak torque, voluntary activation (in percentage), and global task load were assessed after exercise. Results: The mean mental demand of STOCH was higher than CON (effect size [ES] = 0.56; ±0.69). Mean sprint speed was higher in STOCH (22.5 [1.4] vs 21.6 [1.6] km·h−1, ES = 0.50; ±0.55), which was accompanied by a higher rating of perceived exertion (14.3 [1.0] vs 13.0 [1.4], ES = 0.87; ±0.67) and a greater number of errors in the Stroop test (10.3 [2.5] vs 9.3 [1.4] errors; ES = 0.65; ±0.83). Maximum voluntary contraction peak torque (CON = −48.4 [31.6] N·m and STOCH = −39.6 [36.6] N·m) and voluntary activation (CON = −8.3% [4.8%] and STOCH = −6.0% [4.1%]) was similarly reduced in both trials. Conclusions: Providing more stochastic commands, which requires greater vigilance, might alter performance and associated physiological, perceptual, and cognitive responses to team-sport simulations.

scholarly journals Low-load high-velocity resistance exercises improve strength and functional capacity in diabetic patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Celes ◽  
Martim Bottaro ◽  
Eduardo Cadore ◽  
Jane Dullius ◽  
Fabiano Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Resistance Exercises

This study investigated the effects of low-load high-velocity resistance exercises on neuromuscular and functional outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) during the early-phase of resistance training. Thirty participants with T2D performed 18 training sessions (6 weeks – 3x week) in one of two groups: low-load high-velocity exercises (LLHV, n=15, 62.1±10.5 years) or recreational activities (RA, n=15 56.7 ± 19.4 years). LLHV performed resistance exercises with 3x 8reps as fast as possible with 50-60% 1RM. RA performed light activities. Strength, power, and functional tests were assessed. There was significant increasing in the knee extension peak-torque at 60º/s (7.6%) and 180º/s (12.2%), rate of force development in the LLHV group (P&lt;0.05), whereas there were no changes in the RA group. Significant increases in functional test were observed in the LLHV group (P&lt;0.01) with no changes in the RA group. In conclusion, the LLHV induced marked improvements in neuromuscular parameters, as well as in the functional capacity of participants with T2D.

Effects of induced local ischemia during a 4-km cycling time trial on neuromuscular fatigue development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael de Almeida Azevedo ◽  
Ramon Cruz ◽  
Julio Satoshi Hasegawa ◽  
Arthur Fernandes Gáspari ◽  
Mara Patrícia T. Chacon-Mikahil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Neuromuscular Fatigue ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Local Ischemia ◽  
Cycling Time

The present study analyzed the effects of local ischemia during endurance exercise on neuromuscular fatigue (NMF). Nine cyclists performed, in a counterbalanced order, two separate 4-km cycling time trials (TT) with (ISCH) or without (CONTR) induced local ischemia. NMF was characterized by using isometric maximal voluntary contractions (IMVC), while central [voluntary activation (VA)] and peripheral fatigue [peak torque of potentiated twitch (TwPt)] of knee extensors were evaluated using electrically-evoked contractions performed before (PRE) and 1 min after (POST) the TT. Electromyographic activity (EMG), power output (PO), oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also recorded. The decrease in IMVC (-15±9% vs -10±8 %, P=0.66), VA (-4±3% vs -3±3%, P=0.46), and TwPt (-16±7% vs -19±14%, P=0.67) were similar in ISCH and CONTR. Endurance performance was drastically reduced in ISCH condition (512±29 s) compared to CONTR (386±17 s) (P<0.001), which was accompanied by lower EMG, PO, and V̇O2 responses (all P<0.05). RPE was greater in ISCH compared to CONTR (P < 0.05), but the rate of change was similar throughout the TT (0.016±0.005 and 0.020±0.006 RPE·s-1, respectively; P>0.05). These results indicate that similar end-exercise NMF levels were accompanied by impaired endurance performance in ISCH compared to CONTR. These novel findings suggest that the local reduced oxygen availability affected the afferent feedback signals to the central nervous system, ultimately increasing perceived effort and reducing muscle activity and exercise intensity in order to avoid surpassing a sensory tolerance limit before the finish line.

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