scholarly journals Rooting patterns of Rumex species under drained conditions

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1638-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. C. J. Voesenek ◽  
C. W. P. M. Blom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Vertical Root Distribution ◽  
Rooting Patterns

Root development and architecture were studied in three Rumex species growing in a perforated soil system in the greenhouse. Distinct differences in vertical root distribution under drained conditions were found among the three species. Rumex acetosa and R. palustris had a relatively superficial root pattern, whereas in R. crispus much of the root growth was concentrated in lower soil layers. In the upper soil layer the relative growth rate of the roots of R. palustris was significantly larger than that of the other species. A relation between the characteristic rooting patterns under drained conditions and the Rumex zonation in the field is discussed.

scholarly journals The ameliorative effect of selenium on Azolla caroliniana grown under UV-B stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Mostafa ◽  
A.M.A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Glutathione Redox

Exposure ofAzollaplants to UV-B radiation for 6 h resulted in a decrease in biomass and relative growth rate (RGR), which coincided with an increase in doubling time (DT) as compared with the control. Also, the protein content decreased. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxyde (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated significantly in UV-treatedAzollaplants. Conversely, the addition of selenium (Se) at 1 ppm resulted in a significant increase in biomass and protein content of untreated and UV-treatedAzollaplants, and a significant reduction in both H2O2and MDA. Moreover, the addition of Se to UV-treated and untreatedAzollaplants resulted in a significant increase in total ascorbate and total glutathione (GSH) contents compared with the control and UV-stressedAzollaplants. Also, glutathione redox potential (GSH/TG) increased significantly in UV-treatedAzollaplants in the presence of Se. There also was a significant increase (38%) in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in UV-treated plants compared with the control. APX activity in the presence of Se did not change significantly compared with the control. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased significantly in UV-treatedAzolla, while glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity did not. On the other hand, both GSH-PX and GR activity in untreated and UV-treatedAzollaplants were significantly enhanced by the application of Se to the nutrient media at a concentration of 1 ppm. Therefore, we can conclude that Se protectsAzollaplants from UV-B stress.

UV-B Effect on Constituents of Azolla caroliniana

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Ibrahim ◽  
Eazaz M. Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Azolla Caroliniana ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Aminolaevulinic Acid

Abstract Changes in growth and ultrastructure of Azolla caroliniana in response to elevated UV-B radiation were investigated. Exposure of plants to UV-B radiation for 1, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h exhibited a significant decrease in biomass and relative growth rate. This decrease resulted in an increase in doubling time over the control. Also, Chl a and b contents were significantly decreased especially after 16 h. The reduction was accompanied by a decrease in 5-aminolaevulinic acid content (precursor of chlorophyll). On the other hand, contents of carotenoid and UV-absorbing phenolic compounds (flavonoids and anthocyanins) were increased.

Stage-dependent sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation in zygotes of the brown alga Fucus serratus

Zygote ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Altamirano ◽  
Antonio Flores-Moya ◽  
Ralph Kuhlenkamp ◽  
Félix L. Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
Radiation Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Fucus Serratus

Sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UV-A, λ = 315-400 nm; plus UV-B, λ = 280-315 nm) of zygotes of the brown alga Fucus serratus L. (Phaeophyta) has been assessed through effects on growth of developing germlings. Different stages of development were distinguished by considering 5 h periods of time after fertilisation. Both the stage of the zygote and the UV radiation condition significantly affected growth of developing germlings. The negative response of growth rate of early stages of the zygotes to UV radiation seemed to be caused by UV-B rather than UV-A radiation, as the lowest relative growth rates were always estimated for germlings developed from zygotes irradiated with UV-B radiation. As regards the stage of the zygote, those germlings that developed from zygotes irradiated at 5-10 h after fertilisation showed the strongest inhibition of growth compared with the other stages. These results point to polarisation as the most UV-sensitive process during the first 24 h of the development of the zygote. A non-linear relationship between the developmental stage of the zygote and the sensitivity to UV radiation is suggested.

scholarly journals Root and shoot development of Rumex species under waterlogged conditions

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1865-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. C. J. Voesenek ◽  
C. W. P. M. Blom ◽  
R. H. W. Pouwels
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Vertical Root Distribution ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Field Location

The responses of Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, and Rumex palustris to different levels of waterlogging were studied in sand culture experiments. Rumex crispus and R. palustris developed new flooding-resistant roots as a response to waterlogging. The growth of these new roots caused a changed vertical distribution of the root length in these species; most root length was concentrated in the upper 10 cm of the soil. Rumex acetosa did not show significant development of flooding-resistant roots and did not change its vertical root distribution during flooding of the soil. The results of the experiments indicate that growth expressed as relative growth rate is positively correlated to the development of new flooding-resistant roots under waterlogged conditions. We concluded that R. crispus and R. palustris are more resistant to waterlogging than R. acetosa; this agrees with the distribution of these Rumex species in the field. However, waterlogging resistance is probably only one of the factors influencing differences in field location between the Rumex species.

scholarly journals Pomegranate Cultivation in Mediterranean Climate: Plant Adaptation and Fruit Quality of ‘Mollar de Elche’ and ‘Wonderful’ Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilenia Tinebra ◽  
Dario Scuderi ◽  
Giuseppe Sortino ◽  
Agata Mazzaglia ◽  
Vittorio Farina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
The World ◽  
Sensory Analyses ◽  
Dimensional Growth

Two pomegranate cultivars, Mollar de Elche, native to Spain, and Wonderful, the most widely cultivated pomegranate variety in the world, were studied in a commercial orchard in Sicily, and their phenological behavior was compared. During the development of the fruit, their dimensional growth was monitored, and after harvest, physicochemical and sensory analyses were carried out to highlight the differences between fruit of the two cultivars. Results showed that Mollar de Elche fruit require less time from flowering to fruit maturity, resulting in an earlier harvest, which was due also to a higher relative growth rate of the fruit’s diameters. On the other hand, physicochemical analyses confirmed that Wonderful is the variety that is most appealing for fresh produce consumers due to its intense coloring. However, Mollar de Elche showed economically desirable characteristics such as a good softness of the seed. Moreover, sensory analysis showed that fruit of the cv. Mollar de Elche was found to have a sweeter taste of both arils and juice.

scholarly journals Growth Analysis of ‘Plumosa Compacta’ Juniper and ‘Coral Beauty’ Cotoneaster Subjected to Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Regimes

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
Peter R. Hicklenton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Application ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Abstract ‘Plumosa Compacta’ juniper (Juniperus horizontalis Moench.) and ‘Coral Beauty’ cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammeri C. K. Schneid.) were container grown in a bark:peat-sand medium (2:1:1 by vol.). Plants received either 70, 140, 280 or 420 mg (0.003, 0.005, 0.010 or 0.015 oz) N per week from nutrient solutions. Growth was assessed on plants harvested from each treatment regime on May 22 and then at monthly intervals until September 16. Juniper plants grown with 140 mg (0.005 oz) N per week were larger at the end of the season than those in the other treatments. In cotoneaster, growth increased as weekly N application increased from 70 to 420 mg (0.03 to 0.015 oz) N per week. Path analysis was used to quantify the effect of plant relative growth rate (RGR) during each month on RGR in subsequent months and on total seasonal relative dry weight gain (TRWG). RGR during each month significantly influenced TRWG, with the periods from June 21 to July 20, and from July 21 to August 18 exerting the greatest influence in cotoneaster. In juniper, the influence of RGR in each month on TRWG was equal. For both cotoneaster and juniper, increasing RGR during one month tended to have a negative influence on RGR during subsequent months.

scholarly journals Association of Physiological Responses and Root Distribution Patterns to Ratooning Ability and Yield of the Second Ratoon Cane in Sugarcane Elite Clone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saranya Chumphu ◽  
Nuntawoot Jongrungklang ◽  
Patcharin Songsri
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Soil Layers

The objective of this study was to determine the association of physiological responses and root distribution patterns on yield of the second ratoon cane and the relationships among these traits. Seventeen sugarcane genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The second ratoon crop was evaluated for germination percentage, cane yield, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content (RWC), specific leaf area (SLA) and stomatal conductance. Root length density (RLD) was evaluated by auger method. The root samples were divided into upper soil layer and lowers soil layers to study root distribution patterns. Sugarcane genotypes were significantly different for RLD, germination percentage and cane yield. Root distribution patterns were classified into three groups based on the RLD. High RLD between plants in the upper soil layers at 90 DAH was positively correlated with high germination, whereas high RLD between rows in the lower soil layers at 90 and 270 DAH was associated with high cane yield. RWC at 90 DAH and stomatal conductance at 180 DAH were closely related to germination percentage, whereas chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal conductance at 180 DAH were closely related to cane yield.

High Pb concentration stress on Typha latifolia growth and Pb removal in microcosm wetlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1734-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiu Han ◽  
Fengzhen Chen ◽  
Yumei Zhou ◽  
Chaohua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Pb Concentration

When constructed wetlands are used to treat high-Pb wastewater, Pb may become a stress to wetland plants, which subsequently reduces treatment performance and the other ecosystem services. To facilitate the design and operation of constructed wetlands for treatment of Pb-rich wastewater, we investigated the irreversible inhibitory level of Pb for Typha latifolia through experiments in microcosm wetlands. Seven horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands were built with rectangular plastic tanks and packed with marble chips and sand. All wetlands were transplanted with nine stems of Typha latifolia each. The wetlands were batch operated in a greenhouse with artificial wastewater (10 L each) for 12 days. Influent to the seven wetlands had different concentrations of Pb: 0 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 500 mg/L, respectively. The results suggested that leaf chlorophyll relative content, relative growth rate, photosynthetic characteristics, activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and content of malondialdehyde were not affected when initial Pb concentration was at 100 mg/L and below. But when initial Pb concentration was above 100 mg/L, all of them were seriously affected. We conclude that high Pb concentrations wastewater could inhibit the growth of Typha latifolia and decrease the removal rate of wetlands.

Effect of host plants on life history traits of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Manan Dogar ◽  
Mahmood Ayyaz ◽  
Naeem Abbas ◽  
Sarfraz Ali Shad ◽  
Afifa Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Development Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate

AbstractCotton mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsisTinsley is an important polyphagous insect pest and causes severe losses to different crops worldwide. In the current study, we investigated the effect of different host plants, such asCaesalpinia pulcherrima,Plumeria rubra, Anthurium andraeanum, Jasminum sambac, andHibiscus rosasinensis, on the biological parameters ofP. solenopsis. The survival rate from crawler to adult, female nymphal duration, development time from crawler to female adult, and female adult weight were significantly different on the different hosts. Male nymphal duration, development time from crawler to male adult, pupal weight, emergence rate of male adults, and mean relative growth rate for male were similar on all the tested host plants. Pupal duration and generation time of male and female onH. rosasinensiswere significantly shorter than on the other hosts. Adult male and femaleP. solenopsislongevity was significantly shorter onH. rosasinensiscompared to other hosts. The fecundity was lower onC. pulcherrimaandA. andraeanumand hatchability was lower onC. pulcherrimathan on the other hosts. The net reproductive rate, the intrinsic rate of natural increase, and biotic potential and mean relative growth rate for female ofP. solenopsiswere significantly different on the tested hosts. Our results point to the role of host plants in increasing the populations ofP. solenopsisand could help to design cultural management strategies.

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