Struktur Sel Epidermis Dan Stomata Aegiceras corniculatum D dan Rhizophora apiculata pada Muara Sungai Desa Poka dan Desa Leahari

Research has been carried out to determine the cell structure of the epidermis and stomata in some mangrove plants in the species Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata. Descriptive method is used to describe the cell structure of the epidermis and stomata of Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata and quantitative leaves to calculate the number of stomata, number of epidermis and stomata index based on nail polish on the cross section of epidermal cells on the lower underside of the leaf using a light microscope, while the incision longitudinal to determine leaf thickness between the upper epidermis and the lower epidermis. The results showed that the two mangrove species that grow in the mouth of the Poka and Leahari villages namely Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata were found to have the same anatomical structure and leaf anatomical characteristics in terms of the shape of epidermal cells, rectangular, octagonal, elongated, and irregular. Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata have anomositic stomata type because neighboring cells surround the stomata and have the same shape as epidermal cells. Mangrove species in the river estuary of Poka Village have higher number of stomata and smaller epidermal size and lower stomata index than mangrove species in Leahari Village due to the influence of the shade. Keywords: Aegiceras corniculatum, Rhizophora apiculata, Epidermal cells,

Far Red and Red as Factors Forming Physiological Processes in Spring Barley under Controlled Conditions

Solar radiation is a very important energy source for life on Earth and especially for the proper growth and development of plants. Its spectral composition is necessary for a main physiological process in a plant’s life—photosynthesis. In practical agriculture, plants are cultivated in the stand, which causes neighboring plants not only to compete for water and nutrients but also for light. Living in such an environment, plants have developed different mechanisms for dealing with shading. An aim of the studies conducted here was to determine the effect of the red (R) and far red (FR) range of spectral composition on gas exchange and the other physiological features of spring barley plants. The experiment was conducted in two growth chambers with different spectral compositions of radiation. Spring barley was grown in Mitscherlich pots. The physiological features measured during the two barley developmental phases, i.e., seventh and flag leaves, differed depending on the R/FR ratio used in these chambers. Plants that grew under conditions of a high R/FR ratio showed a higher photosynthesis efficiency, intracellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration of water but lower values of the water use efficiency (WUE) index. The leaves of plants treated with this kind of light (higher R/FR ratio) had a greater stomata number and higher content of chlorophyll when compared to plants grown under conditions with a low R/FR ratio.

KARAKTERISASI STOMATA DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban.) PADA KETINGGIAN WILAYAH BERBEDA DI PULAU AMBON

The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical structure of pegagan leaves through stomata characterization at several different locations on Ambon Island. Survey method was used in this research. The sample was taken in nine villages were spread from lowlands to the highlands on Ambon Island. The procedure of semi-permanent preparations was done by whole mount method. Stomata characterization was done towards the stomata number, stomata density, and stomata index. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and performed in the form of table or figure. the research result shows that leaf with high stomata number was tend to high in stomata density and stomata index. Based on this research result, it could be conclude that there are no difference of stomatal structure of Pegagan leaves in all location were sample collected. The difference has shown by numbers, density, and stomatal index. The highest Numbers, density and stomatal index shown on Pegagan leaves in lowland, and the lowest that shown in this research on Pegagan leaves in highland

Resolving taxonomic problems in the genus Ceropegia L. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) with vegetative micromorphology

The genus Ceropegia L. of Family Apocynaceae, subfamily Asclepiadoideae comprises 213 accepted taxa distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, India, Australia and neighbouring regions. The taxa are mainly identified on the basis of flower morphology. A study was undertaken to reveal micromorphology of 26 taxa distributed in Western Ghats of India to solve the identity problems. The micromorphology is studied with standard microscopic methods in five replicates of each character and taxa to reveal the parameters, distribution of stomata, stomatal index, stomatal density, epidermal cell wall pattern and stomatal measurements. The data obtained was subjected to ANOVA to find out the experimental mean, standard deviation and standard error. A consensus phylogeny tree is constructed using the PAST on the basis of Jaccard similarity coefficient. Results of study revealed that, micro morphological characters, viz., type of stomata, number and characters of subsidiaries, anticlinal cell wall pattern, and stomatal index are very significant in delimitation of closely allied taxa. Beside ‘paracytic’ stomata, ‘tetracytic’, ‘isotricytic’, & ‘anomocytic’ stomatal types, and amphistomatic distribution are recorded for first time in Ceropegia. The taxa are separated easily from each other using vegetative micromorphology and can be identified even in absence of flowers. An identification key and phylogenetic tree is derived on the basis of vegetative micro-morphology and gross morphological characters.

KARAKTERISTIK STOMATA PADA POHON DI RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA KOTA PONTIANAK

The purpose of this study was to describe the stomata found in pulai, mahang, saga, white meranti and ketapang plants in the green space area. This study uses a descriptive method to describe stomatal characteristics such as stomatal type, stomata size and number of stomata in perennials, mahang, saga, ketapang and white meranti. The study was conducted in two green open areas, namely the Untara Sylva Arboretum and in the public green open area. Length of stomata observation for 2 weeks. Overall the results of the observations obtained 4 (four) types of stomata that are the same in the two regions. The types of stomata are anisocytic in Pulai (Alstonia scholaris), anomosytic in mahang (Macaranga pruinosa), parasitic in saga (Adenanthera pavonina), pickled on white meranti (Shorea bracteolata), anisocytic on ketapang (Terminalia cattapa). In the Sylva Arboretum area, Untan, plant origin has a stomata number of 15 with stomata size of 14.1 μm, stomatal hole 8.03 μm and neighboring cells 14.7 μm. In the green open space area of the plant, there were ketapang plants had 35 stomata with a stomata size of 16.03 μm, a stomata hole of 8.03 and a neighboring cell of 6.57. the stomata structure shows that the leaves found in the arboretum region have large stomata while the outside of the general green open space has a small stomata. Different conditions of light and temperature greatly influence the variation in numbers on the size of the stomata, stomatal holes and neighboring cells. The farther the distance between plants and crowded places the more the size of the stomata decreases.Keywords: green open space, number of stomata, stomatal types, trees

Leaf anatomy of valuable species of genus Primula

In this research, we discovered a number of structural adaptations and informative characteristics for the leaf blades of the studied species from the genus Primula L. The species under study were found to have anomocytic stomatal type. The leaf blades are hypostomatic (P. denticulata) or with the predominant abaxial stomata (P. macrocalyx, P. pallasii). The following indicators have low variation): size of stomata, number of cells in the upper and lower epidermis, height of cells in the upper mesophyll layer, lamina thickness near the midvein and central part, phloem cross-section area, and vascular bundle area. High and very high variation level is observed for the quantitative indicators describing the leaf indument density, number of stomata and stomatal index of the upper epidermis. The data obtained can be used to evaluate the species adaptability and to develop the appropriate light and hydrothermal regime for cultivating the species in the Western Siberia sub-boreal forest environment.

Effect of Indoleacetic Acid and Zinc Sulphate Application on Growth and Some Physiological Parameters of Cowpea (Vigna sinensis Savi) Plants

This study was conducted in Koya city, Iraq on cowpea (Vigna sinensis Savi) plants California black eye variety by factorial experiment including the effects of foliar spraying of Zinc Sulphate ZnSO4.7H2O (ZS) or the plant growth regulator Indoleacetic Acid C10H9NO2 (IAA). Analysis of data revealed that ZS and IAA application affects significantly on the studied traits. 100 ppm of IAA increased significantly the leaves content of each of chlorophylls a, b, and total, although it decreased the content of total carotenoids. The results showed that the leaf area significantly increased by increasing the amount of ZS to 2.0 g/L compare with other treatments except 1.0 g/L ZS application. Foliar application of IAA increased significantly the dry matter percent of shoots and roots as well as the number of nodules per plant. It has been found that leaves content of zinc is related to the concentration of ZS applied significantly compared to the control and IAA treatments, however, the application of IAA caused to decrease K and Zn contents in leaf of the plants compared to other treatments. Finally, based on the results the best ratio of IAA for increased stomata number on the abaxial and adaxial leaves surfaces was 75 ppm.

Impact of Air Pollution on Vegetation in Banja Luka

Atmospheric pollutants have a negative effect on the plants; they can have direct toxic effects, or indirectly by changing soil pH followed by solubilization of toxic salts of metals. Large number of studies have investigated the possible effects of ambient air pollution on vegetation and air pollution in stomata number and size and stomatal apparatus. The primary aim of this study was to impact air pollution from the aspect of presence SO2, NOX, CO2, O3 and PM10 on vegetation in the city of Banja Luka and stomatal response to air pollution, through a review of existing research.

Characterization of Stomatal Leaf of Herbal Plant Andredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis and Gratophyllum pictum (L.) Griff.

Research on the characterization of stromata leaves of herbal plants Andredera cordifolia and Gratophyllum pictum in Makassar. This study aims to determine the morphological structure of leaves and stomata leaves that are used as herbal plants. Stomata data was used by acetone to get stomata mold, the data were analyzed descriptively. The result of research show that Andredera cordifolia are anisocytic stomata type, 30 stomata/mm2 abaxial stomata, 512 epidermis/mm2 and 368 epidermis/mm2 abaxial, potato stomata spreading in both leaf surface, bigger abaxial stomata size 887,330 μm , longest abaxial stomata greater than 25 μm and 8.0% stomata index. Gratophyllum pictum type stomata diasistik, stomata number 292 stomata/mm2, number of epidermis adaxial 1400 epidermis/mm2 and abaxial 1080 epidermis/mm2, apple stomata spread, staple abaxial smaller size 682,560 μm, and stomata index 21,3%.