Taxonomic implications of gamete fusions in the parasitic brown alga Herpodiscus durvillaeae

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1398-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira F. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
Durvillaea Antarctica ◽  
Taxonomic Implications

Field material of Herpodiscus durvillaeae, a New Zealand endemic parasitic brown alga growing in the thalli of Durvillaea antarctica, was studied in the laboratory. Pale zoids released from diminutive gametophytes, which were attached to the walls of unilocular sporangia and vegetative filaments of Herpodiscus, acted as isogametes. A heteromorphic life cycle with alternation of an endophytic parasitic sporophyte and a diminutive gametophyte is thus proposed for H. durvillaeae, and taxonomic implications of this life history are discussed. Key words: Herpodiscus durvillaeae, sexuality, life history, Phaeophyceae, Durvillaea antarctica, parasite.

PROBING FOR STRONTIUM PATTERNS IN OTOLITHS OF COMMON BULLIES FROM THE CLUTHA RIVER, NEW ZEALAND

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MARKWITZ ◽  
B. BARRY ◽  
G. CLOSS ◽  
M. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Juvenile Phase ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fish Otoliths ◽  
Gobiomorphus Cotidianus

Common bullies, Gobiomorphus cotidianus, are a widespread small New Zealand freshwater fish, with a life-cycle that may include an optional juvenile marine phase. We used the strontium variation in fish otoliths in an attempt to track the life history of the individual fish since the interlayer variation reflect the exposure of fish to background environmental levels of Sr at the time of deposition. One possible mechanism by which Sr can be enriched in otoliths is by seawater, which usually has a higher Sr/Ca ratio than fresh water. Locally resolved elemental measurements with a proton microprobe enable therefore the detection of variation in Sr that may reflect single or multiple migrations of freshwater fish into seawater. The most striking feature of this study is the observation of high Sr/Ca ratios in the cores of all otoliths, including those from fish caught 50 km inland. This suggests different environments in the life cycle of common bullies in the lower reaches of the Clutha river. A marine juvenile phase may be a common feature. Preliminary area scans were used to select suitable transects for detailed line scans which gave greatly improved statistics.

Natural Enemies of Sirex cyaneus, Fabr., in England and their Life-history

1928 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Chrystal ◽  
J. G. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Host Larva ◽  
Young Larva ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Rhyssa persuasoria and Ibalia leucospoides, both parasitic on Sirex cyaneus, have been studied at Oxford.Rhyssa lays its eggs in the burrow of and near to the almost or quite full-fed host larva or the pupa, by piercing the solid wood with itsovipositor. Feeding is entirely ectoparasitic and takes only a few weeks, during which the host larva may burrow a little further. The winter is passed by Rhyssa as a resting larva. Pupation takes place in the spring, and the whole life-cycle normally occupies one year.Ibalia oviposits in the young larva just before ormore rarely just after hatching, utilising the oviposition-bores of the Sirex for this purpose. The first-stage larva is elongate, with sickle-shaped mandibles, and larval feeding seems wholly endoparasitic. Sirex larvae parasitised by Ibalia confine their boring largely to the outer portions of the trunk, and usually make their final cell just under and approximately parallel to the surface. The life-cycle of Ibalia requires at least two years.Owing to the very different instars which they attack, there seems no risk of superparasitism of Ibalia by Rhyssa or vice versa, and it is therefore suggested that both species be introduced into New Zealand as a measure against Sirex juvencus, which is there very destructive to plantations of Pinus radiata.

scholarly journals A pest of stuffed museum specimen Anthrenus scrophulariae (L.) (Coleoptera: Dermistidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
A Md Ariful Hasan ◽  
Md Delowar Hossain ◽  
Md Mahbub Hasan ◽  
Md Safinur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Museum Specimen ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coleopteran Insect

A pest of stuffed museum specimen, Anthrenus scrophulariae is known as carpet beetle. It is a serious and destructive coleopteran insect to stuffed and preserved museum bird and mammal specimens. The larvae devoured the feather, hair and skin of stuffed animals. The stuffed animals became feather or hairless and ultimately destroyed. Food and feeding habits and development of larvae were evaluated. The life history also observed in room temperature. Mean length of mature larvae was 3.16±072; 3.11±054; 2.75±077; 2.92±046 and 2.81±059 mm for feather, leather of goat and cow, dried cocoon of silkworm, dried insects and hair of mammal respectively. Number of eggs varied from 41-54 with a mean of 47.80 in the case of females which supplied food. No food supplied female laid 28-33 eggs. The mean length and breadth of eggs was 0.43±.112 and 0.212±0.54 respectively. Incubation period varied from 12-18 days. Larval period was varied from 140-148 days. Larvae passed 6 instar larvae is brownish in colour and very hairy. Pupal period varied 18-20 days. Mean length of pupae was 3.75±0.30 and breadth 1.87±0.05 mm. The duration to the life cycle (egg to the death of adult) of the carpet beetle, A. scrophulariae was ranged 182-199 days. Key words: museum specimen A. scrophulariae Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 99-102

Production of uredinia and telia by stalactiform blister rust in British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. van der Kamp
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Dry Areas ◽  
Do So

Records of uredinia and telia production on the alternate hosts of Cronartium coleosporioides in British Columbia and inoculation of Castilleja miniata with aeciospores collected from various locations showed that rust isolates from dry areas of the interior of British Columbia do not produce uredinia and may have lost the ability to do so. Collections from somewhat wetter areas produced uredinia or mixtures of uredinia and telia immediately following aeciospore inoculations, and field collections from such areas in June commonly had mixtures of uredinia and telia. Loss of the uredinial stage may be a response to climates that are often unsuitable for the spread or survival of the rust on the alternate host. Key words: stalactiform rust, uredinia, telia, rust life cycle.

A field study of competition and interaction between Lemna minor and Lemna trisulca

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2904-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. McIlraith ◽  
Gordon G. C. Robinson ◽  
Jennifer M. Shay
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Vegetative Biomass

Field experiments and survey methods were used to assess competition and interaction between Lemna minor L. and Lemna trisulca L. at Delta Marsh, Manitoba. Sites were dominated by one or the other species or codominated by both. Replacement series experiments predicted codominance of L. minor and L. trisulca in an unshaded eutrophic site but predicted L. minor dominance when run for a longer time. Similar experiments conducted in a shaded eutrophic site predicted L. minor dominance. Addition series experiments showed that intraspecific and interspecific competition occurred in the unshaded site. In a eutrophic unshaded ditch, high densities of L. minor suppressed L. trisulca. In a eutrophic shaded site, high densities of L. minor and green algae inhibited L. trisulca, and in a sunny, less eutrophic site high density of each species inhibited the other. In a transplant experiment, L. minor biomass in shaded enclosures approached that found naturally in two shaded sites. Lemna trisulca persisted when shaded. Vegetative biomass trends in an unshaded eutrophic marsh ditch indicated spring and fall L. trisulca dominance and summer L. minor dominance. Shaded eutrophic sites were dominated by L. minor, whereas a less eutrophic site was dominated by L. trisulca. A model is developed to explain dominance patterns, and seasonal life-history responses are considered. Key words: Lemna, duckweed, competition, interaction, resources, light, nutrients.

Chrysomyxa abietis (needle rust of fir).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract C. abietis is a microcyclic rust fungus; an obligate parasite completing its life cycle on species of Picea (spruce). Only the current year's needles of Picea are infected and those needles are shed early. Reported from northern Europe and Asia, the fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA. It is absent from North America, where susceptible species are native, and Australia and New Zealand, where they are introduced. Although usually not a significant problem in its native range, because conditions are not favourable for heavy infections every year (Smith et al., 1988; Hansen, 1997), this rust could be more damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Due to the fact that small amounts of infection may be overlooked, accidental introduction could occur through importation of infected seedlings or young trees.

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