Le statut des Euphrasia borealis, E. nemorosa et E. stricta dans l'est de l'Amérique du Nord : une analyse numérique

The taxonomic status of Euphrasia borealis, E. nemorosa, and E. stricta in eastern North America has been the subject of considerable controversy. A sample of 184 operational taxonomic units were scored for 58 morphological characters, and the resulting data matrix was subjected to cluster and principal component analyses. Two groups were recognized on the basis of bract and upper cauline leaf characters and designated as E. nemorosa and E. stricta. These two groups were then subjected to several discriminant analyses (stepwise, linear, and canonical) using quantitative data. The results do not support the recognition of E. borealis and E. nemorosa as separate taxa. These plants should be treated as a single species, for which the correct name is E. nemorosa. Euphrasia stricta is, however, morphologically distinct from E. nemorosa. Some geographic differentiation was observed between plants of E. nemorosa from Newfoundland and those from Quebec, but not enough to warrant the recognition of infraspecific taxa. No evidence of hybridization between E. nemorosa and E. stricta was found. Key words: Euphrasia borealis, Euphrasia nemorosa, Euphrasia stricta, numerical analysis, North America, hybridization.

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Morphological and molecular characterisation of Panagrellus spp. (Cephalobina: Panagrolaimidae): taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854106779799277 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 921-938 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. Patricia Stock ◽

Steven Nadler

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Single Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Tree Topologies

AbstractThe genus Panagrellus currently comprises 12 known species. These nematodes have a worldwide distribution and have been found in a variety of habitats such as slime flux, thermal springs, insect frass and spoiled cider. Diagnosis of Panagrellus species is rather problematic since few morphological features can be used to discriminate between species and the original publications do not indicate the number of specimens measured and lack standard descriptions of variance. In this study we review the taxonomic status of several species from this genus combining classical morphological data and molecular sequences. Eleven live isolates and fixed material from currently available type specimens representing six Panagrellus species were included. Morphological analysis included the examination of qualitative and quantitative characters of males and females. The taxonomic utility of morphometric data was evaluated by means of multivariate statistics (principal component and canonical discriminant analyses). Phylogenetic inference was based on analysis of nucleotide sequences from the LSU rDNA gene and morphological characters. Parsimony tree topologies inferred from nucleotide datasets strongly supported monophyly of the P. dubius isolates, but not the P. redivivus isolates. Phylogenetic interpretation of these rDNA sequence data suggests that both the P. redivivus and P. dubius isolates each include more than a single species. Only two of the 15 morphological characters evaluated were variable within the ingroup taxa. A long spicule bifurcation length maps on the combined evidence trees as a putative synapmorphy for P. dubius, whereas male D% was homoplastic within isolates of that species. The diagnosis of the genus Panagrellus is emended.

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An assessment of the taxonomic validity of three species of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) from the Yungas of Bolivia based on external morphology and cranial osteology

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5068.2.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5068 (2) ◽

pp. 211-239

Author(s):

CLAUDIA LANSAC ◽

RODRIGO AGUAYO ◽

IGNACIO DE LA RIVA

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Developmental State ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Biological Entity ◽

Nominal Species ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Cranial Osteology

The genus Gastrotheca (Anura: Hemiphractidae) is a group of marsupial frogs particularly diverse in Andean regions. Several taxonomic studies of this genus have been conducted in the humid cloud forests—or Yungas—of the Andean eastern slopes of central Bolivia (departments of Cochabamba and Santa Cruz). Yet, the distinction among three species that occur sympatrically in these forests, G. lauzuricae (proposed as a junior synonym of G. coeruleomaculatus in 2015), G. piperata, and G. splendens, remains unclear since the morphological characters that purportedly support their differentiation are variable and partly shared among them. We have carried out external morphological studies, including multivariate morphometric analyses, to assess how they support the taxonomic status of these three species. We also evaluated characters of the cranial osteology of a sample of six individuals using micro CT-scanning. Principal component and linear discriminant analyses resulted in a great overlap among the putative species. Cranial osteological comparisons did not reveal highly significant differences among them, but suggested that different degrees of hyperossification could be related to the developmental state of individuals. Our results indicate that most morphological and osteological reported differences between the three species likely represent intraspecific variation. Thus, we propose that the three nominal species belong to a single biological entity, for which the name Gastrotheca splendens (Schmidt, 1857) has priority. We also restrict the name Gastrotheca coeruleomaculatus (Werner, 1899) to externally similar congeneric populations from the Yungas forests of department of La Paz, but highlighting the need of a detailed evaluation of their taxonomic identity.

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Morphological and genetic diversity of Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) in Iran

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.37427/botcro-2021-012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mostafa Ebadi ◽

Rosa Eftekharian

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽

Cauline Leaf ◽

Senecio Vulgaris ◽

Molecular Features ◽

Principal Coordinates

Senecio vulgaris L., an annual herb belonging to the Asteraceae, is widely distributed in different regions of the world. There is no information on the intraspecific variations of the morphological and molecular features of this species. In the present investigation, we studied the morphological and genetic diversity of 81 accessions of S. vulgaris collected from 10 geographical populations. Eleven inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used for the examination of genetic variations among the populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and GST analyses revealed significant differences among the investigated populations. A significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance was revealed by the Mantel test. However, reticulation analysis indicated the occurrence of gene flow among most of the populations studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot showed that the number of capitula, length of the cauline leaf and plant height were the most variable morphological characters. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plot revealed two groups of populations, according to molecular and morphological data. The results suggested the existence of possible intraspecific taxonomic ranks within this species.

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Taxonomy, natural history, and conservation of the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) (Thraupidae, Sporophilinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4442.4.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4442 (4) ◽

pp. 551 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

FLÁVIO KULAIF UBAID ◽

LUÍS FABIO SILVEIRA ◽

CESAR A. B. MEDOLAGO ◽

THIAGO V. V. COSTA ◽

MERCIVAL ROBERTO FRANCISCO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

South America ◽

Captive Breeding ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Bird Species ◽

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

History Of

Seed-finches are small-sized Neotropical granivorous birds characterized by extremely strong and thick beaks. Among these birds, the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani has been selectively and intensively trapped to the extent that has become one of the most endangered bird species in South America, yet its taxonomy remains complex and controversial. Two subspecies have been recognized: S. m. maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851), mainly from the Cerrado of central South America, and S. m. parkesi Olson (= Oryzoborus m. magnirostris), from northeastern South America. Originally, S. m. parkesi was diagnosed as being larger than the Large-billed Seed-Finch, S. c. crassirostris (Gmelin, 1789), but proper comparisons with S. m. maximiliani, which is larger than S. c. crassirostris, were never performed. Here we provide a review of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of S. maximiliani, reevaluate the validity and taxonomic status of the subspecies based on morphological characters, and significantly revise its geographic distribution. Analyses based on plumage patterns and a Principal Component Analysis of morphometric characters indicated that S. m. parkesi is most appropriately treated as a synonym of the nominate taxon, which results in a monotypic S. maximiliani comprising two disjunct populations. Further, we conducted systematic searches for S. maximiliani in Brazil, in an attempt to obtain natural history information. After more than 6,000 hours of fieldwork in 45 areas of potential and historical occurrence, S. maximiliani was located only in two sites, in marshy environments called veredas, confirming the critical conservation status of this species, at least in Brazil. We discuss the conservation potential for, and the problems involved with, captive breeding of S. maximiliani for reintroduction into the wild.

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Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4861.3.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4861 (3) ◽

pp. 429-443

Author(s):

CAROLINA PIRES ◽

MARCELO WEKSLER ◽

CIBELE R. BONVICINO

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Variation ◽

Morphological Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Other ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Living Species ◽

Qualitative Characters

The region of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is one of the most important karstic areas of the Brazilian Quaternary due to the faunistic diversity of living and extinct forms. Among them, some taxa remain poorly studied, as is the case of Calomys anoblepas Winge 1887. Despite the recent allocation of the taxon within Juliomys, its description and morphological analysis are condensed, based on comparative few specimens and on few informative characters. In this study, we investigate characters proposed to distinguish species of Juliomys, and reevaluate the taxonomic status of the fossil Juliomys anoblepas. We analyzed 80 cranio-dental morphological characters in 233 specimens represented by the four species currently recognized: J. pictipes (Osgood 1933), J. rimofrons Oliveira & Bonvicino 2002, J. ossitenuis Costa, Pavan, Leite & Fagundes 2007, and J. ximenezi Christoff, Vieira, Oliveira, Gonçalves, Valiati & Tomasi 2016. We also performed principal component analysis on eight craniodental measurements available for the J. anoblepas hypodigm. The review of morphological systems and the evaluation of the characters used in the literature revealed that there are no diagnostic characters in the anterior portion of the skull and in the molar series of Juliomys, being difficult to differentiate the fossil from the other living species. Only six qualitative characters were variable and applicable to the hypodigm of J. anoblepas. Characters are polymorphic, invariable, or the fossil is not sufficiently complete to determinate its states. The taxon could not be morphometrically differentiated from J. pictipes and J. ossitenuis. Based on the results presented herein, we consider J. anoblepas as a nomen dubium and restrict its name to the taxon’s hypodigm.

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Phenetic analysis of the complex Senna fabrisii—S. trichosepala (Leguminosae, Caesalpiniodeae, Aphyllae) based on morphological characters and seed protein electrophoretic profiles

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.145.1.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 145 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Federico O. Robbiati ◽

Alícia Lamarque ◽

Ana M. Anton ◽

Renée H. Fortunato

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Electrophoretic Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

High Degree ◽

Univariate Analyses

Multivariate and univariate analyses based on morphological characters and seed soluble protein electrophoretic profiles were carried out in order to understand the taxonomic status within the complex S. fabrisii-S. trichosepala. Twenty morphological characters from herbarium specimens were recorded and analyzed by ANOVA, principal component and cluster analysis. The seed protein electrophoretic analysis including cluster analysis was based on three populations: one of S. fabrisii and two of S. trichosepala. The results showed that both taxa differed only by three morphological features; in parallel, the CPA and CA demonstrate that no clearly separated group can be recognized. The seed protein electrophoretic profiles show a high degree of similarity. Based on these results, and due to the variability observed, the inclusion of S. fabrisii in the synonymy of S. trichosepala is proposed.

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TAXONOMIC REVISION OF NIGERIAN SPECIES OF Capsicum L. BASED ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

Acta Scientifica Malaysia ◽

10.26480/asm.02.2021.43.46 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 43-46

Author(s):

Adeyinka O. Adepoju ◽

Tunde J. Ogunkunle ◽

Abiola G. Femi-Adepoju

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Euclidean Distance ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Infrageneric Classification ◽

Reproductive Morphology ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Squared Euclidean Distance

Species of Capsicum L. are closely related plants whose taxonomic status has remained controversial among different taxonomists. This study was designed to examine the taxonomic status of the species of Capsicum in Nigeria in order to establish the genetic variation between the species for the purpose of identification, as well as review the infrageneric classification (INC) of the members of the genus. Germplasm collection of the seeds of five cultivars of Capsicum were regenerated and nurtured to fruiting. Variations in their vegetative and reproductive morphology were macroscopically evaluated in replicates of 30 individuals per cultivar for each character, which equals 150 samples altogether. The cultivars of each species was hierarchically clustered as operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using Ward’s method with squared Euclidean distance. Artificial key was also constructed for the identification of the species in the genus. The twenty-three (23) morphological characters adopted gave useful insights into the INC of the species and were sufficiently diagnostic of the species as evidenced by the artificial key. Through this study, some light has been shed on the delimitation of species and varieties of the Nigerian Capsicum.

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Integrative taxonomy confirms the species status of the Himalayan langurs, Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson 1840

10.1101/602243 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kunal Arekar ◽

S. Sathyakumar ◽

K. Praveen Karanth

Keyword(s):

Taxonomic Status ◽

Single Species ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Integrative Taxonomy ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Species Status ◽

Species Identity ◽

Hanuman Langur ◽

As Species

AbstractTaxonomy is replete with groups where the species identity and classification remain unresolved. One such group is the widely distributed Hanuman langur (Colobinae: Semnopithecus). For most part of the last century, Hanuman langur was considered to be a single species with multiple subspecies. Nevertheless, recent studies using an integrative taxonomy approach suggested that this taxon is a complex, with at least three species. However, these studies did not include the Himalayan population of the Hanuman langur whose taxonomic status remains unresolved. The Himalayan population of Hanuman langurs have been classified as a distinct species with multiple subspecies or have been subsumed into other species. These classification schemes are wholly based on morphological characters and which are sometimes insufficient to delimit different species. Here, we have integrated data from multiple sources viz. morphology, DNA, and ecology to resolve the taxonomy of the Himalayan langur and to understand its distribution limit. Our results with three lines of evidence corresponding to three different species concepts show that Himalayan langur is a distinct species from S. entellus of the plains. Additionally, these results did not show any support for splitting of the Himalayan langur into multiple subspecies. Our study supports the classification proposed by Hill (1939) and we recommend Semnopithecus schistaceus, Hodgson 1840 as species name for the Himalayan langur and subsume all the known subspecies into it.

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On the taxonomic status of Oriental populations of the genus Bosminopsis Richard, 1895 (Crustacea: Cladocera)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5052 (2) ◽

pp. 111-129

Author(s):

PETR G. GARIBIAN ◽

LA-ORSRI SANOAMUANG ◽

ALEXEY A. KOTOV

Keyword(s):

Cryptic Species ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

New Guinea ◽

Single Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Small Spine ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Almost All

It is widely accepted among the Cladocera (Crustacea) taxonomists that almost all “cosmopolitan” taxa are represented by some un-revised complexes of cryptic species. But many macro taxa of the cladocerans are still unrevised. The aim of this work is to analyze the taxonomic status of Oriental populations of the genus Bosminopsis Richard, 1895 (Anomopoda: Bosminidae) based on morphological characters. We have studied populations from India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea and concluded that Oriental populations belong to a single species, Bosminopsis africanus (Daday, 1908), initially described from Africa. Analysis of literature data confirms that is widely distributed through whole Oriental zone. A single large mucro, or the mucro accompanied by an additional small spine in both sexes, is the main trait which differentiates B. africanus from B. zernowi Linko, 1901 distributed in more northern regions of Eurasia.

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Generic relationships within Leonticeae (Berberidaceae)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b89-295 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (8) ◽

pp. 2310-2316 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Henry Loconte ◽

James R. Estes

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Eastern Asia ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Generic Relationships

Phenetic analyses of morphological characters of Leonticeae reveal three distinct groups of operational taxonomic units corresponding to genera. The genera Leontice and Gymnospermium of Eurasia are pheneticlly equidistant from Caulophyllum, which occurs in eastern Asia and eastern North America. On the basis of phenetic similarity, L. kiangnanensis is transferred to Gymnospermium as G. kiangnanensis.

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