Effect of three weeds on the growth and mycorrhizal infection of black walnut seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1888-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Ponder Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

The effect of unincorporated and incorporated litter and extracts of broom-sedge, fescue, and blackberry on the mycorrhizal development and growth of black walnut seedlings was investigated in two greenhouse experiments. Seedling growth varied with method of litter application. Only fescue extract decreased growth in the extract experiment, but unincorporated and incorporated broom-sedge litter significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced seedling total dry weight below that of mycorrhizal control seedlings. The total dry weight of seedlings in incorporated fescue litter was reduced by 47%. The number of mycorrhizal infected root segments on seedlings grown in unincorporated litter was more than twice the number of infected roots on seedlings grown in incorporated litters. Significantly fewer mycorrhizal roots were found on seedlings grown with fescue and broom-sedge litters than on mycorrhizal control seedlings. On the average, incorporation of litter increased the percentage of leaf phosphorus, but the shoot absorption of phosphorus was considerably less for seedlings grown in incorporated fescue litter compared with unincorporated fescue litter. Seedlings grown in fescue extract had 33% less phosphorus than control seedlings. Except for possible interference with mycorrhizal development when litter was incorporated, there was no evidence to suggest that blackberry litter contains substances that are allelopathic to black walnut.

scholarly journals Effect of Endomycorrhizal Inoculum on Root Initiation and Development of Viburnum dentatum L. Cuttings

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Verkade ◽  
David F. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

Viburnum dentatum L. cuttings were inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter) Gerdemann and Trappe spores, hyphae and associated soil and root segments at 5 spores/cm3 of medium. Fresh weight of roots, number of roots, and mycorrhizal condition were determined on the fourth and each subsequent week for 5 additional weeks. Inoculation during propagation resulted in uniform mycorrhizal infection (30-50%) and increased root development. A positive interaction between mycorrhizal development and root initiation also was observed.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Berbagai Campuran Media yang Diperkaya Mikoriza Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Petai (The Effect of Several Media Mixtures Enriched by Mycorrhiza for Stink Bean Seedlings Growth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Deni Emilda ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Indriyani ◽  
NFN Muryati ◽  
NFN Sunyoto
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Bean Seedling ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Media tanam mempunyai peran penting dalam menghasilkan benih petai bermutu. Namun, informasi mengenai media tanam yang dapat memacu pertumbuhan benih dan menghambat serangan penyakit tular tanah pada tanaman petai belum banyak tersedia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh satu komposisi media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan benih petai. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2017 – April 2018 di Kebun Percobaan Sumani Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok, Sumatra Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 10 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, setiap unit perlakuan terdiri atas 30 tanaman. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah 10 komposisi media yang terdiri atas kombinasi dua atau tiga bahan yang terdiri atas tanah, pupuk kandang, kompos, dan arang sekam serta penambahan agens hayati mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan benih petai sampai 6 bulan setelah transplanting adalah tanah: pupuk kandang = 1 : 1 (v/v) di mana menghasilkan bobot kering tanaman sebesar 24,47 g sementara media yang sama dengan penambahan mikoriza menghasilkan bobot kering tanaman lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 29,94 g, namun tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan media tanpa penambahan mikoriza. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pemilihan media untuk perbenihan petai.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Campuran media; Mikoriza; Pertumbuhan; Petai</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Planting media used has an important role in producing quality stink bean seedling. However, information about planting media that can enhance seedling growth and inhibit infectious soilborne diseases on stink bean plants is not yet available. The purposes of this study were to obtain the best media compositions for the growth of stink bean seedlings. The research was conducted in September 2017 – April 2018 at Sumani Experimental Station of Balitbu Tropika, Solok, West Sumatra. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 treatments and three replications in which each treatment unit consisted of 30 plants. The treatments used were 10 media compositions consisting of a combination of two or three materials comprising soil, manure, compost, and rice husk charcoal and the addition of mycorrhizal biological agent. The results showed that the best medium for stink bean seedling growth up to 6 months after transplanting was soil: manure = 1 : 1 (v/v) which produced total plant dry weight 24.47 g whereas the same media with addition of mycorrhiza produced higher total dry weight 29.94 g, however this result did not show significantly different with treatment without mycorrhiza. This result can be used for media selection of stink bean seedlings.</p>

scholarly journals Seedling growth of Schizolobium parahyba on different substrates and irrigation levels

Rodriguésia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475
Author(s):  
Débora Zumkeller Sabonaro ◽  
João Antonio Galbiatti
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the behavior of seedlings of Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake growing on different substrates and irrigation levels, and to study the use of urban waste compost in substrates. The experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Department of Agricultural Engineering, Jaboticabal Campus, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design used was completely randomized, consisting of 30 treatments in a factorial design with 15 substrates and two irrigation levels in four replicates. The substrates were composed of different materials: urban waste, Plantmax(r), dry cattle manure, vermiculite and soil. For the study of seedling growth, the following characteristics were evaluated: height (H), root-collar diameter (D), number of leaves, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, H/D ratio, Dickson's quality index, and the ratio between height and shoot dry weight (H/SDW). Assessments of the first three characteristics were carried out 20, 35, 50 and 65 days after sowing. Results showed that urban waste compost increased the growth of Schizolobium parahyba. There were significant differences for the irrigation levels tested; with better results for 150% ET compared to 100% ET irrigation level.

Growth and mycorrhizal development of potted white ash and black walnut fertilized by two methods

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Ponder Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

White ash (Fraxinus americana L.) and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) seedlings were grown for 20 weeks in fumigated soil that was either infested with Glomus fasciculatus or noninoculated; they were fertilized with N, P, and N–P by soil or foliar application methods. Neither the method of fertilization nor fertilizers significantly affected the number of mycorrhizal infected root segments for either species grown in infested soil. Nitrate nitrogen was significantly higher in noninoculated soil than in inoculated soil; the reverse was true for foliar N. Though not statistically significant, phosphorus was lower in inoculated soil and higher in inoculated plants in comparison with noninoculated soil and plants. Both inoculation and foliar fertilization increased root mass and overall growth of seedlings. White ash appears to benefit more from mycorrhizal inoculation than black walnut does. The greater root mass of foliar-fertilized inoculated plants could be an important factor in increasing growth and survival of outplanted seedlings.

A NODULATION-INHIBITING ROOT EXCRETION FROM A NON-NODULATING SOYBEAN STRAIN

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald H. Elkan
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A non-nodulating, near-isogenic soybean strain has been shown to release, during growth, a substance that inhibits nodulation of its normally nodulating sister strain. In greenhouse experiments, inoculated seedlings of both strains were transferred to vessels containing aerated, nitrogen-free, Hoagland's nutrient solution. Two plants per vessel were established in the following combinations: one nodulating and one non-nodulating, two nodulating, or two non-nodulating. Root excretions from the mutant resulted in highly significant decreases in nodulation of the normal plants. In addition, presence of the mutant also resulted in decreased total nodule weight, total dry weight, and total nitrogen per nodulating plant. Nodulation in ladino clover, when grown in nutrient solution, was also significantly inhibited by the presence of the mutant soybean. The excretion apparently does not inhibit growth of Rhizobium japonicum.

IMPACT OF FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF VIGNA RADIATA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA DIXIT ◽  
R. K. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Length

Currently, a real challenge for the workers in the agricultural research field is to stop or reduce the use of expensive agrochemicals/ chemical fertilizers which are hazardous to the environment as well as human health. Present study was aimed to improve the growth and obtain optimum yield of Vigna crop with eco-friendly, non-toxic way and to reduce the use of agrochemical/chemical fertilizer application in agricultural activities. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of chemical fertilizer (DAP) and biofertilizer ( Rhizobium strain) separately and in combination on seed germination and seedling growth (at 30 days) based on morphological parameters such as seedling length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g) and leaf area (cm)2 of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. After one month (30 Days) observations, it was found that seedling length, fresh and dry weights and leaf area were maximum in T4 and minimum in T15, T7 and T8 favored improved seedling length and leaf area whereas T7, T8, and T9 favored improved fresh and dry weights as compared to control.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

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