Growth and mycorrhizal development of potted white ash and black walnut fertilized by two methods

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Ponder Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

White ash (Fraxinus americana L.) and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) seedlings were grown for 20 weeks in fumigated soil that was either infested with Glomus fasciculatus or noninoculated; they were fertilized with N, P, and N–P by soil or foliar application methods. Neither the method of fertilization nor fertilizers significantly affected the number of mycorrhizal infected root segments for either species grown in infested soil. Nitrate nitrogen was significantly higher in noninoculated soil than in inoculated soil; the reverse was true for foliar N. Though not statistically significant, phosphorus was lower in inoculated soil and higher in inoculated plants in comparison with noninoculated soil and plants. Both inoculation and foliar fertilization increased root mass and overall growth of seedlings. White ash appears to benefit more from mycorrhizal inoculation than black walnut does. The greater root mass of foliar-fertilized inoculated plants could be an important factor in increasing growth and survival of outplanted seedlings.

Effect of three weeds on the growth and mycorrhizal infection of black walnut seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1888-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Ponder Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

The effect of unincorporated and incorporated litter and extracts of broom-sedge, fescue, and blackberry on the mycorrhizal development and growth of black walnut seedlings was investigated in two greenhouse experiments. Seedling growth varied with method of litter application. Only fescue extract decreased growth in the extract experiment, but unincorporated and incorporated broom-sedge litter significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced seedling total dry weight below that of mycorrhizal control seedlings. The total dry weight of seedlings in incorporated fescue litter was reduced by 47%. The number of mycorrhizal infected root segments on seedlings grown in unincorporated litter was more than twice the number of infected roots on seedlings grown in incorporated litters. Significantly fewer mycorrhizal roots were found on seedlings grown with fescue and broom-sedge litters than on mycorrhizal control seedlings. On the average, incorporation of litter increased the percentage of leaf phosphorus, but the shoot absorption of phosphorus was considerably less for seedlings grown in incorporated fescue litter compared with unincorporated fescue litter. Seedlings grown in fescue extract had 33% less phosphorus than control seedlings. Except for possible interference with mycorrhizal development when litter was incorporated, there was no evidence to suggest that blackberry litter contains substances that are allelopathic to black walnut.

Studies on the Mycorrhizae of Eucalyptus regnans F.muell

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
External Mycelium ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Eucalyptus regnans mycorrhizae vary from simple to coralloid forms, and their surfaces are commonly smooth or conspicuously enmeshed with external mycelium. At least 18 different basidiomycetes may be intimately associated with dense weft-type mycorrhizae; six agarics have been induced to form simple or diffuse mycorrhizae under sterile conditions. Individual mycorrhizae vary in form and colour with both age and the nature of the symbiont. In the field, mycorrhizae are longer-lived than uninfected lateral roots. The earliest stages of infection of new roots appear to occur via root hairs, and intracellular hyphae are produced. This is rapidly followed by the development of either ectendotrophic, ectotrophic or superficial mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizal development is enhanced by high light intensity, diminished by high levels of nitrogenous fertilizer, but apparently unaffected by high levels of phosphate. Experiments suggest that a transfer of carbon-14 takes place from the leaves to the mycorrhizal mantle. Inoculation of E. regnans by Mesophellia arenaria in relatively rich loams of south Gippsland improved the growth of E. regnans seedlings in both field and the glasshouse. The sterilization by gamma-rays of krasnozem topsoil from the forest improved the growth of E. regnans seedlings. Growth of seedlings was further enhanced by the inoculation of such soil with a mycorrhizal fungus (probably inocybe olivaceofulvus).

scholarly journals Effects of weed control on the survival and growth of planted black walnut, white ash and sugar maple

1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. von Althen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Survival And Growth

not available

scholarly journals Exogenous Polyamines Improve Mycorrhizal Development And Growth And Flowering Of Freesia hybrida

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Rezvanypour ◽  
Abdollah Hatamzadeh ◽  
Seyed Ali Elahinia ◽  
Hamid Reza Asghari
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Freesia Hybrida ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

AbstractAn experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of exogenous polyamines (PAs) on the development of mycorrhizae in roots, nutrient uptake and vegetative and reproductive growth ofFreesia hybrida‘Golden Wave’. Corms of freesia were inoculated withRhizophagus intraradicesat sowing time and treated once a week by one of three PAs, putrescine (Put), spermidine or spermine, in concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mM each as foliar application or soil drench. Application of PAs, especially as soil drench, increased mycorrhizal colonization as well as the growth and development of inoculated plants. Among the three PAs, Put in 0.1 mM concentration was the most effective in increasing colonization, enhancing floral stem length and diameter, floral spike length, floret number on main and lateral spikes and increasing corm and cormlet weight, corm diameter and cormlet number. Sole application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had no significant effect on the flowering time but soil drench with 0.1 mM Put accelerated flowering by about 17 days. Application of PAs elevated leaves N, P, K, Mg, Fe and Zn and corms’ P, K, Ca, Fe and Zn concentration of inoculated plants. Our results suggest that soil drench application of PAs, especially Put, positively influenced mycorrhizal inoculation and nutrient uptake, which leads to improving growth, flower and corm production and quality of mycorrhizal plants of freesia.

Évaluation de trois contenants pour la production de plants d'espèces feuillues de fortes dimensions

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Cogliastro ◽  
Andrée Hallé ◽  
Michel Labrecque ◽  
Stéphane Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Growing Seasons

Three types of containers of different volumes (Polymos 15, 700 cm3; Polymos 12, 1,000 cm3; Whitcomb®, 3,500 cm3) were tested to produce large hardwood seedlings. Studies of growth and root development of three species, white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) were used to assess containers after two growing seasons in an unheated plastic shelter. The mean height of seedlings increased with the volume of the containers. The total dry mass of seedlings at 55 cm in height was more important in the larger container; the total root mass and the proportion of secondary roots were higher in the container of greater volume. For the two species of oak, the 3,500 cm3 container produced seedlings with a taproot showing a number of deviations when touching the bottom of the container. White ash, a species with a fibrous root system, showed a higher deviation index in the smaller containers. The openings on the sides of the square-shaped Whitcomb® containers were effective for the air-pruning of secondary lateral roots of species with a taproot and their volume allowed for an important root mass. However, the flat bottom with openings at each of the four corners did not prevent deviation of the primary root. The use of a bottomless square-shaped container with a volume greater than 1,000 cm3 and with adequate lateral openings would optimize the production of large seedlings of hardwood species with taproot. Key words: large containerized seedlings, root development, root deviation, Quercus sp., Fraxinus sp.

scholarly journals Post-Plant Nematicides for the Control of Root Lesion Nematode in Red Raspberry

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga A. Zasada ◽  
Thomas W. Walters ◽  
John N. Pinkerton
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Quillaja Saponaria ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Sampling Times

To identify a post-plant nematicide to control root lesion nematode [RLN (Pratylenchus penetrans)] in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), a number of nematicides was tested in soil-only and plant-based experiments. In soil-only experiments, soil naturally infested with RLN was drenched with the nematicides and nematode survival was assessed 7 and 14 days after treatment. Fosthiazate and oxamyl reduced RLN recovery 92% and 52% across trials and sampling times, respectively, compared with the nontreated control. Other nematicides that resulted in moderate, and sometimes inconsistent, control of RLN were soapbark (Quillaja saponaria) saponins, 1,3-dichloropropene, and methomyl. In plant-based experiments, ‘Meeker’ red raspberry was established in pots with RLN-infested soil mixed with greenhouse soil and the nematicides were applied as soil drenches or as a foliar application. Nematode recovery and cane and root weights were quantified as measurements of nematicide toxicity and phytotoxicity, respectively. Similar to soil-only experiments, fosthiazate and oxamyl were the most effective nematicides tested in reducing RLN population densities in established red raspberry. Fosthiazate and oxamyl significantly reduced RLN per gram dry root population densities by 97% and 87%, respectively, compared with the infested, nontreated control. None of the other nematicides reduced RLN population densities compared with the infested, nontreated controls. There was no phytotoxicity to red raspberry associated with any of the nematicides.

scholarly journals Managing succession in conifer plantations: converting young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations to native forest types by thinning and underplanting

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Parker ◽  
Daniel C. Dey ◽  
Steven G. Newmaster ◽  
Ken A. Elliott ◽  
Eric Boysen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
White Ash

The effects of thinning on growth and survival of white pine (Pinus strobus L.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), and red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and understory plant diversity were examined in a young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Five years after thinning, seedling diameter, height, and stem volume were positively correlated with thinning intensity and the size of canopy openings. Percent survival did not differ among thinning treatments, but was significantly higher in white ash and white pine than red oak. Understory vegetation included 113 species, with species richness increasing with thinning intensity and proximity to neighbouring plant communities. Thinning to create relatively large canopy openings in combination with underplanting can promote the natural succession of young pine plantations to native forest species. Keywords: direct seeding, plant diversity, natural regeneration, red oak, restoration, white ash, white pine

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