Colonization during early succession of restored freshwater marshes

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chev H Kellogg ◽  
Scott D Bridgham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Restored Wetlands ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Early Succession ◽  
Successional Development

Little is known about the importance of initial colonization in the successional development of restored wetlands. We compared plant communities of two lightly planted restorations (water levels restored + planted and seeded), three hydrologic restorations (water levels restored), and two undrained sites. Measurements typically used in monitoring (richness, diversity, aboveground biomass) indicated that 2–3 years after restoration, restored wetlands showed only small differences from the plant community structure of undrained wetlands in the saturated zone. In contrast, analysis of vegetation based on species composition indicated differences in vegetation communities among all wetland types. Plant communities of planted restorations and reference sites were dominated by emergent species, while hydrologic restorations had a more variable plant community. These results indicate a small effect of initial planting and seeding at low densities and show that colonization is rapid during early succession of restored marshes. It was not clear whether either restoration method would eventually result in vegetation communities similar to reference sites. These results indicate that current monitoring periods of 3–5 years are insufficient to allow time for an accurate assessment of the successional development in each wetland.Key words: dispersal, germination, monitoring, plant biomass, plant community, wetland.

scholarly journals Plant Community and Rare or Exotic Species Distribution and Dynamics in Cedar Breaks National Monument

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
David Roberts ◽  
Catherine Jean
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Research Program ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Disturbance Response ◽  
Reference Areas ◽  
Successional Development ◽  
Succession Model

This research program incorporates four primary objectives: (1) develop a comprehensive vegetation classification for Cedar Breaks National Monument, and to map the current and potential vegetation for the monument; (2) develop a vital attributes succession model which depicts the successional development and disturbance response of plant communities in Cedar Breaks; (3) map the distribution of rare or exotic species in the monument, specifying the habitats and plant communities in which these plants occur; and (4) identify and map the distribution of undisturbed plant communities to serve as baseline reference areas.

scholarly journals Plant community composition, not diversity, regulates soil respiration in grasslands

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Johnson ◽  
Gareth K Phoenix ◽  
J. Philip Grime
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Plant Community Composition ◽  
Respiration Rates

Soil respiration is responsible for recycling considerable quantities of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere. There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that the richness of plants in a community can have significant impacts on ecosystem functioning, but the specific influences of plant species richness (SR), plant functional-type richness and plant community composition on soil respiration rates are unknown. Here we use 10-year-old model plant communities, comprising mature plants transplanted into natural non-sterile soil, to determine how the diversity and composition of plant communities influence soil respiration rates. Our analysis revealed that soil respiration was driven by plant community composition and that there was no significant effect of biodiversity at the three levels tested (SR, functional group and species per functional group). Above-ground plant biomass and root density were included in the analysis as covariates and found to have no effect on soil respiration. This finding is important, because it suggests that loss of particular species will have the greatest impact on soil respiration, rather than changes in biodiversity per se .

scholarly journals Comparing stability in random forest models to map Northern Great Plains plant communities in pastures occupied by prairie dogs using Pleiades imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292
Author(s):  
Jameson R. Brennan ◽  
Patricia S. Johnson ◽  
Niall P. Hanan
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Cynomys Ludovicianus ◽  
Prairie Dogs ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Prairie Dog ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) have been described as a keystone species and are important for grassland conservation, yet many concerns exist over the impact of prairie dogs on plant biomass production and consequently livestock production. The ability to map plant communities in pastures colonized by prairie dogs can provide land managers with an opportunity to optimize rangeland production while balancing conservation goals. The aim of this study was to test the ability of random forest (RF) models to classify five plant communities located on and off prairie dog towns in mixed-grass prairie landscapes of north central South Dakota, assess the stability of RF models among different years, and determine the utility of utilizing remote sensing techniques to identify prairie dog colony extent. During 2015 and 2016, Pleiades satellites were tasked to image the study site for a total of five monthly collections each summer (June–October). Training polygons were mapped in 2016 for the five plant communities and used to train RF models. Both the 2015 and 2016 RF models had low (1 %) out-of-bag error rates. However, comparisons between the predicted plant community maps using the 2015 imagery and one created with the 2016 imagery indicate over 32.9 % of pixels changed plant community class between 2015 and 2016. The results show that while RF models may predict with a high degree of accuracy, overlap of plant communities and interannual differences in rainfall may cause instability in fitted models. A final RF model combining both 2015 and 2016 data yielded the lowest error rates and was also highly accurate in determining prairie dog colony boundaries.

scholarly journals Placing plant-soil feedbacks in the context of plant community growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Grenzer ◽  
Andrew Kulmatiski ◽  
Leslie Forero ◽  
Anne Ebeling ◽  
Nico Eisenhauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Community Growth ◽  
Complementarity Effects ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

1. Plant-soil feedback (PSF) has gained attention as a mechanism promoting plant growth and coexistence. However, because most PSF research has measured monoculture growth in greenhouse conditions, field-based PSF experiments remain an important frontier for PSF research. 2. Using a four-year, factorial field experiment in Jena, Germany, we measured the growth of nine grassland species on soils conditioned by each of the target species (i.e., PSF). Plant community models were parameterized with or without these PSF effects, and model predictions were compared to plant biomass production in new and existing diversity-productivity experiments. 3. Plants created soils that changed subsequent plant biomass by 36%. However, because they were both positive and negative, the net PSF effect was 14% less growth on ‘home’ than ‘away’ soils. At the species level, seven of nine species realized non-neutral PSFs, but the two dominant species grew only 2% less on home than away soils. At the species*soil type level, 31 of 72 PSFs differed from zero. 4. In current and pre-existing diversity-productivity experiments, nine-species plant communities produced 37 to 29% more biomass than monocultures due primarily to selection effects. Null and PSF models predicted 29 to 28% more biomass for polycultures than monocultures, again due primarily to selection effects. 5. Synthesis: In field conditions, PSFs were large enough to be expected to cause roughly 14% overyielding due to complementarity, however, in plant communities overyielding was caused by selections effects, not complementarity effects. Further, large positive and large negative PSFs were associated with subdominant species, suggesting there may be selective pressure for plants to create neutral PSF. Broadly, results highlighted the importance of testing PSF effects in communities because there are several ways in which PSFs may be more or less important to plant growth in communities than suggested from simple PSF values.

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

(A review) Green Data Book of the Bryansk region: plant communities that are in need of protection / Ed. A. D. Bulokhov. Bryansk, 2012. 144 p.

2013 ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
L. G. Naumova ◽  
E. Z. Baisheva ◽  
V. B. Martynenko
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Data Book

Bryansk syntaxonomic center (Mirkin, Ermakov, 2010), which includes a group of researchers, students by prof. Bulahov A. D., characterized by high activity. Peer-reviewed monograph summarizes studies of the vegetation of the Bryansk region in the context of the choice of subject matter. In the text of the monograph a brief "Foreword", Chapter 2 theoretical and 3 parts, which is characterized by rare, reference and moss vegetation communities.

Classification of woody-shrub vegetation of the forest-steppe complex of Privolzhskaya Upland

2009 ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kudryavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Vegetation Classification ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mapping Data

Diversity of plant communities in the nature reserve “Privolzhskaya Forest-Steppe”, Ostrovtsovsky area, is analyzed on the basis of the large-scale vegetation mapping data from 2000. The plant community classi­fication based on the Russian ecologic-phytocoenotic approach is carried out. 12 plant formations and 21 associations are distinguished according to dominant species and a combination of ecologic-phytocoenotic groups of species. A list of vegetation classification units as well as the characteristics of theshrub and woody communities are given in this paper.

VEGETATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF KARST MIRES IN BROAD-LEAVED FOREST ZONE: METHODICAL APPROACHES, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"

2012 ◽  
pp. 524-537
Author(s):  
D.V. ZATSARINNAYA ◽  
E.M. VOLKOVA ◽  
A.A. SIRIN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Central European ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest ◽  
Floating Peat

Vegetation cover and environmental factors were studied in the system of karts mires in the broad- leaved forest zone in Tula Region, Central European Russia. Mires are formed in the sinkholes and characterized by rather low anthropogenic disturbances. These mires are characterised by floating peat mats and variety of vegetation communities which are differ by ecological conditions (water levels, acidity and nutrition). Development and growth of floating mats change water and mineral feeding that leads to succession of vegetation communities.

scholarly journals Responses and Indicators of Composition, Diversity, and Productivity of Plant Communities at Different Levels of Disturbance in a Wetland Ecosystem

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Tingting Duan ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Zhengjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Grazing Tolerance ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Different Levels

Grassland tourism is a very popular leisure activity in many parts of the world. However, the presence of people in these areas causes disturbance to the local environment and grassland resources. This study analyzes the composition, diversity, and productivity under different levels of disturbance of the plant communities in the Kangxi Grassland Tourist Area and the Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve of Beijing, China. It aims to identify indicators of plant communities and their responses to different levels of disturbance. Our analysis shows that the plant community density and coverage have a certain compensatory increase under disturbed conditions. With the increase in disturbances, more drought-tolerant species have appeared (increased by 5.7%), some of which have become the grazing-tolerance indicator species in the trampled grazed area (TGA). For plant community productivity, biomass and height are good indicators for distinguishing different disturbances (p < 0.05). In addition, several diversity indices reveal the change of plant communities from different perspectives (three of the four indices were significant at the p < 0.05 level). For soil parameters, soil water content and organic matter concentration help to indicate different disturbance levels (the former has a 64% change). Moreover, the standard deviation of the plant community and soil parameters is also a good indicator of their spatial variability and disturbance levels, especially for the TGA. Our analysis confirms that the indicators of productivity, diversity, and soil parameters can indicate the disturbance level in each subarea from different perspectives. However, under disturbed conditions, a comprehensive analysis of these indicators is needed before we can accurately understand the state of health of the plant community.

scholarly journals Shifts in soil and plant functional diversity along an altitudinal gradient in the French Alps

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Stokes ◽  
Guillermo Angeles ◽  
Fabien Anthelme ◽  
Eduardo Aranda-Delgado ◽  
Isabelle Barois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract Objectives Altitude integrates changes in environmental conditions that determine shifts in vegetation, including temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and edaphogenetic processes. In turn, vegetation alters soil biophysical properties through litter input, root growth, microbial and macrofaunal interactions. The belowground traits of plant communities modify soil processes in different ways, but it is not known how root traits influence soil biota at the community level. We collected data to investigate how elevation affects belowground community traits and soil microbial and faunal communities. This dataset comprises data from a temperate climate in France and a twin study was performed in a tropical zone in Mexico. Data description The paper describes soil physical and chemical properties, climatic variables, plant community composition and species abundance, plant community traits, soil microbial functional diversity and macrofaunal abundance and diversity. Data are provided for six elevations (1400–2400 m) ranging from montane forest to alpine prairie. We focused on soil biophysical properties beneath three dominant plant species that structure local vegetation. These data are useful for understanding how shifts in vegetation communities affect belowground processes, such as water infiltration, soil aggregation and carbon storage. Data will also help researchers understand how plant communities adjust to a changing climate/environment.

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