Combined effects of disease and competition on plant fitness

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-654
Author(s):  
Johanne Brunet ◽  
Christopher Mundt
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
Intergenotypic Competition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Wheat genotypes susceptible to different races of a pathogen, Puccinia striiformis, were planted in pure stands and in three different 1:1 mixtures, in both the presence and absence of disease, in two sites, and over 3 years. Using analyses of variance, we tested whether disease and intergenotypic competition influenced a genotype's fitness and whether significant interactions existed between the effects of disease and competition on genotype fitness. Seed weight, number of inflorescences per seed planted, seeds per inflorescence, and absolute fitness were estimated for each genotype in each treatment. Absolute fitness was determined as the number of seeds collected per seed planted. Disease reduced seed weight. The other fitness measures were influenced by either disease or competition, and the impact of each factor often varied among site-year combinations. In general, interactions between the effects of disease and competition on genotype fitness were not significant. The few significant interactions indicated a less than additive effect of competition and disease on genotype fitness. The overall lack of interaction may be, in part, due to lesser disease levels in mixed as compared with pure stands, or reduced level of competition under diseased conditions.Key words: pathogens, competition, plant fitness, stripe rust, wheat.

scholarly journals Production of Restorer Lines from Segregating Progenies of Brassica napus L. Having Good Agronomic Value

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-409
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Aminul Islam ◽  
F. M. Era ◽  
N. K. Aminul Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Restorer Line ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Plant Fertility ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Forty four testcross progenies obtained from crossing between five CMS and forty one candidate lines were evaluated both in field and laboratory condition to identify candidate restorer line(s). Nineteen testcross progenies were recorded as fully fertile with 100% plant fertility by counting the number of fertile plants from the total number of plants per lines. On the other hand from pollen fertility test, 11 testcross progenies [206A × 001(6), 9905A × 030(2), 9905A × 027(6) (0.57), 206A × 37(1) (0.68), 9904A × 027(4) (0.83), 248A × 020(6) (1.08), 248A × 018 (1.12), 248A × 022 (1.13), 248A × 017 (1.58), 248A × 038(2) (1.96) and 248A × 001(6) (2.02)] were found with 0-2.02% pollen sterility that could be mentioned as fertile or restorer lines for making hybrids. Agronomic performances were also satisfactory for these selected test cross progenies. The genotype 248A × 017 took the shortest time (30.00) for first flowering as well as ripening followed by 248A × 007(1). The highest number of pods per plant was observed in the testcross progeny 248A × 022 (649.59) and the highest number of seeds per pod (30.33) in 248A × 020(6). For seed weight per plant, 206A × 001(6) was recorded with maximum value (0.08g) while the lowest (23.33) number of seeds per plant was found in this progeny. In case of seed yield per plant, 248A × 022 gave the highest yield (30.30). The seed yield of the progenies 248A × 017 (23.49), 9905A × 027(6) (20.39), 248A × 001(6) (17.26), 9904A × 027(4) (17.02) and 248A × 038(2) (16.53) were also in the highest level.

Genetic studies in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Khajudparn ◽  
O. Poolsawat ◽  
P.A. Tantasawat
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Physiological Characters

To study the genetics of seven agronomic and physiological characters (total dry matter (TDM), number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, pod length and root length density) which were correlated with yield, eight crosses of mungbean were made, and the agronomic and physiological characters were evaluated in the six basic generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) of each cross. It was found that most characters including TDM, number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant and root length density showed additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects, except for 100-seed weight, number of seeds per pod and pod length. One hundred-seed weight and number of seeds per pod possessed only additive gene effects, while pod length was controlled by both additive and dominance gene effects. The duplicate epistasis revealed the presence of a large number of non-additive gene actions controlling TDM, number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant and root length density that may hinder the improvement of these characters, and confirmed that selection of these characters in later generations would be more feasible.

scholarly journals PLASTICITY AND STABILITY OF LEGUMINOUS CROPS ACCORDING TO ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS AND SELECTION INDICES

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-136
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Mazur ◽  
Olena Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The varieties of common beans were distinguished by the number of productive nodes,i.e. UD0302642 – 5.2 pcs., UD0302683 – 4.8 pcs., UD0303533 – 4.75 pcs. These regression coefficients were classified as highly plastic – (bi> 1). The highest indexes of the selection index (seed weight / number of beans per plant) were obtained from the common bean varieties, i.e. UD0300658 – 0.8, UD0302746 – 0.69, UD0302256 and UD0300565 – 0.62. These varieties belong to different genotypes in response to hydrothermal regime change. The highest indexes of selection index (seed weight / number of seeds per plant) provided varieties of common beans, which were characterized by high response to the improvement of hydrothermal regime, UD0300658 – 0.27, UD0300232 – 0.21 and UD0302256 – 0.2. The number of productive nodes is an important feature that determines the grain productivity of soybean varieties, the number of productive units determines the number of beans and seeds per plant. According to the number of productive nodes on the plant, soybean variety samples were distinguished, i.e. UD0202563 – 14.0 pcs., UD0200983 – 13.6 pcs., UD0202201 – 13.6 pcs., UD0202529 – 13.6 pcs. The high number of seeds on the plant, as well as the number of beans, provided varieties of soybeans, which were highly plastic in response to the improvement of the hydrothermal regime and conservative to change agrophone cultivation. The high-plastic varieties included UD0202201, UD0202563, UD0202566. Conservative agrophone replacement cultivation included UD0200983 and UD0202529. Higher grain productivity was provided by soybean varieties: UD0202566 – 5.6 g, UD0202201 – 5.5 g, UD0202557 – 5.4 g, UD0202529 – 5.4 g. These varieties according to the parameters of adaptability and stability were treated as highly plastic UD0202566, UD0202201, UD0202557, so with a conservative reaction to the change in cultivation agrophone – UD0202529.

scholarly journals Response of Some Soyabean Genotypes to Spraying with Potassium Silicate and Its effect on Yield and its Components, as Well as on Pod Worm Infestation Rate

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Nagat G. Abdallah ◽  
S. R. Nagib ◽  
Hoda E. A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Worm Infestation ◽  
Seed Index ◽  
Number Of Seeds

A field experiments were conducted at Mallawy Agric. station, (latitude of 28 N, longitude of 30 E and altitude of 49 m above sea level), El-Minia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive growing seasons (2019 /2020) to study the effect of different concentrations of potassium silicate (P.Si), 0,3,6 and 9cm3/L foliar spray, under four soyabean genotypes, i.e. Giza 111, Giza22, Line3(H3L119 selected from Giza82) and Line7(H4L130 selected from Giza83) on yield ,its attributes and seed chemical analysis as well as pod warm infestation. The results indicated that, in both seasons foliar spraying of potassium silicate had highly significant effect on all studied character except seed index (S.I.). The concentration (6 cm3/L.) gave the highest values of seed yield (S.Y./F.) at 31.8 and 31.2% in the two seasons, respectively, as compared to control, as well as decreased the pod worm infestation (P.W.%) by 64.85% average both seasons. In the other hand Giza 22 surpassed the other genotypes regarding most characters, also the interaction between potassium silicate and soyabean genotypes had significant effect for all studied traits in both seasons, except seed weight/plant(S.W.) in the first season, the best values for all traits were obtained by foliar spraying of potassium silicate(6 cm3/L.) with Giza 22, furthermore the interaction ships among seed yield and its attributes through simple correlation( r) and regression(b) analysis were evaluated. Regarding correlation coefficients the seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of seeds /plant (No.S/P), number of pods plant-1 (No.p/p), Seed weight/ plant and seed index A strong correlation of seed yield with these traits indicated that, simultaneous improvement of these traits is possible. These findings indicate that selection for each of number of seeds plant-1, number of pods plant-1, seed weight/ plant and 1000-seed weight would be accompanied by high yielding ability under such conditions. Also, the seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with quantity traits Protein percent, oil percent, chlorophyl a (chl,a) + b (chl,b) and carotin(crt.), using silicon may be involved in cell elongation and/or cell division. negative and significant correlations were observed between seed yield (ton/fed.) and each of Infestation pods (P.W.%) and seeds (S.W.%) with pod worm percent. Decrease in these traits will ultimately Increase the seed yield. Regression procedure indicated that 6cm3/L. of potassium silicate gave the highest yield and yield components and reduce the pod worm infestation.

Relation between berry weight, number of seeds per berry and 100-seed weight in potato inflorescences

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J.M. Almekinders ◽  
J.H. Neuteboom ◽  
P.C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

scholarly journals Effect of the Rootstock on Certain Fruit Characters of the Chironja

1969 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
Agripino Pérez ◽  
Ramón Bosque Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Fruit Characters ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Chironja trees grafted on native grapefruit, sour orange, and Cleopatra mandarine rootstock were planted on Alonso clay and Coto clay at Adjuntas and Isabela Substations, respectively. Only native grapefruit and sour orange rootstocks were compared at Isabela. The experiments were conducted for the purpose of determining the possible effect of the three rootstocks on fruit weight, peel weight, number of seeds and segments (carpels) per fruit, and refractometer readings of the fruit (Brix) harvested from the grafted chironja trees. The most important results obtained were: Trees at Adjuntas grafted on grapefruit rootstock yielded heavier chironja fruits in 1962 and 1963, and a heavier peel in 1963, than those grafted on sour orange or Cleopatra mandarine rootstocks. In 1962, peel weights of chironja fruits from trees grafted on sour orange exceeded those obtained from trees grafted on mandarine rootstock. Fruits from chironja trees at the Isabela experiment grafted on sour orange rootstock had a significantly higher Brix than those from trees grafted on grapefruit rootstock, but no significant differences occurred among the other characters studied. No significant differences were found between chironja fruits from trees grafted on any of the three rootstocks as far as number of seeds and segments (carpels) per fruit, suggesting that rootstock species does not affect these characters. These studies suggest in general that the fruit from chironja trees grafted on grapefruit rootstock is larger, but less sweet, than fruit from trees grafted on either sour orange or Cleopatra mandarine rootstocks.

scholarly journals Impact of insect pollinators on yields of Glycine max L. (Fabaceae) at Yaoundé (Cameroon) Douniaa, Clautin Ningatoloumb, Chantal Doukaa, Elono Azang Pierre Stephana, Amada Brahimc, Joseph Lebel Tamessea, Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouod

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Dounia ◽  
Clautin Ningatoloum ◽  
Chantal Doukaa ◽  
Elono Azang Pierre Stephan ◽  
Amada Brahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Seeds

To appreciate the impact of insect pollinators on the pod, seeds, and seed weight yields of Glycine max, the pollinating activities of flowering insects were studied in Yaoundé, during the two mild, rainy seasons in 2016 and 2017 (March-June). Observations were made on 45 to 20400 flowers per treatment. The flowers were subjected to different treatments: Free flowers (Treatment 1), bagged flowers (treatment 2), castrated and free flowers (treatment 3), and castrated and bagged flowers (treatment 4). Some (8695 and 3325) flowers of Glycine max (Fabaceae) were observed in 2016 and 2017, respectively, for the diversity and Frequency of insect visits. For results, 1527 visits of 13 insect species distributed in seven orders were recorded on G. max flowers. The most dominating Hymenoptera observed was Apis mellifera, with 40.20 % of the total insect visits. The highest number of insect pollinators harvested in the flowers of this Fabaceae was between 8h-9h. The studied insects have a positive impact on the yields of this plant. This positive impact of the pollinator insects on the yields was 26.29 %, 16.13 %, 15.02 and 4.45 % in fructification rate, number of seeds pod, the weight of seeds, and percentage of normal seeds respectively. The avoidance of pesticide treatment of plants during flowering could be a good management strategy to improve on plant yield.

Heritability estimates and correlations of agronomic characters in cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.)

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kheradnam ◽  
M. Niknejad
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

SummaryHeritability in the broad sense and correlations were determined for six agronomic traits in cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) using four parental and six F2 lines. Heritability values were found to be 75, 64, 47, 44, 35 and 15% for 100-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, yield per plant and number of branches per plant, respectively. All of the traits studied, except number of branches per plant, showed positive significant correlations with yield. It is concluded that, for yield improvement in cowpea, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod have selective value equal to seed yield per plant, whereas 100-seed weight and number of clusters per plant have less selective value and number of branches per plant has no selective value.

scholarly journals Variation of Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.) Traits Induced By Heat, Electric Shock and Mutagen Nitrous Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

This research was carried out to determine the impact of heat shock, electric shock and seeds in soaking nitrous acid mutagen solution on three cultivars of faba beans plant (Zaina, Aguadulce and Local) at the year 2012-2013. Factorial experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates were used. The results showed that heat shock lead to early plants of 50% in flowering and an increase in the number of branches/plant and the number of seeds/pod compared to other treatments, whereas the seeds soaked in nitrous acid mutagen solution gave the highest plant height, leaf area index, number of pods/plant, seed weight, seed yield kg/ha, and did not differ significantly with treatment of electric shock in the protein yield(kg/ha). Zaina cultivar was superior over other cultivars in early to 50% flowering, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant and seed weight, while gave the lowest value in plant height. Significant differences also observed for the interaction between cultivars and treatments. Zaina cultivar with heat shock treatment gave less number of days to 50% flowering, highest number of branches/plant and the number of seeds/pod, either when seeds soaked in nitrous acid mutagen solution given the highest plant height of plant, highest mean of seed weight, seed yield kg/ha and did not differ significantly with local variety in the number of pods/plant trait .

scholarly journals Soybean cultivar BR-16-AHAS tolerance to the herbicide imazapyr

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1031-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Aparecida Manabe Kiihl ◽  
Carlos Alberto Arrabal Arias
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the transgenic soybean BR-16-AHAS genetic constitution on the tolerance to the herbicide imazapyr. BR-16-AHAS was crossed with ten other genotypes. The experimental design was a complete randomized block, in a 2x12x3 factorial arrangement, with two sowing periods (winter and summer), twelve crossing groups and three plant positions (upper, mid and lower), with three replicates. The plants were treated with 100 g ha-1 a.i. of imazapyr at the V3/V4 stage. For each position of the plant (upper, mid and lower), the following variables were assessed: number of pods, number of seeds, seed weight, number of seeds per pod and the 100 seeds weight. The effect of the herbicide varied according to the more affected plant position (upper, mid and lower) of each genotype. The use of the same gene ahas of BR-16-AHAS, in various genotypes, results in materials with good tolerance to imazapyr; tolerance levels depend not only on the ahas gene, but also on the presence of other genes.

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