Pectinolytic activity and isozymes in European Armillaria species

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2732-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Wahlström ◽  
Jan-Olof Karlsson ◽  
Ottmar Holdenrieder ◽  
Jan Stenlid
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Isozyme Patterns ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Pectinolytic Activity ◽  
Pectin Esterase ◽  
Armillaria Gallica ◽  
Armillaria Cepistipes ◽  
Armillaria Species

Pectinolytic activities in Armillaria ostoyae, Armillaria mellea, Armillaria gallica, Armillaria borealis, and Armillaria cepistipes were assessed by measuring the ability of fungal strains to reduce the viscosity of their pectic growth media. Isozyme patterns of pectin esterases and polygalacturonases were determined directly from the culture filtrate. A total of 94 strains, representing isolations from various parts of Europe, were analyzed for their isozyme patterns. Armillaria mellea and A. borealis caused a 50% reduction in viscosity within 7 and 9 days, respectively. Growth medium from the other species were slower to reach the 50% level, i.e., means were 13 days for A. ostoyae and 17 days for A. cepistipes and A. gallica. All species produced more isozymes on spruce wood than on citrus pectin medium, and pectic isozyme patterns differed between media. The pectic isozyme pattern for A. mellea differed distinctly from those of the other four species by having two bands of polygalacturonase not found in the others. The pectic isozyme patterns of the other four species were separated using multivariate analysis. The value of such analyses for use in distinguishing between European Armillaria species is discussed, as is the relation between enzyme activity and fungal pathogenicity. Key words: root rot, diagnostic tests, Agaricales, polygalacturonase, pectin esterase.

scholarly journals Role of Armillaria species on tree dying in Turkey oak and Hungarian oak forest in Lipovica

2006 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Nenad Keca ◽  
Dragan Karadzic
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Turkey Oak ◽  
Armillaria Gallica ◽  
Armillaria Species

The species and population structure of Armillaria species were studied in Turkey oak and Hungarian oak forest. Two species were observed, Armillaria gallica and A. mellea. Armillaria mellea was found on only one tree, and A. gallica was found on seven trees. Four gewets of A. gallica were observed of which two were represented only by one isolate each, while two covered the area of 5 and 9 areas respectively.

scholarly journals Resin canals in spruce (Picea abis /L./ Karst.) with the occurrence of reaction wood

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Gryc ◽  
Petr Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Compression Wood ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Resin Canal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Resin Canals

The paper was aimed at the determination of variability of horizontal resin canal dimension in spruce wood in relation to the position in a spruce stem. Significant changes of dimensions in horizontal resin canal along the stem length and radius were found. On the basis obtained of results 3D models (for CW, OW, SWL and SWP zones) describing changes in resin canal dimensions in spruce in relation to the position in a stem were created. In the models, the resin canal dimension decreases with the height of a stem and on the other hand, with an increasing distance from the stem pith the dimension of resin canal increases. The importance of the paper consists in the enlargement of findings about the structure of spruce with compression wood.

scholarly journals Pengolahan Sampah Buah dan Sayur dari Pasar Induk Mandalika Kota Mataram Nusa Tenggara Barat Sebagai Media Tumbuh Fusarium sp Inokulan Gaharu

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
I Gde Adi Suryawan Wangiyana ◽  
Arbi Sanjaya ◽  
Lutfi Anggadhania
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Taxonomical Study ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this research is to process fruit waste and vegetable waste from Mandalika Market at Mataram City as growth medium for Fusarium Sp agarwood inoculant. Collected fruit waste and vegetable waste were processed by grinding and filtrating into filtrate part and residue part. Filtrate part and residue part were formulated as combination growth media including: Fruit waste filtrate, vegetable waste filtrate, mix fruit-vegetable waste filtrate, fruit waste residue, vegetable waste residue and mix fruit-vegetable residue. Fusarium Sp. were sub-cultured into PDA before cultured on combination growth media. Colony diameter of Fusarium isolates were measured every day for seven days incubation period. Fusarium Sp. growth on media from fruit waste was better than its growth on media from vegetable waste. Fusarium Sp. has higher colony diameter on residue growth media compare to its colony diameter on filtrate growth media. On the other hand, filtrate growth media could support Fusarium Sp. to produce several pigmentations. This pigmentation could be an important key character for further taxonomical study. It could be concluded that fruit waste and vegetable waste from residue part could support maximum diameter colony of Fusarium Sp. while filtrate part of this waste could support Fusarium Sp. to produce pigmentation for taxonomical purpose.

Identification of Armillaria species isolated from bigtooth aspen based on rDNA RFLP analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Frontz ◽  
D D Davis ◽  
B A Bunyard ◽  
D J Royse
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
5S Rrna Gene ◽  
Aspen Tree ◽  
Armillaria Gallica ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Armillaria Species

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) of the intergenic region (IGR-1) between the 3 ' end of the 26S ribosomal RNA gene and the 5 ' end of the 5S rRNA gene was used to identify 39 isolates of Armillaria species collected from live or recently dead bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata Michx.) trees and sucker sprouts in the Tioga State Forest, Pennsylvania. The unknown isolates were identified by comparing their restriction fragment patterns with 18 isolates of known Armillaria species common to the northeastern United States. Twenty of the unknown isolates (50%) were identified as either Armillaria gallica or Armillaria calvescens. Eighteen (46%) of the isolates were identified as Armillaria ostoyae. One isolate of Armillaria sinapina was obtained from a recently dead aspen tree. One isolate of Armillaria mellea, considered to be the most divergent of the Armillaria species, was obtained from basidiomes fruiting on a recently dead aspen tree near Berwick, Pennsylvania. In some instances, amplification of DNA was possible by adding mycelial scrapes directly to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mix, thus precluding the need for DNA extraction. Advancements in RFLP analysis may offer a method able to provide rapid and precise identification of most North American and European Armillaria isolates.

Comparison of eight Pisolithustinctorius isolates for growth rate, enzyme activity, and phytohormone production

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Ho
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Isozyme Patterns ◽  
Gibberellin Production ◽  
Alkaline And Acid Phosphatase

Eight isolates of Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch (three each from Georgia and northern California and one each from Oregon and Washington) were compared invitro for growth rate, for alkaline and acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase activities, for acid phosphatase isozyme patterns, and for cytokinin, indoleacetic acid, and gibberellin production. Significant differences appeared between isolates for each parameter examined. All isolates showed relatively low phosphatase and nitrate reductase activities. Isolate S-359 from northern California grew the slowest in culture and produced significantly more indoleacetic acid than all other isolates and more cytokinin than six of the other seven isolates; this isolate was also the only one of the eight that did not share at least one acid phosphatase allele with the others in the isozyme analysis.

Analysis of Emissions from Selected Wood Charcoal Species Combustion

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 1645-1648
Author(s):  
Vojtech Dirner ◽  
Albin Dobeš ◽  
Alexander Király
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Yield

This study quantified selected emissions (carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides) that are produced during combustion of beech wood, birch wood and spruce wood charcoal in the combustion tube furnace. The maximum concentration of carbon monoxide and also the nitrogen oxides have been measured in the case of the spruce wood charcoal. The minimum concentration of carbon monoxide and also nitrogen oxides have been measured in the case of the beech wood charcoal. Although the difference between maximum emissions concentration of examined samples has been smooth. The comparison of obtained results with data published by previous studies can be made a suggestion, that the maximum concentrations of measured emissions are higher for wood than for charcoal. The nitrogen oxides yield per weight loss is higher for wood than for charcoal. On the other hand the carbon monoxide yield is higher for charcoal than for wood.

Interactions between nitrogen sources and xylose affecting growth, sporulation, and polyphenoloxidase activity in Bipolaris maydis race T

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2102-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Evans ◽  
Candace L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Bipolaris Maydis

The effect of 23 organic and 3 inorganic nitrogen sources on growth, sporulation, and polyphenoloxidase activity was measured in Bipolaris maydis race T incubated with or without a xylose supplement. Mycelial dry weight tends to be highest on acidic and other polar amino acids and least on nonpolar ones; organic nitrogen sources generally result in greater dry weight than inorganic ones. Changes in nitrogen concentration and pH of media influence growth and sporulation, but only pH alters the relative effectiveness of the nitrogen sources on these processes. The addition of xylose to the growth media has little effect on growth. However, in the presence of lysine, serine, asparagine, glycine, γ-alanine, alanine, and α-aminobutyrate, xylose causes an increase in sporulation and a concomitant decrease in polyphenoloxidase activity. There is no consistent pattern resulting from xylose addition in the presence of the other nitrogen sources.

scholarly journals The test of eight tree species resistance to the attack of Armillaria mellea and A. ostoyae by artificial infection

2010 ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Keca
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Serbian Spruce ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Present Understanding ◽  
Armillaria Species

In the forest ecosystems in Serbia five Armillaria species are present. Understanding differences in the pathogenicity of Armillaria species to the tree species is of a great importance for the foresters. The aim of study was to test susceptibility of eight forest tree species to attack of Armillaria mellea and A. ostoyae. The sticks of Hazel previously infected with mycelium of two Armillaria were placed next to the root collar of two years old seediling. In the period of eighteen months health status of tested seedlings was observed. Differences in susceptibility among tested tree species was observed, while there was no difference in the pathogenicity between Armillaria mellea and A. ostoyae. The most susceptible species were Serbian Spruce, Common Fir, Scots and Austrian Pine, following by Spruce and Douglas Fir, while more resistant were Pedunculate and Sessile oak.

3D Modelling of Hydric Transfers in Spruce Wood with Consideration of Sorption Hysteresis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroua Maaroufi ◽  
Kamilia Abahri ◽  
Alexandra Bourdot ◽  
Chady El Hachem
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hysteresis Phenomenon ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Acoustic Insulation ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Sorption Hysteresis

Buildings are responsible for a large portion of the total energy consumption, and have a heavy environmental impact. Wood is one of the most used bio-based building materials, as it helps reducing the environmental footprint of the construction sector. Spruce wood is widely available in France and therefore massively used in buildings. It has interesting thermal and acoustic insulation performances and a good hydric regulation property. Spruce wood microstructure is highly heterogeneous and multiphasic, which makes it harder to apprehend. On the other hand, sorption hysteresis phenomenon is responsible for the moisture accumulation in porous building materials. It is often neglected in hygrothermal transfers modelling, which leads to incorrect water content values. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the sorption hysteresis phenomenon on the hydric transfers of spruce wood. The heterogeneity of the microstructure is also considered through 3D tomographic reconstructions included in the modelling.

DECAY OF TREMBLING ASPEN

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Basham
Keyword(s):  
Decay Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Fungi Imperfecti

A total of 1754 aspen trees were examined on 47 sample plots located in even-aged stands considered representative of the study area. Decay was found in the merchantable portions of the trunks of 1212 or 69% of these trees. Three types of heart rot were encountered, viz., a white spongy trunk or butt rot and a yellow stringy trunk rot associated respectively with Fomes igniarius var. populinus (Neu.) Campb., and Radulum casearium (Morgan) Lloyd; and stringy butt rots from which several fungi, notably Pholiota spectabilis Fr. and Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Quél., were isolated. Two heartwood stains, one brown and the other mottled red, were present in many of the aspen trees examined. Corticium polygonium Pers. and two members of the Fungi Imperfecti, Libertella sp. and Phialophora alba van Beyma, were consistently isolated from these stains and from incipient decays. Fructifications of F. igniarius were the most reliable external indication of heart rot in this species. A pronounced relationship existed between age and decay. Older stands as a rule contained higher proportions of decayed heartwood than young stands. A less pronounced relationship was found to exist between soil conditions and decay; trees occurring on drier sites were somewhat more decadent than those growing on moist sites. The possible reasons why the decay process in the heartwood of living aspen is one in which certain fungi, mainly Fungi Imperfecti, colonize and stain the wood prior to its invasion and destruction by the Basidiomycetes associated with advanced decay are discussed.

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