Evolution of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) imprinted by natural and human factorsThis review is one of a selection of papers presented at the symposium on Vitis at the XVII International Botanical Congress held in Vienna, Austria, in 2005.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 679-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bessis
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
Selection Of

This paper is concerned with vegetative reproduction, which is the only mode of propagation in cultivated grapevines. After a brief summary of the systematics of the Vitaceae the question of the nomenclature of cultivated grapevines is discussed. Intra-varietal variability is discussed using morphological and molecular characteristics. The origins of variation are presented: mutations, foreign nucleic acids, and memory of previous environmental conditions. Grapevines provide characteristic products, leading viticulturalists to make selections among the diversity observed in the vineyard, thus decreasing diversity. Grapevines interact with various environmental agents. One example, the natural defence provided by resveratrol, is analysed, showing its direct effects against parasitic fungi and its indirect effects, both metabolic and genetic, on other organisms. Thus, the grapevine, viticulturalists, and their environment form a web of biological interactions.

Systematics of Vitaceae in South AmericaThis article is one of a selection of papers presented at the symposium on Vitis at the XVII International Botanical Congress held in Vienna, Austria, in 2005.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 712-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Antonio Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
Selection Of

In South America, the family Vitaceae is represented by 65 species divided into 2 genera: Cissus contains 64 species, whereas Vitis consists of only 1 species. Recent studies on the Neotropical Cissus reveal that with regard to species delimitation, trichome types and the morphology of fruits and seeds are more important than the traditionally used trichome density and leaf shape. Fifteen provisional species groups are recognized for South America, excluding one species whose grouping is uncertain. Future research in this area should incorporate other data (e.g., anatomical, histological, and molecular) to identify a subgeneric division in Cissus.

Shoot architecture in the VitaceaeThis article is one of a selection of papers presented at the symposium on Vitis at the XVII International Botanical Congress held in Vienna, Austria, in 2005.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Gerrath ◽  
Usher Posluszny
Keyword(s):  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Architectural Pattern ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
Architectural Patterns ◽  
Shoot Architecture ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sympodial Growth ◽  
Selection Of

This paper examines the question of how the unique shoot architectural pattern of the Vitaceae, typically with leaf-opposed tendrils or inflorescences in a three-node modular repetitive pattern, can be related to the traditional concepts of monopodial and sympodial shoot development. Based on complete comparative morphological developmental studies of 13 species in six genera, supplemented with observations of 21 other taxa, we have found five shoot architectural patterns in the family. The pattern of shoot architecture is consistent within a species, but there may be more than one pattern present within a genus. Species that lack tendrils, thus exhibiting pattern 1, show sympodial growth. Taxa exhibiting patterns 2, 3, and 4, with tendrils at two of three nodes and with progressively one, two, or three axillary buds within the three-node cycle, grow monopodially, and taxa that exhibit pattern 5, with both tendrils and axillary buds at every node, achieve the pattern via either monopodial or sympodial growth, depending on the species. Although rare in the Vitaceae, pattern 1 is the only one shared with the sister family Leeaceae. We conclude that this was the original shoot architectural pattern, and that the monopodial pattern present in most species today is derived, and unique to the Vitaceae.

An updated estimate of intergeneric phylogenetic relationships in the Australian VitaceaeThis article is one of a selection of papers presented at the symposium on Vitis at the XVII International Botanical Congress held in Vienna, Austria, in 2005.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 722-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Rossetto ◽  
Darren M. Crayn ◽  
Betsy R. Jackes ◽  
Carolyn Porter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Loci ◽  
Selection Of

Previous molecular studies have suggested that the genus Cissus (Vitaceae) is not monophyletic. The majority of species are grouped, but four Australian taxa ( Cissus antarctica Vent., Cissus hypoglauca A. Gray, Cissus oblonga (Benth.) Planch., and Cissus sterculiifolia (F. Muell. ex Benth.) Planch.) form a distinct clade and Cissus opaca has now been recognized as belonging to the genus Clematicissus ( Clematicissus opaca (F. Muell.) Jackes & Rossetto). Here, we investigate relationships among the Australian Vitaceae by parsimony and Bayesian analysis of plastid trnL-trnF and nuclear internal transcribed spacer sequences and include a range of taxa that had not been previously investigated. We find no support for a close relationship between Nothocissus and the four distinct Australian Cissus, as suggested in previous morphology-based treatments. We find a robust sister relationship between Clematicissus and at least two southern American Cissus ( Cissus tweediana (Baker) Planch. and Cissus striata Ruiz & Pav.), suggesting a possible origin from an ancient southern progenitor. Finally, this study confirms the paraphyletic nature of Cayratia , with species occurring in two clades, both with Australian and non-Australian species. The necessity in future studies for data from additional and more tractable nuclear loci is also noted.

Phylogeny of Vitaceae based on the nuclear GAI1 gene sequencesThis article is one of a selection of papers presented at the symposium on Vitis at the XVII International Botanical Congress held in Vienna, Austria, in 2005.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 731-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wen ◽  
Ze-Long Nie ◽  
Akiko Soejima ◽  
Ying Meng
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Selection Of

Phylogenetic analysis of 105 nuclear GAI1 sequences of Vitaceae provided a fairly robust phylogeny, largely congruent with the recently published chloroplast data of the family. In the GAI1 phylogeny, Cayratia Juss., Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch., and Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston form a clade. Cyphostemma and Tetrastigma are both monophyletic, and Cayratia is paraphyletic. Ampelopsis Michx is paraphyletic with the African Rhoicissus Planch. and the South American Cissus striata Ruiz & Pav. and its close relatives (e.g., Cissus simsiana Roem. & Schult.) nested within it. The pinnately leaved Ampelopsis forms a subclade, and the simple and palmately leaved Ampelopsis constitutes another subclade. All species of Cissus L. sampled from Asia, Africa, and Central and South America (except the C. striata complex) form a monophyletic group. Pterisanthes Blume of southeastern Asia forms a clade with the Asian Ampelocissus Planch. Vitis  L. is monophyletic and forms a larger clade with the tropical Ampelocissus and Pterisanthes . Parthenocissus Planch., forms a clade with Yua C.L. Li, with each genus reportedly monophyletic. Cissus from the Old World is paraphyletic with the neotropical core Cissus nested within it. The basal grade of Cissus consists of taxa from Africa. The African-Asian biogeographic relationships are complex, with several intercontinental disjunctions. The Northern Hemisphere Ampelopsis is most closely related to the South American C. striata complex and the African Rhoicissus .

(A review). BRAUN-BLANQUETIA. Recueil de travaux de geobotanique / review of geobotanical monographs. Vol. 46. Centenaire de la phytosociologie. CAMERINO, 2010. 423 p.

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
L. G. Naumova ◽  
V. B. Martynenko ◽  
S. M. Yamalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Date of «birth» of phytosociology (phytocenology) is considered to be 1910, when at the third International Botanical Congress in Brussels adopted the definition of plant association in the wording Including Flaó and K. Schröter (Flahault, Schröter, 1910; Alexandrov, 1969). The centenary of this momentous event in the history of phytocenology devoted to the 46th edition of the Yearbook «Braun-Blanquetia», which began to emerge in 1984 in Camerino (Italy) and it has a task to publish large geobotanical works. During the years of the publication of the Yearbook on its pages were published twice work of the Russian scientists — «The steppes of Mongolia» (Z. V. Karamysheva, V. N. Khramtsov. Vol. 17. 1995), and «Classification of continental hemiboreal forests of Northern Asia» (N. B. Ermakov in collaboration with English colleagues and J. Dring, J. Rodwell. Vol. 28. 2000).

Recent Developments

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Essential Resource

At the 1999 International Botanical Congress held in St Louis, Missouri, the President of the Congress, Dr Peter Raven, presented a keynote address emphasizing the importance of plants to human existence and underlined concerns that the Earth is undergoing a human-induced extinction crisis. One of the resolutions of the congress was to establish a new co-ordinating body associated with the United Nations to monitor the status of plants throughout the world and take steps to conserve them. The resolutions were followed up with a meeting in Gran Canaria on 3–4 April, 2000 when leading botanists met to formulate a declaration which could be taken forward to the fifth Conference of the Parties (CoP5) to the Convention on Biological Diversity held in Nairobi in May 2000. CoP5 recognized that plant diversity is a common concern of humankind and an essential resource for the planet, with as many as two-thirds of the world's plant species in danger of extinction, and proposed that at the sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP6) the establishment of a global strategy for plant conservation should be considered. A strategy with 16 targets was presented and adopted at the CoP6 meeting held in The Hague in April 2002. These targets differ from the normal approach adopted in the Convention on Biological Diversity of using general principles that can be interpreted by national policy, in that they are quantified.

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