NOTES ON THE CANADIAN TUCKAHOE, ITS OCCURRENCE IN CANADA AND THE INTERFERTILITY OF ITS PERFECT STAGE, POLYPORUS TUBERASTER JACQ. EX FRIES

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Vanterpool ◽  
Ruth Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Perfect Stage

The Canadian tuckahoe is the perennial sclerotium of Polyporus tuberaster jacq. ex Fries. It is commonly found in the parkland belt of the Canadian prairies where land supporting, virgin poplar groves, mainly Populus tremuloides Michx., is being brought under cultivation. Sporophore as many as three to a single sclerotium, appear in late June and July. Interfertility studies with single spore cultures isolated from sporophores derived from four sources in Western Canada and from one source in Italy have shown that both the Canadian fungus and the European P. tuberaster are heterothallic, have the tetrapolar type of interfertility, and are interfertile.

scholarly journals Water security in the Canadian Prairies: science and management challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (2002) ◽  
pp. 20120409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Wheater ◽  
Patricia Gober
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Deep Uncertainty ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Water Problems

In this paper, we discuss the multiple dimensions of water security and define a set of thematic challenges for science, policy and governance, based around cross-scale dynamics, complexity and uncertainty. A case study of the Saskatchewan River basin (SRB) in western Canada is presented, which encompasses many of the water-security challenges faced worldwide. A science agenda is defined based on the development of the SRB as a large-scale observatory to develop the underpinning science and social science needed to improve our understanding of water futures under societal and environmental change. We argue that non-stationarity poses profound challenges for existing science and that new integration of the natural sciences, engineering and social sciences is needed to address decision making under deep uncertainty. We suggest that vulnerability analysis can be combined with scenario-based modelling to address issues of water security and that knowledge translation should be coupled with place-based modelling, adaptive governance and social learning to address the complexity uncertainty and scale dynamics of contemporary water problems.

Stride oat

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Mitchell Fetch ◽  
A. Tekauz ◽  
P. D. Brown ◽  
N. Ames ◽  
J. Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Mitchell Fetch, J. W., Tekauz, A., Brown, P. D., Ames, N., Chong, J., Fetch, Jr., T. G., Haber, S. M., Menzies, J. G.,, T. F. Townley-Smith, Stadnyk, K. D. and Green, D. A. 2013. Stride oat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 749–753. Stride is a white-hulled spring oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar with moderate resistance to fusarium head blight. It is postulated to carry the crown rust resistance combination Pc39, Pc68 and Pc94, which was effective against the prevalent crown rust races on the Canadian prairies at the time of its release. It has very good resistance to loose and covered smut, moderately good resistance to most of the prairie stem rust races (likely due to the presence of Pg2 and Pg13), and intermediate reaction to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Stride has high test weight, but low kernel weight. Stride exhibits high yielding capacity in the oat growing areas of western Canada. Stride was registered (Reg. No. 7180) in Canada 2012 Apr. 23.

Factors affecting interannual variation in growth of western Canadian aspen forests during 1951-2000

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
EH (Ted) Hogg ◽  
James P Brandt ◽  
B Kochtubajda
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
The North

Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is the most important deciduous tree in the North American boreal forest and is also the dominant tree in the aspen parkland zone along the northern edge of the Canadian prairies. Since the 1990s, observations of dieback and reduced growth of aspen forests have led to concerns about the potential impacts of climate change. To address these concerns, a regional-scale study (CIPHA) was established in 2000 that includes annual monitoring of forest health and productivity of 72 aspen stands across the western Canadian interior. Tree-ring analysis was conducted to determine the magnitude and cause of temporal variation in stand growth of aspen at the scale (1800 km × 500 km area) encompassed by this study. The results showed that during 1951–2000 the region's aspen forests underwent several cycles of reduced growth, notably between 1976 and 1981, when mean stand basal area increment decreased by about 50%. Most of the growth variation was explained by interannual variation in a climate moisture index in combination with insect defoliation. The results of the analysis indicate that a major collapse in aspen productivity likely occurred during the severe drought that affected much of the region during 2001–2003.

scholarly journals Combined impacts of ENSO and MJO on the 2015 growing season drought on the Canadian Prairies

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5057-5067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Li ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Barrie Bonsal ◽  
Alan H. Manson ◽  
Lucia Scaff
Keyword(s):  
Rossby Wave ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Canadian Prairies

Abstract. Warm-season precipitation on the Canadian Prairies plays a crucial role in agricultural production. This research investigates how the early summer 2015 drought across the Canadian Prairies is related to the tropical Pacific forcing. The significant deficit of precipitation in May and June 2015 coincided with a warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and a negative phase of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)-4 index, which favour a positive geopotential height (GPH) anomaly in western Canada. Our further investigation during the instrumental record (1979–2016) shows that warm-season precipitation in the Canadian Prairies and the corresponding atmospheric circulation anomalies over western Canada teleconnected with the lower boundary conditions in the tropical western Pacific. Our results indicate that MJO can play a crucial role in determining the summer precipitation anomaly in the western Canadian Prairies when the equatorial central Pacific is warmer than normal (NINO4 > 0) and MJO is more active. This teleconnection is due to the propagation of a stationary Rossby wave that is generated in the MJO-4 index region. When the tropical convection around MJO-4 index region (western tropical Pacific, centred over 140∘ E) is more active than normal (NINO4 > 0), Rossby wave trains originate from the western Pacific with wavenumbers determined by the background mean wind and meridional absolute vorticity gradient. Under warm NINO4 conditions waves are generated with smaller wavenumbers compared to cold NINO4 conditions. These waves under warm NINO4 can propagate into the mid-latitudes over North America, causing a persistent anomalous ridge in the upper level over western Canada, which favours dry conditions over the region.

EFFECT OF TWO INSECT VIRUSES AND TWO ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI ON LARVAL AND PUPAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA (FAB.) (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Goerzen ◽  
M.A. Erlandson ◽  
K.C. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Megachile Rotundata ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Beneficial Insect

The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (Fab.), is an important pollinator of alfalfa in western Canada and is widely utilized for alfalfa seed production (Richards 1984). As a beneficial insect, the alfalfa leafcutting bee must be considered, along with the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., as a non-target organism of importance in evaluations of potential microbial control agents for use against major insect pest species on the Canadian prairies.

Problematical taxonomic criteria in the Chytridiales: comparative morphology of 10 Entophlyctis sp. isolates

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Booth
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Exact Identification ◽  
Established Species ◽  
Size And Structure

The criteria generally used in distinguishing taxa among the Chytridiales are size and structure of the zoospores, sporangium wall ornamentations, discharge papillae and tubes, presence or absence and structure of apophyses, nature and structure of rhizoids and number and position of rhizoidal axes, thallus development and relation to the substratum, monocentricity or polycentricity, and operculation. A review of the literature, however, reveals that these criteria are not sharply defined but highly variable and unstable for purposes of exact identification. This variability has become evident from a study of 10 single spore isolates of an Entophlyctis species collected in western Canada and the U.S.A. and grown on pollen grains and a synthetic medium. A comparison of the variations common to all isolates relates this species to several different established species of the genus which grade into one another and result in only three valid taxa, E. apiculata, E. crenata, and E. reticulospora. Also, the variations of the isolates relate this Entophlyctis sp. to different genera, subfamilies, families, and series, and make various current taxonomic dispositions and concepts of little value.

scholarly journals History of grazing research in the Aspen Parkland

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Aspen Parkland ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The Aspen Parkland of western Canada constitutes a major portion of the agricultural areas of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, with 86% of the forage production and 66% of the beef cattle herd. Although some areas still exist in the natural state, most of the Parkland has been cleared of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) for farming. Introduced pasture species have been seeded, and bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and alfalfa (Medicago spp.) have been found to be the most productive. The addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer has been shown to nearly triple forage production in the presence of adequate moisture and favorable temperatures. Straight nitrogen has resulted in a reduction of the proportion of alfalfa in a mixed sward. The severity and time of grazing have a marked effect on pasture productivity. Bush pastures can be renovated by using selective herbicides, fire and controlled grazing to manage woody brush regrowth or by sod seeding of alfalfa in the depleted stands. Spring-seeded winter cereals can be grazed throughout the growing season or as part of a grazing rotation with perennial forages by extending the grazing season in the fall. Key words: Aspen Parkland, pasture, forage, research, review

CDC Corinne desi chickpea

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Taran ◽  
T. Warkentin ◽  
S. Banniza ◽  
A. Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Release Program

CDC Corinne, a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2008 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Corinne has a pinnate leaf type, fair resistance to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.], medium maturity, medium seed size and higher yield potential than Myles in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies. Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight

Summit oat

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Mitchell Fetch ◽  
P. D. Brown ◽  
N. Ames ◽  
J. Chong ◽  
T. G. Fetch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Mitchell Fetch, J. W., Brown, P. D., Ames, N., Chong, J., Fetch, Jr., T. G., Haber, S. M., Menzies, J. G., Tekauz, A., Townley-Smith, T. F. and Stadnyk, K. D. 2011. Summit oat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 787–791. Summit is a white-hulled spring oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar postulated to carry the crown rust resistance combination Pc38, Pc39, Pc48, and Pc68, which was effective against the prevalent pathotypes of crown rust on the Canadian prairies at the time of its release. It has very good resistance to loose and covered smut, moderately good resistance to most of the prairie stem rust races (likely due to the presence of Pg2 and Pg13) and is resistant to moderately resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Summit has good kernel weight, percent plump kernels, and percent thin kernels. Summit exhibits high yielding capacity in the oat growing areas of western Canada. Summit was registered (Reg. No. 6529) in Canada 2008 November 29.

Stubble management effects on canola performance across different climatic regions of western Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Cardillo ◽  
Paul Bullock ◽  
Rob Gulden ◽  
Aaron Glenn ◽  
Herb Cutforth
Keyword(s):  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Management Effects

Cardillo, M. J., Bullock, P., Gulden, R., Glenn, A. and Cutforth, H. 2015. Stubble management effects on canola performance across different climatic regions of western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 149–159. Previous research in the most arid region of the Canadian prairies has shown that wheat stubble cut tall the previous year can improve performance of the following canola crop. This study aimed to determine if tall stubble could benefit canola across the climatic conditions typically experienced in western Canada. Tall stubble impacts on canola were monitored over 11 site-years located throughout the prairies. At each site, tall stubble (50 cm) was compared with short stubble (20 cm). At some sites the stubble lodged allowing an unintended comparison between stubble that remained intact and stubble that was flattened. The comparison of snow water equivalent showed tall stubble caught more snow than short stubble but the benefit of additional spring soil moisture was masked by heavy spring precipitation in both 2011 and 2012. Canola biomass and yield were significantly lower in damaged versus intact stubble, either short or tall. In both years, wet spring conditions were followed by hotter and drier weather in the mid to late growing season. Soil under the damaged stubble (short or tall) likely warmed and dried more slowly in the spring, limiting early-season growth, biomass and yield. At sites where both tall and short stubble remained intact, there was a significant yield advantage with tall stubble. The intact tall stubble may have slowed evaporation and soil drying compared with intact short stubble, which reduced moisture stress later in the growing season, imparting a yield advantage.

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