A comparison of flower-visiting insects to rare Symphyotrichum sericeum and common Solidago nemoralis (Asteraceae)

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bizecki Robson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Insect Visitors ◽  
Over Time

Flower-visiting insect activity to the rare Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom and the common Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longipetiolata (Mack. & Bush) Pal. & Steyerm. was examined to detect compositional and temporal similarities. A hand pollination experiment was conducted to determine whether pollen was limiting seed set. Of the 31 insect taxa that visited these plants, Bombus bifarius Cresson was the most common visitor to both species. More insect visitors of the Halictidae and Bombyliidae were received by S. sericeum than S. nemoralis, which received more visitors of the Syrphidae and Tachinidae. The insect visitation rate was not significantly different between the two plant species. Solidago nemoralis was visited by fewer insect taxa per day than S. sericeum, but the constancy of its visitors was higher. The insect visitor composition changed over time, with B. bifarius ignoring S. sericeum plants initially, then visiting them more frequently as the number of receptive S. nemoralis capitula declined. Hand pollination increased seed set in the earliest flowering capitula of S. sericeum, but not for those flowering during the peak. This research shows that the quantity of insect visits to the rare plant is comparable with that of the common plant but that pollination quality may be lower, particularly for early blooming capitula.

Bog ericad flowers: self-compatibility and relative attractiveness to bees

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (17) ◽  
pp. 2279-2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Reader
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Insect Visitors

The seed set of eight bog plants in the Ericaceae family was reduced by excluding insect flower visitors even though hand-pollination tests showed that all eight species were self-compatible. Floral morphology evidently minimizes the possibility that pollen will be transferred from anther to stigma in the absence of insect visitation. Bees were the most important flower visitors, collecting nectar and (or) pollen. The attractiveness (nectar and (or) pollen extractable per minute) of the ericad flowers varied considerably. This variability would promote forager specialization and flowering-timing diversification if the ratio of insect visitors to flowers was low.

The structure of the flower–insect visitor system in tall-grass prairie

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1266-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bizecki Robson
Keyword(s):  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie ◽  
The Core ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Flower Visiting

Tall-grass prairie is endangered by habitat loss and fragmentation, and climate change. Flower-visiting-insect activity on two tall-grass prairie communities, one larger and more mesic than the other, was examined to determine network structure, and temporal and spatial variation. Flower-visiting insect richness and visitation rate were monitored for 2 years. Most insect-visitor taxa were Diptera, followed closely by Hymenoptera. Only 18% of insect taxa visited both communities in both years, but were responsible for 70% of all visits. The three most active insect species were Toxomerus marginatus Say, Bombus ternarius Say, and Odontomyia pubescens Day. The core plants, receiving over 67% of all visits, were Solidago canadensis L., Solidago rigida L., and Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. Seasonal differences in insect visits were primarily due to temperature, as well as normal phenological patterns. Diptera was more abundant at one site, likely owing to differences in the quantity of nearby aquatic larval habitat. The mutualistic network of these two tall-grass prairies is significantly nested, which may make it more resilient to environmental perturbations than systems that are more compartmentalized.

scholarly journals Flowering, Forage Value, and Insect Pollination in Borage (Borago Officinalis L.) Cultivated in Se Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Ernest Stawiarz ◽  
Anna Wróblewska ◽  
Marzena Masierowska ◽  
Dagmara Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Forage Value

AbstractThe three-year study on borage was conducted in Lublin, SE Poland. The aims were to investigate the flowering pattern and abundance, and the attractiveness (in terms of nectar and pollen production) for flower-visiting insects, mainly bees. Insect visitation and the effect of pollinators on fruit set and seed set were assessed as well. Flowering of borage started in the latter half of June and lasted eight weeks. The mean number of flowers · m−2 of the crop was 4570 per season. A borage flower produced on average 4.0 mg of nectar with a mean sugar concentration of 31.5%. The mean total sugar amount secreted in nectar was 1.2 mg. The pollen amount · flower−1 was 1.1 mg. A borage plant can supply insects with 1.1 g of nectar sugars and 1.1 g of pollen. The estimated nectar sugar yield and pollen yield per 1 m2 of the crop were similar, i.e. 5.2 g. Bees accounted for 73.0% of all insect visits to the borage flowers. The presence of insect pollinators increased the fruit set by 43.3% and seed set by 26.8%.

scholarly journals Flower-Insect Visitor Interaction: Study Case on Rhododendron inundatum Sleumer in Bali Botanic Garden

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Kuswantoro
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Interaction Study ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Relationship Of

The Rhododendron-insect relationship was quite well studied in the northern hemisphere. However, information on the flower-insect relationship of the Indonesian Rhododendron was limited. This study aims to find the interaction between Rhododendron inundatum Sleumer collected in Bali Botanic Garden and its flower-visiting insect. The study was conducted by observing insect visitation to the flower of R. inundatum for 1 hour a day and repeated for nine days. Data analysis was conducted by calculating the Visitation Rate (VR) of each visitor taxa to determine its frequency. Study result showed that R. inundatum in Bali Botanic Garden was visited mainly by Chrysopa sp., as well as members of the Vespidae, Curculionidae, Muscidae, Drosophilidae, and Tephritidae. The result of this study was dissimilar with the previous study of white-flowered Rhododendron, which was mainly visited by moths.

scholarly journals Quantitative importance of staminodes for female reproductive success in Parnassia palustris under contrasting environmental conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvi M Sandvik ◽  
Ørjan Totland
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
Pollinator Visitation Rate ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Pollination Strategy

The five sterile stamens, or staminodes, in Parnassia palustris act both as false and as true nectaries. They attract pollinators with their conspicuous, but non-rewarding tips, and also produce nectar at the base. We removed staminodes experimentally and compared pollinator visitation rate and duration and seed set in flowers with and without staminodes in two different populations. We also examined the relative importance of the staminode size to other plant traits. Finally, we bagged, emasculated, and supplementary cross-pollinated flowers to determine the pollination strategy and whether reproduction was limited by pollen availability. Flowers in both populations were highly dependent on pollinator visitation for maximum seed set. In one population pollinators primarily cross-pollinated flowers, whereas in the other the pollinators facilitated self-pollination. The staminodes caused increased pollinator visitation rate and duration to flowers in both populations. The staminodes increased female reproductive success, but only when pollen availability constrained female reproduction. Simple linear regression indicated a strong selection on staminode size, multiple regression suggested that selection on staminode size was mainly caused by correlation with other traits that affected female fitness.Key words: staminodes, insect activity, seed set, spatial variation, Parnassia palustris.

Articulatory Generalization in Two Word-Medial, Ambisyllabic Contexts

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia I. Wolfe ◽  
Suzanne D. Blocker ◽  
Norma J. Prater
Keyword(s):  
Common View ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
The Common ◽  
Unitary Concept ◽  
Over Time

Articulatory generalization of velar cognates /k/, /g/ in two phonologically disordered children was studied over time as a function of sequential word-morpheme position training. Although patterns of contextual acquisition differed, correct responses to the word-medial, inflected context (e.g., "picking," "hugging") occurred earlier and exceeded those to the word-medial, noninflected context (e.g., "bacon," "wagon"). This finding indicates that the common view of the word-medial position as a unitary concept is an oversimplification. Possible explanations for superior generalization to the word-medial, inflected position are discussed in terms of coarticulation, perceptual salience, and the representational integrity of the word.

Hand-Pollination ofCardamine californicaImproves Seed Set

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Ariyoshi ◽  
Emily Magnaghi ◽  
Mark Frey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Hand Pollination

Use of Phosphatidylcholine in the Treatment of Localized Fat Deposits. Results and expectations

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1438-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Berbece ◽  
Dan Iliescu ◽  
Valeriu Ardeleanu ◽  
Alexandru Nicolau ◽  
Radu Cristian Jecan
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Basic Substance ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Over Time

Obesity represents a global health problem. According to the latest studies released by the World Health Organisation (WHO), 1.7 billion currently in excess of normal weight individuals, of which approx. 75% are overweight (body mass index - BMI 25 to 30). The common form of excess adipose tissue manifestation in overweight individuals is localized fat deposits with high (abdominal) or low (buttocks and thighs) disposition. Although the overweight can be corrected relatively easy by changing behavioral habits or food, a constant physical exercises program or following a diet food are not accessible to all through the efforts of will, financial and time involved. Several methods have been studied and tested over time to eliminate more or less invasive fat deposits with varying efficacy and adverse effects. Chemical lipolysis using phosphatidylcholine as the basic substance was initially used in hypercholesterolemia and its complications and was rapidly adopted in mesotherapy techniques for the treatment of fat deposits. This study reveals the results obtained using Dermastabilon on a sample of 16 patients, the time allocated to treatment and discomfort being minimal, and rapid and notable results. There were no side effects.

scholarly journals Acute symptoms of mild to moderate COVID-19 are highly heterogeneous across individuals and over time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L Rodebaugh ◽  
Madelyn R Frumkin ◽  
Angela M Reiersen ◽  
Eric J Lenze ◽  
Michael S Avidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Clinical Deterioration ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Fluctuating Course ◽  
The Common ◽  
Symptom Changes ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The symptoms of COVID-19 appear to be heterogenous, and the typical course of these symptoms is unknown. Our objectives were to characterize the common trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and assess how symptom course predicts other symptom changes as well as clinical deterioration. Methods 162 participants with acute COVID-19 responded to surveys up to 31 times for up to 17 days. Several statistical methods were used to characterize the temporal dynamics of these symptoms. Because nine participants showed clinical deterioration, we explored whether these participants showed any differences in symptom profiles. Results Trajectories varied greatly between individuals, with many having persistently severe symptoms or developing new symptoms several days after being diagnosed. A typical trajectory was for a symptom to improve at a decremental rate, with most symptoms still persisting to some degree at the end of the reporting period. The pattern of symptoms over time suggested a fluctuating course for many patients. Participants who showed clinical deterioration were more likely to present with higher reports of severity of cough and diarrhea. Conclusion The course of symptoms during the initial weeks of COVID-19 is highly heterogeneous and is neither predictable nor easily characterized using typical survey methods. This has implications for clinical care and early-treatment clinical trials. Additional research is needed to determine whether the decelerating improvement pattern seen in our data is related to the phenomenon of patients reporting long-term symptoms, and whether higher symptoms of diarrhea in early illness presages deterioration.

scholarly journals Business Co-operatives in Australia: “Unlikely Soil for a Co-operative Movement”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Greg Patmore ◽  
Nikola Balnave ◽  
Olivera Marjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
The Self ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Large Database ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
The Common ◽  
Over Time

While co-operatives are traditionally associated with workers, consumers, and farmers, the business model, with its emphasis on democracy and community, has also been adopted by small business owners, the self-employed, and professionals. These business co-operatives are distinct phenomenon, because they primarily consist of independent organizational entities that are not co-operatives and are generally in direct competition with one another. They are unique in that they bring together separate organizations that seek to combat market threats while adopting a philosophy based on co-operative principles. This article begins with an overview of the Australian co-operative landscape. It then defines the concept of business co-operatives and then draws upon the Visual Atlas of Australian Co-operatives History Project, which has developed a large database of Australian co-operatives over time and space, to examine the development of business co-operatives in Australia. It looks at where business co-operatives formed in the economy, the motivation underlying their formation, their average life spans, and their relationships with the broader co-operative movement. The article highlights the value of business co-operatives in introducing the values of participatory democracy and working for the common good into unanticipated markets and reinforcing the co-operative movement.

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