GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS EIDAM ON DIFFERENT NITROGEN SOURCES IN SYNTHETIC MEDIA CONDUCIVE TO FAT FORMATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiser Naguib ◽  
Kamel Saddik
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Surface Culture ◽  
Sugar Absorption

Aspergillus nidulans has been grown in surface culture on high-sugar media favorable for fat formation and containing, as nitrogen source, sodium nitrate, ammonium chloride, or asparagine. Growth, sugar and nitrogen uptake, and syntheses of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat were all followed over an incubation period of 20 days. In the early stages, growth was influenced by the nature of the nitrogen source, being highest on asparagine and lowest on ammonium chloride, with the same sugar uptake. Later, dry weight increase proceeded at a high rate on asparagine, at a moderate rate on sodium nitrate, and it almost stopped on ammonium chloride, where the pH dropped to a very low value. At this stage, increase in dry weight followed sugar absorption, and was due to accretion of non-nitrogenous compounds.Asparagine media were by far superior to nitrate or ammonium media for fat formation. Protein and carbohydrate contents were higher in nitrate- than in asparagine- or ammonium-fed mycelial felts. All synthetic processes almost stopped in ammonium cultures after the early growth phase. It seems that the attitude of the fungus towards ammonium nitrogen could not be fully manifested due to restricted growth, and therefore it is suggested that no definite conclusions with regard to ammonium utilization by Aspergillus nidulans can be drawn unless the pH of the medium is controlled and growth on ammonium nitrogen made possible.

The utilization of L-tryptophan as nitrogen source by Fusarium culmorum, Aspergillus nidulans, and Penicillium italicum

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1353-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Coll ◽  
J. A. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Culture Filtrates

Fusarium culmorum reached a maximum dry weight of 60 mg/25 ml, and indolelactic acid (ILA) was found in the culture filtrates during the first 8 days of incubation. Only traces of ILA were detected in the filtrates of Aspergillus nidulans and none in those of Penicillium italicum both of which reached a dry weight of about 90 mg/25 ml.

Regulation of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase in Aspergillus nidulans

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Hankinson ◽  
David J. Cove
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source

When Aspergillus nidulans is grown with urea as sole nitrogen source it possesses about sixtold higher activity of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase than when it is grown with both urea and sodium nitrate.

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on growth and ectomycorrhizal formation of Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Q. falcata, and Q. falcata var. pagodifolia

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2507-2514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Beckjord ◽  
John H. Melhuish Jr. ◽  
Marla S. McIntosh ◽  
Edward Hacskaylo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Quercus Alba

Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Q. falcata, and Q. falcata variety pagodifolia seedlings were grown for 105 or 110 days in containers in a greenhouse in a medium with and without vegetative or basidiospore inoculum of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Scleroderma auranteum. At 15 days after planting acorns, nitrogen in the form of sodium nitrate or ammonium chloride was added to each container at the rates of 0.0 or 100 mg nitrogen per seedling. Growth of all Quercus seedlings that were not fertilized was significantly less than seedlings fertilized with nitrate or ammonium nitrogen (100 mg N). Ectomycorrhizal development of all Quercus seedlings that were not fertilized or fertilized with sodim nitrate (100 mg N) was significantly less than seedlings fertilized with ammonium chloride (100 mg N). Ectomycorrhizal development of oak species varied with different mycorrhizal inocula.

THE USE OF AMMONIUM SOURCE OF NITROGEN IN THE METABOLISM OF ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS EIDAM

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiser Naguib ◽  
Kamel Saddik
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Short Period

Aspergillus nidulans was grown as surface cultures on three ammonium salts, namely: ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium nitrate in a basal medium favorable for fat formation. It was also grown on sodium nitrate for comparison. Growth, uptake of sugar and nitrogen, fat and protein syntheses, and pH change in the culture media were all followed over an incubation period of 20 days at 25° C.Growth on ammonium chloride was suppressed after a short period, when the pH of the medium dropped to a very low value. Mycelial felts had high protein contents but insignificant amounts of fat. In ammonium carbonate cultures, fungal growth continued yielding heavy mycelial felts with high fat content. But nitrogen utilization ceased while an ample supply was still present in the culture medium leading to low protein content in the mycelial felts. This could not be attributed to any drastic change in the pH of the culture medium; the pH changed only within reasonable limits.Growth was best on ammonium nitrate. Mycelial felts contained high protein and high fat. The change in pH of the medium, during the early period of incubation, indicated preferential absorption of ammonium to nitrate ions. Growth on sodium nitrate started by a lag period, but soon became active and gave rise to a heavy mycelium.The present findings also showed that nitrate nitrogen was more conducive to protein synthesis by Aspergillus nidulans than was ammonium nitrogen. Fat formation, on the other hand, was lower on sodium nitrate than on ammonium carbonate or ammonium nitrate.

scholarly journals Pigment Production of Monascus sp. Isolated from Angkak in Semarang Region, Central Java, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Endang Kusdiyantini ◽  
Soni Nugraha ◽  
Arina Lunggani
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth

Angkak (red fungi rice, red yeast rice) is a traditional fermentation by fungi Monascus in a lot of Asia Countries, which is useful as a natural food colorant.  The aim of this research was to obtain pure isolate of red fungus from angkak in Semarang. The growth and the red pigment production of the selected isolate in the different initial medium pH and nitrogen sources were observed. The treatment was done by growing the isolate in PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) medium at initial pH 3, 5, 7 and 9 and as well as optimization of nitrogen sources with 1% ammonium chloride, 1% ammonium nitrate, and 1% peptone. Analysis of the fungi growth was performed by weighing mycelia biomass using dry weight method and the red pigments were analysis using spectrophotometer at a wavelength (λmax) of 500 nm. The results showed that the highest absorbance value of pigment (0.81) was obtained at pH 7, and the highest value of the cell dry weight was also obtained at pH 7 (1.23 g/L). The results showed that 1% ammonium chloride was the best nitrogen source for absorbance of red pigment production (0.82), but the highest of dry weight (2.56 g/L) was obtained by using medium with 1% ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source.

scholarly journals Studies on the Role of the are a Gene in the Regulation of Nitrogen Catabolism in Aspergillus nidulans

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Regulatory Circuits ◽  
Specific Activities

Mutants of Apergillus nidulanswith lesions in a gene, areA (formerly called amdT), have been isolated by a variety of different selection methods. The areA mutants show a range of pleiotropic growth responses to a number of compounds as sole nitrogen sources, but are normal in utilization of carbon sources. The levels of two amidase enzymes as well as urease have been investigated in the mutants and have been shown to be affected by this gene. Most of the areA mutants have much lower amidase-specific activities when grown in ammonium-containing medium, compared with mycelium incubated in medium la9king a nitrogen source. Some of the areA. mutants do not show derepression of urease upon relief of ammonium repression. The dominance relationships of areA alleles have been investigated in� heterozygous diploids, and these studies lend support to the proposal that areA codes for a positively acting regulatory product. One of the new areA alleles is partially dominant to areA + and areA102. This may be a result of negative complementation or indicate that areA has an additional negative reiuIatory function. Investigation.of various amdR; areA double mutants has led to the conclusion that amdR and areA participate in independent regulatory circuits in the control of acetamide utilizatiol1. Studies on an amdRc; areA.double mutant indicate that areA is involved in derepression of acetamidase upon relief of ammo.nium repression.

Ammoximation of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanone oxime using ammonium chloride as nitrogen source

2016 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Qiusheng Yang ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Liya Gao ◽  
Dongsheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Cyclohexanone Oxime

scholarly journals Influences of Shading and Fall Fertilization on Fluorescence, Freeze Resistance, Flower Production and Growth of Rhododendron ×kurume ‘Pink Pearl’

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Frank P. Henning ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Freeze Resistance ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Main Plot

We investigated the influences of fall fertilization and light intensity on photosynthesis and freeze resistance of Rhododendron ×kurume ‘Pink Pearl’, an evergreen azalea cultivar, grown outdoors in containers under nursery conditions. The study included two main-plot fall fertilization treatments: 1) 0.5 liter solution containing 75 mg·liter−1 N applied for 60 days from August 1 through September 29 and 2) 0.5 liter solution containing 125 mg·liter−1 N applied for 120 days from August 1 through November 28, and four subplot light intensity treatments 1) 100% ambient photon flux density (PPFD) from May 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, 2) shade fabric rated to reduce PPFD by 50% from May 1 through September 30, 2004, followed by 100% PPFD from October 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, 3) 100% PPFD from May 1 through September 30, 2004, followed by 50% PPFD from October 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, and 4) 50% PPFD from May 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005. Fertilizer application and shade treatments did not interact in their effects on stem freeze resistance or the timing of anthesis. The high rate of extended fertigation (125 mg·liter−1 N applied August 1 through September 28) reduced freeze resistance of azalea stems and advanced anthesis by 4.9 days compared to plants that received moderate fertigation (75 mg·liter−1 N from August 1 through September 29). The high rate of extended fall fertigation failed to increase leaf or stem dry weight compared to plants that received the moderate rate of fertigation. Plants grown in 50% PPFD from May 1 through September 30 produced 163% more above ground dry weight compared to plants grown in 100% light during the same time period. The addition or removal of shade cloth beginning October 1 failed to enhance azalea stem freeze resistance compared to plants that were only exposed to 100 or 50% PPFD respectively. Shade treatments affected the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (Fv · Fm−1) of leaves, but leaf fluorescence was unrelated to stem freeze resistance. Shade treatments affected azalea growth and photosynthetic stress, but shade neither interacted with fall fertilization to increase stem freeze resistance, nor had a biologically significant effect on stem freeze resistance.

scholarly journals Production characteristics of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenb.) Reimann et Lewin grown in an intensive culture at various nitrogen sources in the medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Zheleznova
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Cylindrotheca Closterium ◽  
Production Characteristics

The diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann et Levin is characterized by high productivity (up to 1.5 g·l-1·day-1) and the ability to accumulate a valuable carotenoid fucoxanthin (up to 2 % of dry weight). In the development of biotechnology based on microalgae, the key issue is the creation of concentrated nutrient medium. Nitrogen is one of the most important components in the nutrient medium that significantly affects the production characteristics of all microalgae. The aim of this study is to compare the production characteristics of C. closterium in an intensive storage culture using different forms of nitrogen in the medium. In the first experiment, nitrate and sodium nitrite, urea, and nitrogen in the form of ammonium were used as a source of nitrogen. The amount of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, and urea in the medium was calculated from the nitrogen content of the RS nutrient medium, with a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of 15 : 1. In the second experiment, amino acids were used as a nitrogen source – arginine, asparagine, cysteine. The possibility of using the microalgae C. closterium for the growth of various organic sources of nitrogen (urea, cysteine, asparagine) was shown. Productive characteristics in the intensive storage culture of C. closterium using urea, cysteine, and asparagine as the sole source of nitrogen in the RS nutrient medium were determined. It is shown that when urea was used, the productivity reached its maximum values and amounted to 1.5 g·l-1·day-1. Thus, the expediency of using urea in the medium for obtaining the maximum yield of biomass was shown. The use of cysteine in the stationary phase of growth to achieve a long stationary phase with minimal concentrations of the nitrogen source in the nutrient medium is also advisable. It was found that C. closterium was able to grow and vegetate at sufficiently high concentrations of nitrite, and the addition of nitrogen in ammonium form to the nutrient medium during the active growth of C. closterium led to inhibition of all metabolic processes and to the death of the culture.

scholarly journals In Situ Estimation of Carbon Balance of In Vitro Sweetpotato and Tomato Plantlets Cultured with Varying Initial Sucrose Concentrations in the Medium

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Makiko Ezawa ◽  
Toyoki Kozai ◽  
Sandra B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Carbon Balances ◽  
Species Specific

The effects of initial sucrose (suc) concentrations in the medium (S0) on the carbon balance and growth of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. `Beniazuma'] and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `HanaQueen') plantlets were studied under controlled environmental conditions. Plantlets were cultured with 0, 7.5, 15, or 30 g·L-1 of S0 under high photosynthetic photon flux (160 to 200 μmol·m-2·s-1) and CO2 enriched (1400 to 2050 μmol·mol-1) conditions. Net photosynthetic rate per leaf area (Pl) decreased and dry weight per plantlet (Wd) increased with increasing S0, but did not differ significantly between S0 of 7.5 to 30 g·L-1 for sweetpotato or 15 to 30 g·L-1 for tomato. Carbon influxes and effluxes of the plantlets by metabolism of medium suc and/or photosynthesis, and respiration were estimated based on measurements of in situ and steady state CO2 exchange rates and sugar uptake during culture. At S0 from 7.5 to 30 g·L-1, photosynthesis was responsible for 82% to 92% and 60% to 67% of carbohydrate assimilation for sweetpotato and tomato, respectively. Estimated carbon balances of plantlets based on the estimated and actual increases of moles of carbon in plant tissue demonstrated that in situ estimation of carbon balance was reasonably accurate for sweetpotato at S0 of 0 to 15 g·L-1 and for tomato at S0 of 0 g·L-1 and that the actual contribution of photosynthesis for tomato at high S0 might be lower than the values estimated in the present experiment. Results showed that initial suc concentration affected the relative contribution of photosynthesis on their carbon balances and that the responses were species specific. The failure of validation at S0 in a range specific to each species suggested the need for further study on carbon metabolism of in vitro plantlets cultured with sugar in the medium.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document