Light and scanning electron microscopy of the telial, pycnial, and aecial stages of Melampsora lini

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Gold ◽  
L. J. Littlefield
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Morphological Variants ◽  
Scanning Electron

Urediospore infection by Melampsore lini on stems or leaves of Linum usitatissimum produced uredia which quickly converted from urediospore to teliospore production. The telium was composed of a palisade of laterally united, sessile, prismatic teliospores (ca. 50 × 6 μm) positioned between the epidermis and the stem cortex. Teliospores were induced to germinate by subjecting telia to a series of freeze–thaw and wet–dry cycles. Germination began after 6–10 such cycles and continued until 20–24 cycles had been performed. Teliospores germinated apically to form basidia and smooth, ovate to elliptical basidiospores (ca. 6 × 5 μm). Basidiospore germlings penetrated directly through the host epidermis and formed intercellular and intracellular hyphae. The haploid intracellular structures formed were irregular and hypha like, often septate, and occasionally grew into adjacent host cells. Several morphological variants of intracellular hyphae were observed; all such structures were distinct from the more specialized dikaryotic haustoria derived from either dikaryotic aeciospore or urediospore infections. Development of pycnia occurred primarily in the substomatal cavities of leaves. Flexuous hyphae extended through stomata; concomitantly, pycniospores produced in chains from a palisade of pycniosporophores exuded through the stomata onto the leaf surface in droplets of honeydew. Pycniospores were smooth, ellipsoidal, and ca. 3 × 1.5 μm. Caeomoid aecia developed on both sides of flax leaves and on stems. Short irregular chains of aeciospores alternating with smaller wedge-shaped intercalary cells were produced from sporogenous hyphae at the base of aecia. Mature aeciospores were globose to ovate (ca. 16 × 13 μm) and were densely ornamented with smooth, cog-like verrucae.

Scanning electron microscopy as a tool for authentication of biodiesel synthesis from Linum usitatissimum seed oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmol Niazi ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Ashraf Y. Elnaggar ◽  
Muhammad Zafar ◽  
Shazia Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Foliar epidermis morphology in Quercus (subgenus Quercus, section Quercus) in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Panahi ◽  
Ziba Jamzad ◽  
Mohammad Pourmajidian ◽  
Asghar Fallah ◽  
Mehdi Pourhashemi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
Foliar Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Foliar Epidermis

Foliar epidermis morphology inQuercus(subgenusQuercus, sectionQuercus) in IranThe foliar morphology of trichomes, epicuticular waxes and stomata inQuercus cedrorum, Q. infectoriasubsp.boissieri, Q. komarovii, Q. longipes, Q. macranthera, Q. petraeasubsp.ibericaandQ. robursubsp.pedunculiflorawere studied by scanning electron microscopy. The trichomes are mainly present on abaxial leaf surface in most species, but rarely they appear on adaxial surface. Five trichome types are identified as simple uniseriate, bulbous, solitary, fasciculate and stellate. The stomata of all studied species are of the anomocytic type, raised on the epidermis. The stomata rim may or may not be covered with epicuticular. The epicuticular waxes are mostly of the crystalloid type but smooth layer wax is observed inQ. robursubsp.pedunculiflora.Statistical analysis revealed foliar micromorphological features as been diagnostic characters inQuercus.

Preparation and Properties of Sintering Brick from Iron Tailings

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1023-1027
Author(s):  
Ran Fang Zuo ◽  
Gao Xiang Du ◽  
Le Fu Mei ◽  
Wei Juan Guo ◽  
Jing Hui Liao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Scanning Electron

The main objective of this paper was to investigate the addition of iron tailing sintering brick production, in the presence of clay, coal refuses and bentonite. Mixtures containing raw materials of sintering brick and iron tailings were prepared at different proportions (up to 55 wt %), fired at 980°C. Freeze/thaw durability, drying and firing shrinkages were investigated as well as the loss on ignition, bulk density and compressive strength of the fired samples. Their mechanical and microstructure properties were also investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA/TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that compressive strengths of the brick samples are higher than that required by the standards MU15 of GB5101-2003, up to 21.79Mpa with 40% iron tailings corresponding to its higher bulk density completely. Moreover, the results showed that it has such advantages as no lime blowing, uniform color, good freeze/thaw resistance and slight universal frost.

scholarly journals Study of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Ability to Destroy Bone Matrix in Absences of Host Immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ahmed Al Ghaithi ◽  
Sultan Al Mastari ◽  
John Husband ◽  
Mohammed al kindi ◽  
Atika Al Bimani
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractPurposeOsteomyelitis is an infectious bone process leading to bone necrosis and destruction. Published reports on pathogen biofilm thus far have focused on indirect bone resorption mediated by host cells and factors secondary to immune system activation. However, direct bone resorption due to biofilm pathogen has not been adequately studied yet. This study aims to investigate the effect of biofilm pathogen in ex-vivo human bones in the absence of the host immune response using Raman spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy.MethodsBone samples collected from patients who underwent knee replacement surgeries were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Bacterial direct effects on the bone quality were then examined, at various time intervals, using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsRaman spectroscopy and scanning electron demonstrated the destruction of bone structure and drop in bone quality.ConclusionThis experiment shows the direct effect of bacteria on bone during osteomyelitis in addition to the recognised destruction caused by the host immune system.

Increased Ovipositional Attractancy to Surfactant-Treated Broccoli by the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae): Tests of Potential Mechanisms

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni M. Riggin-Bucci ◽  
Fred Gould ◽  
Cynthia White
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Dramatic Difference ◽  
Plant Wax ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies were conducted to investigate potential mechanisms by which treatment of broccoli leaves with the surfactant Latron CS-7® causes increased diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), oviposition. The importance of vision on oviposition was investigated by use of choice and no-choice tests conducted in the presence of light and in complete darkness. Females oviposited 10.7 and 12.8 times as many eggs on treated plants relative to nontreated plants in the presence and absence of light, respectively, indicating that females do not prefer treated plants based solely on visual cues. Greenhouse studies showed that moths continue to lay significantly more eggs on surfactant-treated plants up to 3 d after initial treatment of plants with Latron CS-7. No difference was observed in larval development or survival on treated versus nontreated plants. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a dramatic difference in wax crystallite morphology of surfactant-treated plants relative to nontreated plants. Ovipositional attractancy of surfactant-treated leaves to diamondback moths could be due to a change in mechanoreceptor cues on the leaf surface or volatile compounds released from the leaf surface as a result of altered plant wax micromorphology.

scholarly journals Serial Section Array Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Cells from Lung Autopsy Specimens following Fatal A/H1N1 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiyo Kataoka ◽  
Kinji Ishida ◽  
Katsutoshi Ogasawara ◽  
Takayuki Nozaki ◽  
Yoh-Ichi Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Viral Antigens ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT A/H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza virus (A/H1N1/pdm09) was first identified as a novel pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) in 2009. Previously, we reported that many viral antigens were detected in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC-IIs) within autopsied lung tissue from a patient with A/H1N1/pdm09 pneumonia. It is important to identify the association between the virus and host cells to elucidate the pathogenesis of IAV pneumonia. To investigate the distribution of virus particles and morphological changes in host cells, the autopsied lung specimens from this patient were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a novel scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method. We focused on AEC-IIs as viral antigen-positive cells and on monocytes/macrophages (Ms/Mϕs) and neutrophils (Neus) as innate immune cells. We identified virus particles and intranuclear dense tubules, which are associated with matrix 1 (M1) proteins from IAV. Large-scale two-dimensional observation was enabled by digitally “stitching” together contiguous SEM images. A single whole-cell analysis using a serial section array (SSA)-SEM identified virus particles in vesicles within the cytoplasm and/or around the surfaces of AEC-IIs, Ms/Mϕs, and Neus; however, intranuclear dense tubules were found only in AEC-IIs. Computer-assisted processing of SSA-SEM images from each cell type enabled three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the distribution of virus particles within an ACE-II, a M/Mϕ, and a Neu. IMPORTANCE Generally, it is difficult to observe IAV particles in postmortem samples from patients with seasonal influenza. In fact, only a few viral antigens are detected in bronchial epithelial cells from autopsied lung sections. Previously, we detected many viral antigens in AEC-IIs from the lung. This was because the majority of A/H1N1/pdm09 in the lung tissue harbored an aspartic acid-to-glycine substitution at position 222 (D222G) of the hemagglutinin protein. A/H1N1/pdm09 harboring the D222G substitution has a receptor-binding preference for α-2,3-linked sialic acids expressed on human AECs and infects them in the same way as H5N1 and H7N9 avian IAVs. Here, we report the first successful observation of virus particles, not only in AEC-IIs, but also in Ms/Mϕs and Neus, using electron microscopy. The finding of a M/Mϕ harboring numerous virus particles within vesicles and at the cell surface suggests that Ms/Mϕs are involved in the pathogenesis of IAV primary pneumonia.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of three Symphytum (Boraginaceae) taxa from Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oznur Ergen Akcin ◽  
Hilal Baki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Micromorphology And Anatomy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Symphytum asperum Lepechin, S. ibericum Steven and S. sylvaticum Boiss. were examined morphologically, micromorphologically and anatomically. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine leaf surface and trichomes of these species. These species had bifacial and hypostomatous leaf types. Epidermal cells of leaves were usually polygonal or irregular in form. The pattern of anticlinical cells may vary in different species and between the upper and lower epidermis of the same species. Stomata are anisocytic and anomocytic in three species. Stomata index is 27.5 for S. sylvaticum, 24.65 for S. ibericum and 21.86 for S. asperum glandular trichomes are capitate in forms and more dense on the lower epidermis than upper epidermis. Eglandular trichomes are simple, short or long, unicellular or multicellular and thin or thick. Key words: Micromorphology, Anatomy, Symphytum DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1496 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 93-103, 2007 (December)   

scholarly journals Distinct Patterns of Host Adherence by Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolated from Experimental Gonorrhea

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yingxia He ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Yingmiao Zhang ◽  
Bicong Wu ◽  
Ying Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Scanning Electron

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae, gonococci, or GC), the etiologic agent of gonorrhea, is a human-obligate bacterial pathogen. The GC surface contains pili that mediate the adherence to host cells. Studies have shown that GC pili, coded by pilin genes, undergo remarkable changes during human experimental gonorrhea, possibly generated by DNA phase variation during infection. The question that arises is whether the changes in pilins can alter the adherence capacity of N. gonorrhoeae to host cells. In this study, six variants initially isolated from male volunteers infected with one single clone of GC were examined for their adherence patterns with human Chang conjunctiva cells. In this study, we showed that the variants showed distinct adherence patterns to this cell line under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, two reisolates showed higher adherence capacities than that of the input strain. The results provide an additional example as to how the pilus variation may play a role in the pathogenesis of N. gonorrhoeae.

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