STUDIES OF NECTAR SECRETION IN EXCISED FLOWERS: II. THE INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN GROWTH REGULATORS AND ENZYME INHIBITORS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1167-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Shuel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Iodoacetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Sodium Arsenate ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Fluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Concentrations of 5 × 10−5 M to 5 × 10−4 M of 3-indoleacetic (IAA), α-naphthaleneacetic, or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid usually reduced nectar secretion in excised flowers of Antirrhinum majus L. cultured on sugar solutions. The major part of the reduction occurred at relatively low concentrations of the growth regulators. The percentage reduction by IAA remained fairly constant when the sugar concentration of the medium was varied. Although the growth-regulating compounds promoted ovary growth, increased growth did not appear to have been the cause of reduced nectar yields. IAA sometimes increased nectar secretion. The effect of IAA on secretion was modified by 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid. Nectar secretion was partially inhibited by iodoacetic acid, sodium arsenate, dinitrophenol, sodium azide, and fluoroacetic acid at concentrations which caused no visible injury to flowers. Two inhibitors of phosphate transfer, dinitrophenol and sodium arsenate, modified the influence of IAA. The data support the hypothesis that nectar secretion is an active process.

Initiation and morphological development of somatic embryoids from barley cell cultures

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Kott ◽  
K. J. Kasha
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Media ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Barley Cell

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in callus previously initiated from immature embryos of barley. These cultures ranged in age from 6 weeks to 30 months. Embryoids were readily initiated from homogenized suspension-grown aggregates when plated on modified B5 media with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Low concentrations (0.1 and 0.05 mg∙L−1) of abscisic acid promoted further maturation of embryoids, while gibberellic acid (1 mg∙L−1) and kinetin (0.1 mg∙L−1) were used in the media to encourage embryoid germination. The development of somatic embryoids from initiation through maturation and germination is described.

scholarly journals Response of pine hypocotyl sections to growth regulators and related substances

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
J. Zakrzewski
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Growth

Growth response of <i>Pinus silvestris</i> hypocotyl sections to some synthetic growth regulators and related substances was studied. Elongation of hypocotyl sections was stimulated by naphtaleneacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, in-dole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indoleaoetic amide, indoleacetic nitrile and coumarin. Indole-3-acetic acid and naphtaleneacetic acid extended period of growth up to 16 and 24 hours, respectively. Growth was inhibited by kinetin, trans-cinnamic acid and 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid. No effect of gibberellic acid, tryptophan and biotin was observed.

scholarly journals Comparison of foliar fertilizers and growth regulators on pre-harvest drop and fruit quality of ‘Thompson Navel’ orange

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaser Mollapur ◽  
Seied Mehdi Miri ◽  
Ebrahim Hadavi
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Old Trees

AbstractAn investigation was carried out to determine the ability of foliar fertilizers and growth regulators to prevent pre-harvest drop and enhance navel orange fruit quality. Fifteen year old trees of the Thompson Navel orange variety were sprayed with aqueous solutions of one of the following: methanol (0.13%), calcium nitrate (0.25%), zinc sulfate (1%) + urea (0.5%), fermented sugar- cane extract (2.8%), salicylic acid (1 or 3 mM), citric acid (5 mM), or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.002%). Results indicated that foliar treatment with 2,4-D reduced fruit drop (2.6%) as compared to the control (15.2%). Fruit decay was delayed and flavor improved by 5 mM citric acid. Weight loss was reduced after 3mM salicylic acid applica- tion, while methanol (0.13%), salicylic acid (1 and 3 mM) and citric acid (5 mM) caused a delay in fruit coloring.

scholarly journals Effects of 2,4-D on the germination of megaspores and initial development of Regnellidium diphyllum Lindman (Monilophyta, Marsileaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
MBB Cassanego ◽  
A Droste ◽  
PG Windisch
Keyword(s):  
Primary Root ◽  
The State ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Sporophytic Development

Regnellidium diphyllum is considered as endangered, occurring in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and a few adjoining localities in Uruguay, Argentina and the State of Santa Catarina. It grows in wetlands frequently altered for agricultural activities. Herbicides based on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are widely used in these fields. The effects of 2,4-D on the germination of megaspores and initial sporophytic development of R. diphyllum were investigated. Six concentrations of 2,4-D (0.32; 0.64; 1.92; 4.80; 9.60 and 19.20 mg.L-1), and the control (0.00 mg.L-1), were tested in vitro, using Meyer's medium. Cultures were maintained in a growth chamber at 24 ± 1 °C, under artificial light with nominal irradiance of 110 µmol.m-2/s and 16 hours photoperiod. Megaspore germination was lower at 9.60 and 19.20 mg.L-1 of 2,4-D (56 and 48%, respectively), compared with the control (68%). Herbicide concentrations of up to 1.92 mg.L-1 did not significantly decrease the number of sporophytes formed. At 19.20 mg.L-1, no sporophytes were formed. The lengths of the primary root, primary and secondary leaves were greater at concentrations of 0.32 and 0.64 mg.L-1 of 2,4-D. Low concentrations of 2,4-D do not affect germination rates and initial development of R. diphyllum in a significant way. However, higher concentrations (9.60 and 19.20 mg.L-1) affect substantially the germination of the megaspores and interfere with the establishment of the species.

scholarly journals Differential regulation of GS-GOGAT gene expression by plant growth regulators in Arabidopsis seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Dragicevic ◽  
Ana Simonovic ◽  
Milica Bogdanovic ◽  
Angelina Subotic ◽  
Nabil Ghalawenji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact

Primary and secondary ammonium assimilation is catalyzed by the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) pathway in plants. The Arabidopsis genome contains five cytosolic GS1 genes (GLN1;1 - GLN1;5), one nuclear gene for chloroplastic GS2 isoform (GLN2), two Fd-GOGAT genes (GLU1 and GLU2) and a GLT1 gene coding for NADH-GOGAT. Even though the regulation of GS and GOGAT isoforms has been extensively studied in response to various environmental and metabolic cues in many plant species, little is known about the effects of phytohormones on their regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of representative plant growth regulators, kinetin (KIN), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), on the expression of A. thaliana GS and GOGAT genes. The obtained results indicate that GS and GOGAT genes are differentially regulated by growth regulators in shoots and roots. KIN and 2,4-D repressed GS and GOGAT expression in roots, with little effect on transcript levels in shoots. KIN affected all tested genes; 2,4-D was apparently more selective and less potent. ABA induced the expression of GLN1;1 and GLU2 in whole seedlings, while GA3 enhanced the expression of all tested genes in shoots, except GLU2. The observed expression patterns are discussed in relation to physiological roles of investigated plant growth regulators and N-assimilating enzymes.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN KALUS DAUN MELON (Cucumis melo) VARIETAS MAI 119 DENGAN PEMBERIAN BAP (BENZYL AMINO PURINE) DAN 2,4-D (2,4 DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nining Intan Toharah ◽  
Dwi Soelistya Dyah Jekti ◽  
Lalu Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Benzyl Amino Purine

This study aims to determine the concentration of growth regulators BAP and   2,4-D which have the highest effect in stimulating the formation of callus melon plants (Cucumis melo) Mai 119 variety. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used in this research. Media used on callus induction was MS medium with addition of several concentration of BAP  (0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L) and 2,4-D (0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L) either alone or in a combination of both. Parameters measured were the time appearing of callus, callus diameter, callus texture, and callus color. Anova followed by Tukey's test was used to the analyse of time appearing of callus. Data of callus diameter was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. In the analysis of parameter related to the callus texture and callus color, descriptive test were used. The results showed that there were differences in the effect of growth regulators on the callus formation. The fastest callus induction and the largest diameter of callus were obtained on media with concentration of 2 mg/L BAP and 3 mg/L BAP.Keywords: BAP (benzyl amino purine), 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), callus induction, melon (Cucumis melo) varieties Mai 119

scholarly journals Smooth leaf (spineless) Red Spanish pineapple (Ananas comosus) propagated in vitro

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
Lii J. Liu ◽  
Evelyn Rosa-Márquez ◽  
Enid Lizardi
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Standard Medium ◽  
Shoot Differentiation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
One Year ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Some 40,000 plantlets of Red Spanish pineapple [Ananas comosus (L. Merr.)] were produced via meristem culture. Of these, approximately 50% were spineless. Some of these spineless plantlets reversed to spiny leaf. However, the percentage of reversion from spineless to spiny was 14.1% and that from spiny to spineless was 32.7%. Of the 2,318 plantlets examined in the laboratory and greenhouse during a 3- to 4-month period, 72.9% of the spiny Red Spanish pineapple remained spiny and 85.8% of the spineless remained spineless. One year after field planting, the spineless Red Spanish remained largely spineless and initiated flowering and fruit settings the same as the spiny ones. The standard medium for in vitro propagation of Red Spanish pineapple was improved by supplementing Murashige and Skoog's basic formula (MS) with 0.1 mg/L, 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.5 mg/L benzyl adenine (BA). The callus formation was improved by adding to the same MS formula 10 mg/L BA + 4 mg/L naphtalene acetic acid (NAA). Similarly, shoot differentiation was improved by adding low concentrations of hormone (0.1 mg/L NAA) to the Abo El-Nil and Zettler (AZ) medium.

INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CALLUS OF THE OIL PALM HYBRID MANICORÉ

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlúcia Souza Pádua Vilela ◽  
Jéssica de Castro e Andrade ◽  
Raíssa Silveira Santos ◽  
Vanessa Cristina Stein ◽  
Patrick Callegari Magnani Santos Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

ABSTRACT Large-scale oil palm propagation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is difficult due to its unique apical meristem. In this context, micropropagation allows the multiplication of seedlings in vitro and the storage of germplasm elites. This study aimed to induce embryogenic calluses from leaves of oil palm plants in low concentrations of auxins and to observe the maintenance of these characteristics during in vitro cultivation. Calluses were induced in 0.5 cm leaf explants in Y3 culture medium supplemented with Picloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) or 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 mg L-1. The callus with embryogenic appearance was subcultured and evaluated regarding maintenance of embryogenic characteristics by cytochemical analyses. The best treatment for induction of calluses was composed of 1mg.L-1 of Picloram, which led to 30% callus formation. The calluses were classified into4 types, based on color and morphology. The cells of calluses with nodular and beige appearance have embryogenic characteristics, and the embryogenic potential of the cell masses was maintained over the 20 months of cultivation. This differentiated adaptation to the protocol can allow the advance in the mass propagation of oil palm through tissue culture, indicating the importance of investigating the topics proposed by the research.

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