scholarly journals PLASTICITY AND STABILITY OF LEGUMINOUS CROPS ACCORDING TO ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS AND SELECTION INDICES

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-136
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Mazur ◽  
Olena Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The varieties of common beans were distinguished by the number of productive nodes,i.e. UD0302642 – 5.2 pcs., UD0302683 – 4.8 pcs., UD0303533 – 4.75 pcs. These regression coefficients were classified as highly plastic – (bi> 1). The highest indexes of the selection index (seed weight / number of beans per plant) were obtained from the common bean varieties, i.e. UD0300658 – 0.8, UD0302746 – 0.69, UD0302256 and UD0300565 – 0.62. These varieties belong to different genotypes in response to hydrothermal regime change. The highest indexes of selection index (seed weight / number of seeds per plant) provided varieties of common beans, which were characterized by high response to the improvement of hydrothermal regime, UD0300658 – 0.27, UD0300232 – 0.21 and UD0302256 – 0.2. The number of productive nodes is an important feature that determines the grain productivity of soybean varieties, the number of productive units determines the number of beans and seeds per plant. According to the number of productive nodes on the plant, soybean variety samples were distinguished, i.e. UD0202563 – 14.0 pcs., UD0200983 – 13.6 pcs., UD0202201 – 13.6 pcs., UD0202529 – 13.6 pcs. The high number of seeds on the plant, as well as the number of beans, provided varieties of soybeans, which were highly plastic in response to the improvement of the hydrothermal regime and conservative to change agrophone cultivation. The high-plastic varieties included UD0202201, UD0202563, UD0202566. Conservative agrophone replacement cultivation included UD0200983 and UD0202529. Higher grain productivity was provided by soybean varieties: UD0202566 – 5.6 g, UD0202201 – 5.5 g, UD0202557 – 5.4 g, UD0202529 – 5.4 g. These varieties according to the parameters of adaptability and stability were treated as highly plastic UD0202566, UD0202201, UD0202557, so with a conservative reaction to the change in cultivation agrophone – UD0202529.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF GRAIN PLANTS BY SELECTION INDICES

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Olena Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Index Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The highest selection index obtained from the genotypes of soybeans: UD0202557 – 0,21, UD0202566 – 0,21, UD0202468 – 0,21, UD0202529 – 0,21. It should be noted that these cultivars are different types in the parameters of ecological plasticity and stability. For varancau stability, all cultivars that were studied are stable, varansi stability maximum was close to zero. According to the results of variance analysis it was found that the formation of a selection index (weight of seeds/number of beans per plant) were more influenced by the year conditions, however, have a significant influence of varietal characteristics and interaction of varieties with haratine conditions years of research. The highest breeding index (seed weight per plant and number of seeds per plant) have provided varieties of soybean: UD0200773 – 0,14, UD0202201 – 0,14, UD0202566 – 0,14, UD0202468 – 0,14. Most of these genotypes belong to the highly plastic – UD0202201, UD0202566, UD0202468. Cultivars that have provided high breeding index (seed weight per plant and number of seeds per plant) was also characterized by high levels of agronomic stability of 99.9%. In addition, these cultivars had high homeostaticity and 1.4. At formation of indicators of the selection index (weight of seeds/number of seeds per plant) is more influenced by varietal characteristics, this is indicated by the results of mathematical processing of two-factor analysis of variance.The highest selection index weight of seeds/number of nodes on the plant were characterized by varieties of soybean : UD0202468 AND 0.43, UD0202557 AT 0.42, UD0202566 AT 0.42, UD0200773 – 0,41, UD0202201 – 0,41. These cultivars of soybean in response to the improvement of hydrothermal regime is treated as a highly plastic: UD0202201, UD0202557, as well as conservative. The highest rates of this selection index (number of seeds/number of productive nodes) obtained from the genotypes of soybeans: UD0202557 WAS 3.18, UD0202566 – 3,14, UD0202468 – 3.21 m. These cultivars for reaction to improve the hydrothermal regime relate to highly plastic (b1>1). The formation of this selection index is significantly influenced by the conditions of the year. Key words:cultivars of soybean, the parameters of adaptability and coefficient of plasticity, agronomic stability, varansi stability.

scholarly journals PLASTICITY AND STABILITY OF SOYBEAN ACCORDING TO SELECTION INDICES

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the parameters of plasticity and stability of breeding indices, will identify the best forms of soybeans for their targeted use in hybridization in the creation of new varieties. The highest indicators of the selection index (number of seeds / number of beans per plant) were obtained from cultivars: UD0202457 - 1.58; UD0202566 - 1.57; UD0202529 - 1.57; UD0202557 - 1.55. These cultivars in response to the hydrothermal regime were highly plastic (bi> 1) in response to improved cultivation background. It should be noted that these varieties provided a fairly high level of homeostatic, namely UD0202457 - 0.71; UD0202566 - 0.61; UD0202529 - 0.63. the coefficient of variation was low - (V <10%), and the coefficient of agronomic stability was high - 97.8 and 97.4 and 97.5%. We established a correlation between the coefficient of plasticity and the selection index (number of seeds / number of beans per plant), where the correlation coefficient r = 0.491, which indicates the average strength of the correlation. That is, these varieties, despite the low absolute value of the selection index provided a stable implementation of quantitative variability, which is less dependent on the hydrothermal regime of years of research. According to the selection index (number of beans per plant / number of productive nodes) soybean cultivars were distinguished: UD0202557 - 2.06; UD0200773 and UD0202468 - 2.05, these varieties were highly plastic (bi> 1) in response to changes in hydrothermal growing conditions. The stability variance (Si2) in these soybean cultivars is as close as possible to zero. The coefficients of agronomic stability were also high, which varied from 92.8 to 94.9%. However, the highest indicators of homeostaticity were provided by soybean cultivars, which were characterized by a low response to changes in the growing cultivation background (bi <0): UD0200983 - 0.72; UD0202529 - 0.71; UD0202457 - 0.59 and UD0202563 - 0.74. These cultivars were characterized by the lowest coefficients of variation, which varied from 2.7 to 3.4% and the highest coefficients of agronomic stability from 96.6 to 97.3%.

scholarly journals Variability and correlations of economically valuable traits in cowpea from the VIR collection in the environments of Astrakhan provincer

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
M. V. Gurkina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Background. The problem of a deficit in vegetable protein and the need to diversify agricultural produce require involvement of new and little-known crops, such as cowpea, in the production. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a high-protein leguminous crop; its breeding and production have been intensified in Russia only in recent years. The study of the VIR collection, carried out at the Institute’s branch in Astrakhan, makes it possible to disclose the crop’s breeding potential. Objective: Studying the range of variability and tracing the relationships of economically valuable traits in vegetable (green pod) cowpea under the conditions of Astrakhan Province.Materials and methods. In 2008‑2010, a study was implemented at an experiment plot of the Astrakhan branch of VIR. Thirty- three accessions of green pod cowpea from the VIR collection were studied to analyze the variability of 12 phenotypic traits. Positive and negative correlations were identified between the following characters: interphase periods (flowering, industrial ripeness and seed maturation), shape of the shrub, lengths of the stem and to the first pod, length and weight of the pod, number of seeds per pod, presence of a parchment layer and fiber in pod valves, pod yield per plant, number of pods and peduncles, seed weight per plant, and weight of 1000 seeds.Results and conclusion. Medium variability was observed for such characters as the interphase periods ‘shoots–industrial ripeness’ and ‘shoots– seed maturation’, number of seeds per pod, and weight of 1000 seeds: the coefficient of variation (CV) was 15‑18%. High variation was registered for the length and weight of the pod (CV = 26‑32%), shrub shape, stem length, and length of the stem up to the first pod (CV = 35‑37%). The widest ranges of variability were demonstrated in the quantitative yield characters of cowpea accessions: number of pods per plant (CV = 33‑49%), number of flower stalks (CV = 38‑51%), and seed weight per plant (CV = 38‑44%), which means that cowpea yield is quite susceptible to weather conditions. During the three years of studying, the lowest levels of variability in economically valuable traits were characteristic of the accessions of the early-ripening group: k‑668 and k‑873 (China); mid- ripening group: k‑971 (India); and late-ripening group: k‑141 (China). Cowpea pod productivity depended to the greatest degree from mean values of the number of pods per plant (r = 0,73) and the number of peduncles (r = 0,71). The identified correlations in the productivity components make it possible to optimize the selection of accessions promising as source materials for the development of new high-yielding cultivars.

Genetic studies in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Khajudparn ◽  
O. Poolsawat ◽  
P.A. Tantasawat
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Physiological Characters

To study the genetics of seven agronomic and physiological characters (total dry matter (TDM), number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, pod length and root length density) which were correlated with yield, eight crosses of mungbean were made, and the agronomic and physiological characters were evaluated in the six basic generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) of each cross. It was found that most characters including TDM, number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant and root length density showed additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects, except for 100-seed weight, number of seeds per pod and pod length. One hundred-seed weight and number of seeds per pod possessed only additive gene effects, while pod length was controlled by both additive and dominance gene effects. The duplicate epistasis revealed the presence of a large number of non-additive gene actions controlling TDM, number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant and root length density that may hinder the improvement of these characters, and confirmed that selection of these characters in later generations would be more feasible.

Combined effects of disease and competition on plant fitness

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-654
Author(s):  
Johanne Brunet ◽  
Christopher Mundt
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
Intergenotypic Competition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Wheat genotypes susceptible to different races of a pathogen, Puccinia striiformis, were planted in pure stands and in three different 1:1 mixtures, in both the presence and absence of disease, in two sites, and over 3 years. Using analyses of variance, we tested whether disease and intergenotypic competition influenced a genotype's fitness and whether significant interactions existed between the effects of disease and competition on genotype fitness. Seed weight, number of inflorescences per seed planted, seeds per inflorescence, and absolute fitness were estimated for each genotype in each treatment. Absolute fitness was determined as the number of seeds collected per seed planted. Disease reduced seed weight. The other fitness measures were influenced by either disease or competition, and the impact of each factor often varied among site-year combinations. In general, interactions between the effects of disease and competition on genotype fitness were not significant. The few significant interactions indicated a less than additive effect of competition and disease on genotype fitness. The overall lack of interaction may be, in part, due to lesser disease levels in mixed as compared with pure stands, or reduced level of competition under diseased conditions.Key words: pathogens, competition, plant fitness, stripe rust, wheat.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Ugandan rice varieties grown in the Rostov region

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
E. V. Krasnova ◽  
A. V. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Rice is a valuable agricultural crop that is used as food for more than half of the world's population. The development of highly productive varieties and hybrids with high product quality assumes the utilization of new initial material from different countries in the breeding process. The purpose of the current research was to conduct an ecological testing of the rice varieties from Uganda in the Proletarsky district of the Rostov region in Russia and use them in the breeding process. There were studied the Ugandan rice samples ‘Nerica 1’, ‘Nerica 4’, ‘Komboka’, ‘Wita 9’, ‘Namche 1’, ‘Namche 2’, ‘Namche 3’, ‘Namche 4’, ‘Namche 5’, ‘Namche 6’ (NaCRRI) in comparison with the Russian variety ‘Komandor’ (FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”). The study of the Ugandan rice varieties according to a number of economically valuable traits and biological properties showed that the vegetation period from soil flooding to rice maturing took 100–113 days, the standard variety ‘Komandor’ needed 83 days. The varieties ‘Komboka’ and ‘Wita 9’ did not bear blossom. All samples had a short habit, with 63-95 cm of plant height. The long drooping panicles of 18.5–22.3 cm carried from 122 to 213 seeds. The caryopses were elongated, the length of the caryopses varied from 9.0 to 9.5 mm, and the width ranged from 2.7 to 3.1 mm. 1000 seed weight varied from 26 to 34 g, number of seeds per panicle ranged from 122 to 213 pieces. Genetic analysis of the second generation hybrids ‘Kontakt × Nerica 1’ and ‘Boyarin × Nerica 4’ showed different types of traits’ inheritance, from negative dominance (vegetation period) through the absence of dominance (caryopses size) to overdominance (plant height, seed weight per panicle and number of seeds per panicle).

Relation between berry weight, number of seeds per berry and 100-seed weight in potato inflorescences

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J.M. Almekinders ◽  
J.H. Neuteboom ◽  
P.C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

scholarly journals Variability and Genetic Divergence in Vegetable Cowpea Germplasm of Goa

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Thangam M ◽  
Ramachandrudu K ◽  
Ashok Kumar J ◽  
Safeena S A ◽  
Priya Devi S
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Pole Type ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Vegetable cowpea or Yard long bean [Vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalis L. (Walp)] is a warm season leguminous crops grown especially for vegetable purpose along the west coast of India. In Goa, pole type varieties are preferred over bushy types as they offer multiple harvests with comparatively longer pods. There is wide variability found for different morphological and other traits in the local types cultivated in the state of Goa. Exploration of genetic variability in the available germplasm is a prerequisite for initiation of any successful breeding programme. Twenty nine genotypes of vegetable cowpea including three improved varieties collected from different parts of Goa state were evaluated for twelve quantitative characters including yield. High variability was observed for pod yield/plant, number of pods/plant and pod length. The high variability for pod yield per plant is apparent as the pod yield ranged from 315.25 to 2070.45 g/plant with an average of 827.48 g per plant. Pod yield depends on number of pods per plant, pod length and pod weight. Number of pods per plant ranged from 36.65 to 147.80. Pod weight depends on pod length, number of seeds per pod and hundred seeds weight. Wide variation was observed for all these characters in the present study. The GCV value was maximum for pod yield per plant (g) followed by pod weight (g) and number of pods per plant. Low values of GCV were observed for days to first flowering, days to first harvest and number of seeds per pod. In the present study, the twenty nine genotypes could be grouped into fourteen clusters based on genetic distance. High coefficient of variation was observed for pod yield per plant, pod weight, number of pods per plant and pod length indicating their significant contribution in determining the inter cluster distances.

Heritability estimates and correlations of agronomic characters in cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.)

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kheradnam ◽  
M. Niknejad
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

SummaryHeritability in the broad sense and correlations were determined for six agronomic traits in cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) using four parental and six F2 lines. Heritability values were found to be 75, 64, 47, 44, 35 and 15% for 100-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, yield per plant and number of branches per plant, respectively. All of the traits studied, except number of branches per plant, showed positive significant correlations with yield. It is concluded that, for yield improvement in cowpea, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod have selective value equal to seed yield per plant, whereas 100-seed weight and number of clusters per plant have less selective value and number of branches per plant has no selective value.

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