Starch accumulation in bundle sheath chloroplasts during the leaf development of C3 and C4 plants of the Gramineae

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 880-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Miyake ◽  
Eizo Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Phragmites Communis ◽  
C3 And C4 Plants ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Storage Starch

Nonphotosynthetic starch accumulation in chloroplasts is examined by light microscopy during the leaf development of several C3 and C4 grasses and compared between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. In Oryza sativa, Phragmites communis (C3 grasses), and Cynodon dactylon (C4 grass), bundle sheath chloroplasts accumulate large amounts of starch in the early stages of the leaf development, while in other grasses, both mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts accumulate only small amounts of starch. It is suggested that bundle sheath chloroplasts of starch-accumulating species, regardless of their photosynthetic characteristics, are specialized in the accumulation and supply of storage starch during the leaf development.

Development of bundle sheath chloroplasts in rice seedlings

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 556-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Miyake ◽  
Eizo Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Development ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Storage Starch

A developmental process of bundle sheath chloroplasts in rice seedlings is examined and compared with that of mesophyll chloroplasts. Chloroplast development is accompanied with the leaf development. Both types of chloroplasts accumulate starch derived from endosperm in the early stages of the leaf development, and the accumulated starch is dissipated during the leaf development. In contrast with mesophyll chloroplasts, bundle sheath chloroplasts accumulate large amounts of starch, appear as spherical, amyloplast-like structures, and preserve the starch up to the late stages of the leaf development. It is suggested that bundle sheath chloroplasts of rice seedlings are specialized in the accumulation and supply of storage starch, which is presumed to be consumed for the leaf development.

Nickel effects on two maize (Zea mays) cultivars: growth, structure, Ni concentration, and localization

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1547-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent L'Huillier ◽  
Jean d'Auzac ◽  
Monique Durand ◽  
Nicole Michaud-Ferrière
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Carbohydrate Transport ◽  
Sheath Cells

The toxic effects of nickel on maize growth and structure and the accumulation and distribution of Ni in the plant were investigated. Two cultivars of maize, each with a different sensitivity to Ni, were grown on nutrient solution with different nickel concentrations for a period of 8 days. The sensitive and tolerant cultivars exhibited reduction in root and shoot growth with Ni concentrations greater than 20 μM and 40 μM, respectively. The toxic effects of nickel on the structure and ultrastructure of maize roots and leaves were studied by light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. With 60 μM Ni, the sensitive cultivar showed a strong reduction in root mitotic activity (80%). Statoliths were absent in cells of the root cap, while leaves contained large amounts of starch in the chloroplasts of their bundle sheath cells. This suggests a decrease in carbohydrate transport between the leaves and the roots. The tissue localization of Ni by the dimethylglyoxim and silver sulphide methods showed important accumulation in the root apex and in the chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells. These results suggest that Ni reduces maize growth by a reduction in root mitotic activity, probably because of direct action on the meristem. Starch accumulation in the leaves could come directly from a decrease in the root sink effect caused by the reduced mitotic activity or indirectly from an inhibition of carbohydrate transport. Keywords: maize, Ni toxicity, growth, Ni accumulation, Ni distribution, mitotic activity.

scholarly journals Transmission of Engineered Plastids in Sugarcane, a C4 Monocotyledonous Plant, Reveals that Sorting of Preprogrammed Progenitor Cells Produce Heteroplasmy

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Plastid Transformation ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Homologous Sequence ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Transgenic Sugarcane ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Species Specific

We report here plastid transformation in sugarcane using biolistic transformation and embryogenesis-based regeneration approaches. Somatic embryos were developed from unfurled leaf sections, containing preprogrammed progenitor cells, to recover transformation events on antibiotic-containing regeneration medium. After developing a proficient regeneration system, the FLARE-S (fluorescent antibiotic resistance enzyme, spectinomycin and streptomycin) expression cassette that carries species-specific homologous sequence tails was used to transform plastids and track gene transmission and expression in sugarcane. Plants regenerated from streptomycin-resistant and genetically confirmed shoots were subjected to visual detection of the fluorescent enzyme using a fluorescent stereomicroscope, after genetic confirmation. The resultant heteroplasmic shoots remained to segregate on streptomycin-containing MS medium, referring to the unique pattern of division and sorting of cells in C4 monocotyledonous compared to C3 monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants since in sugarcane bundle sheath and mesophyll cells are distinct and sort independently after division. Hence, the transformation of either mesophyll or bundle sheath cells will develop heteroplasmic transgenic plants, suggesting the transformation of both types of cells. Whilst developed transgenic sugarcane plants are heteroplasmic, and selection-based regeneration protocol envisaging the role of division and sorting of cells in the purification of transplastomic demands further improvement, the study has established many parameters that may open up exciting possibilities to express genes of agricultural or pharmaceutical importance in sugarcane.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Flag Leaf Development in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohei Kobayashi ◽  
Yoshimichi Fukuta ◽  
Satoshi Morita ◽  
Tadashi Sato ◽  
Mitsuru Osaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Trait Loci

Nitrate metabolism in relation to the aspartate-type C-4 pathway of photosynthesis in Eleusine coracana

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2599-2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. M. Rathnam ◽  
V. S. R. Das
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Chloroplast Envelope ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Nitrate Metabolism ◽  
Type C ◽  
Envelope Membranes ◽  
Sheath Cells

The intercellular and intracellular distributions of nitrate assimilating enzymes were studied. Nitrate reductase was found to be localized on the chloroplast envelope membranes. The chloroplastic NADPH – glutamate dehydrogenase was concentrated in the mesophyll cells. The extrachloroplastic NADH – glutamate dehydrogenase was localized in the bundle sheath cells. Glutamate synthesized in the mesophyll chloroplasts was interpreted to be utilized exclusively in the synthesis of aspartate, while in the bundle sheath cells it was thought to be consumed in other cellular metabolic processes. Based on the results, a scheme is proposed to account for the nitrate metabolism in the leaves of Eleusine coracana Gaertn. in relation to its aspartate-type C-4 pathway of photosynthesis.

Developmental comparison of leaf shape variation in three Chamaedorea species

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Nowak ◽  
Adam Nowak ◽  
Usher Posluszny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Palm Leaf ◽  
The Ideal

Compound palm leaf development is unique and consists of two processes. First, the primordial tissue folds through differential growth, forming plications. Second, these plications separate through an abscission-like process, forming leaflets. The second process of leaflet separation allows for the development of compound leaves. The question that this study addresses concerns the development of bifid leaves, as they do not form leaflets but only develop a cleft through an apical incision. The ideal genus to use for this study is Chamaedorea as it includes species with both pinnate and bifid leaves. Chamaedorea fragrans (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart. and Chamaedorea stolonifera H. Wendl. ex Hook. f. were chosen as the species with adult bifid leaves. Although Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret is a pinnate-leaved palm, its juvenile leaves are bifid. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to study the development of bifid leaves. Our results indicate that neither of these bifid palms develop separation sites within the lamina, but rather the apical cleft develops through “late leaflet separation” or by an abscission-like process. In contrast, C. seifrizii juvenile leaves exhibit “early leaflet separation” when developing the apical cleft.

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