Penicillin action stimulating growth and metabolism in seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mukherji ◽  
A. K. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Small Increments

Penicillin promoted elongation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings; the relative promotion of shoot elongation was stronger than that of root elongation. Nucleic acids and protein were maintained at much higher levels in seedlings treated with penicillin, the increment of these metabolites being more pronounced in the embryo than in the endosperm. α-Amylase, RNase, and ATPase of endosperm and indoleacetic acid (IAA) oxidase activities of the entire seedlings were enhanced in penicillin treatments. Penicillin caused small increments in respiration rates of seedlings. IAA-induced growth inhibition of intact seedlings could be reversed completely to a growth promotion by joint application of penicillin with IAA. The length of the second leaf sheath of a dwarf rice cultivar was increased by penicillin which further enhanced the gibberellin-induced response. The levels of gibberellinlike substances were increased by penicillin treatments, whereas the IAA level remained unchanged. In penicillin-treated seedlings, more IAA was transported from endosperm to embryo. The stimulating effect of penicillin on rice seedling elongation was partially reversed by abscisic acid and the interaction appeared to be of a noncompetitive nature.

scholarly journals Identification of a new locus conferring antixenosis to the brown planthopper in rice cultivar Swarnalata (Oryza sativa L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3201-3211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.F. Qiu ◽  
L. Cheng ◽  
F. Liu ◽  
R.B. Li
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Rice Cultivar

Effect of high temperature on starch biosynthetic enzymes and starch structure in japonica rice cultivar ‘Akitakomachi’ (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm and palatability of cooked rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunao Kato ◽  
Yuta Suzuki ◽  
Yuko Hosaka ◽  
Ryuichi Takahashi ◽  
Ikuko Kodama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Starch Structure

Fungal endophytes from medicinal plants: growth promotion in Oryza sativa L. and Cicer arietinum L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Sukla Bhattacharjee ◽  
Aparajita Roy Das ◽  
Ajay Krishna Saha ◽  
Panna Das
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L

scholarly journals Overexpression of GSK3-like Kinase 5 (OsGSK5) in rice (Oryza sativa) enhances salinity tolerance in part via preferential carbon allocation to root starch

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maysaya Thitisaksakul ◽  
Maria C. Arias ◽  
Shaoyun Dong ◽  
Diane M. Beckles
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Salt Shock ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Root Starch

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is very sensitive to soil salinity. To identify endogenous mechanisms that may help rice to better survive salt stress, we studied a rice GSK3-like isoform (OsGSK5), an orthologue of a Medicago GSK3 previously shown to enhance salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis by altering carbohydrate metabolism. We wanted to determine whether OsGSK5 functions similarly in rice. OsGSK5 was cloned and sequence, expression, evolutionary and functional analyses were conducted. OsGSK5 was expressed highest in rice seedling roots and was both salt and sugar starvation inducible in this tissue. A short-term salt-shock (150 mM) activated OsGSK5, whereas moderate (50 mM) salinity over the same period repressed the transcript. OsGSK5 response to salinity was due to an ionic effect since it was unaffected by polyethylene glycol. We engineered a rice line with 3.5-fold higher OsGSK5 transcript, which better tolerated cultivation on saline soils (EC = 8 and 10 dS m–2). This line produced more panicles and leaves, and a higher shoot biomass under high salt stress than the control genotypes. Whole-plant 14C-tracing and correlative analysis of OsGSK5 transcript with eco-physiological assessments pointed to the accelerated allocation of carbon to the root and its deposition as starch, as part of the tolerance mechanism.

scholarly journals Pengaruh sistem tanam dan tinggi genangan air terhadap produktivitas tanaman padi kultivar mekongga di kabupaten Karawang

Kultivasi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rommy Andhika Laksono ◽  
Yudi Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Planting System

ABSTRAKProgram peningkatan ketahanan pangan diarahkan untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pangan masyarakat di dalam negeri dari produksi pangan nasional. Salah satu bahan pangan nasional yang diupayakan ketersediaannya tercukupi sepanjang tahun adalah beras yang menjadi makanan pokok bagi sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan sistem tanam dan tinggi genangan air yang mampu memberikan produktivitas tertinggi pada tanaman padi varietas Mekongga di Kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di sawah teknis Desa Tanjung Bungin, Kecamatan Pakisjaya, Kabupaten Karawang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Ketinggian tempat percobaan adalah 5 meter di atas permukaan laut. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan September 2016 sampai dengan bulan Desember 2016. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dan rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktor tunggal, dengan sembilan perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Terdapat sembilan kombinasi perlakuan sistem tanam dan tinggi genangan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem tanam dan tinggi genangan air tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Mekongga berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 42, 56, dan 70 hst.  Jumlah anakan umur 42, 56, dan 70 hst,  jumlah malai per rumpun, jumlah gabah per malai, persentase gabah isi, dan hasil gabah kering giling. Sistem tanam Legowo 4:1 dan genangan air 5 cm memberikan hasil gabah kering giling tertinggi sebanyak 15,2 kg/petak atau setara dengan 7,20 ton/ha.Kata Kunci : Sistem Tanam, Tinggi Genangan Air, Varietas Mekongga ABSTRACTThe program that increase food security is government target to supply national food needs. Rice is the staple food for most of Indonesia's population whose productivity must be increased. This study aims to obtain planting system and flooding that is able to provide the highest productivity in Mekongga rice cultivar in Karawang district. The research was conducted in the rice fields of Tanjung Bungin Village, Pakisjaya, Karawang Regency, West Java Province. It is 5 meters above sea level. This study was conducted from September 2016 until December 2016. The research method used was experiment method and experimental design used was Randomized Block Design, with nine treatments and repeated three times. There were combination of planting system and flooding for treatments. The results showed that planting system and flooding significantly affect crop height at 42, 56, and 70 day after planting (dap). Number of tillers at 42, 56, and 70 dap, number of panicles, number of grain per panicle, percentage of filled grain, and dried milled grain weight. Legowo 4: 1 planting system and 5 cm flooding gave highest yield of dried grain of 15.2 kg / plot or equal to 7.20 ton / ha.Keywords: Flooding, Mekongga Cultivar, Planting System

scholarly journals Enhancement of Regeneration Efficiency through Callus Induction Media Using 2,4-Dicholorophenoxyacetic acid in Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Ciherang)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Kunti Anis Azizah ◽  
Didik Pudji Restanto ◽  
Bambang Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Regeneration Frequency ◽  
Optimum Result

Indica rice variety Ciherang is the most planted variety in Indonesia, but the micropropagation technique is restricted because it is known has low regeneration frequency and included as recalcitrant cultivar for tissue culture and tranformation activities. One of solution to resolve that problem is developing a technique of somatic embryogenesis in callus of ciherang rice cultivar. The aims of study were to determine medium composition for inducting embryogenic callus in Ciherang rice and to know the effectivity of rice regeneration using callus as explant. The methods were included induction of embryogenic callus in callus induction media (CIM) containing MS basal, Proline 600 mg/l, Casein Hidrolisat 300 mg/l, phytagel 2,5 g/l, BAP 0.25 mg/l, sukrosa 30 %, and 2,4-D in different concentration, from 2,4-D 0 mg/l as control (CIM 1), 2,4-D 2 mg/l (CIM 2), 2,4-D 3 mg/l (CIM 3), and 2,4-D 4 mg/l (CIM 4). It then be continued to regenerate the calli in RM 1 medium containing MS basal, NAA 0,2 mg/l, Kinetin 2 mg/l, Agarose 10 g/l, and sukrosa 30 %, pH 5,8 for six days in dark and RM2 medium containing MS basal , NAA 0,2 mg/l, Kinetin 2 mg/l, Agarose 8 g/l, sukrosa 30 %, pH 5,8 in light room. Results showed CIM 4 medium using 2,4-D 4 mg/l gave optimum result in calli induction with procentage 57,63% and CIM 3 using 2,4-D 3 mg/l gave optimum result in embryonic calli induction with procentage 53,63%. Result of embryonic calli gave regeneration frequency procentage is 9,6%. The total planlet obtained after five weeks old in regeneration medum were 11 planlets ready for aclimatization. Keywords: Somatic embryo, Indica rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Ciherang), Callus

scholarly journals Senescence-Specific Expression of RAmy1A Accelerates Non-structural Carbohydrate Remobilization and Grain Filling in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ouyang ◽  
Xuewu Sun ◽  
Yanning Tan ◽  
Zhizhong Sun ◽  
Dong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Remobilization of pre-anthesis NSCs (non-structural carbohydrates) is significant for effective grain filling in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, abundant starch particles as an important component of NSCs are still present in the leaf sheath and stem at the late stage of grain filling. There are no studies on how bioengineering techniques can be used to improve the efficiency of NSC remobilization. In this study, RAmy1A was expressed under the senescence-specific promoter of SAG12, which was designed to degrade starch in the leaf sheath and stem during grain filling. RAmy1A mRNA successfully accumulated in the leaf, stem, and sheath of transgenic plants after anthesis. At the same time, the starch and total soluble sugar content in the leaf, stem, and leaf sheath were obviously decreased during the grain-filling period. The photosynthetic rate of transgenic lines was higher than that of the wild types by an average of 4.0 and 9.9%, at 5 and 10 days after flowering, respectively. In addition, the grain-filling rate of transgenic lines was faster than that of the wild types by an average of 26.09%. These results indicate an enhanced transport efficiency of NSCs from source tissues in transgenic rice. Transgenic rice also displayed accelerated leaf senescence, which was hypothesized to contribute to decreased grain weight.

Strigolactones regulate shoot elongation by mediating gibberellin metabolism and signaling in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zou ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Peisai Chen ◽  
Changxi Yin ◽  
Yongjun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Gibberellin Metabolism

Characterization and fine mapping of early senescence leaf sheath (esls) gene in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongryung Lee ◽  
Yoye Yu ◽  
Eunbyeol Koh ◽  
Hee-Jong Koh
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Leaf Sheath
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