Interactions between nitrogen sources and xylose affecting growth, sporulation, and polyphenoloxidase activity in Bipolaris maydis race T

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2102-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Evans ◽  
Candace L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Bipolaris Maydis

The effect of 23 organic and 3 inorganic nitrogen sources on growth, sporulation, and polyphenoloxidase activity was measured in Bipolaris maydis race T incubated with or without a xylose supplement. Mycelial dry weight tends to be highest on acidic and other polar amino acids and least on nonpolar ones; organic nitrogen sources generally result in greater dry weight than inorganic ones. Changes in nitrogen concentration and pH of media influence growth and sporulation, but only pH alters the relative effectiveness of the nitrogen sources on these processes. The addition of xylose to the growth media has little effect on growth. However, in the presence of lysine, serine, asparagine, glycine, γ-alanine, alanine, and α-aminobutyrate, xylose causes an increase in sporulation and a concomitant decrease in polyphenoloxidase activity. There is no consistent pattern resulting from xylose addition in the presence of the other nitrogen sources.

Nitrogen requirements of the fungal endophytes of Arundina chinensis

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Stephen ◽  
K. K. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen

The nitrogen requirements of two Rhizoctonia fungus endophytes of the orchid Arundina chinensis are reported. Both isolates were capable of using ammonium and organic nitrogen but not nitrate or atmospheric nitrogen. Glutamic acid and urea were the best of the nitrogen sources tested followed by arginine, then asparagine. Proline and methionine were not used. The addition of a mixture of vitamins to the amino acids increased growth of one of the isolates but not the other. Yeast extract supported greatest growth.

Nitrogen nutrition and regulation of cephalosporin production in Streptomyces clavuligerus

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Aharonowitz ◽  
Arnold L. Demain
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Streptomyces Clavuligerus ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Repressive Effect

When used as sole nitrogen source, certain amino acids (e.g., proline, asparagine) supported both growth and sporulation by Streptomyces clavuligerus streaked onto solid defined medium. Ammonium supported growth but suppressed sporulation. Amino nitrogen was best for cephalosporin production in liquid defined medium, although urea was almost as useful. A comparison of amino acids showed asparagine and glutamine to be the best nitrogen sources and arginine to be almost as good. Ammonium salts supported a somewhat lower growth rate than asparagine, but antibiotic production was very poor on these inorganic nitrogen sources. Addition of ammonium to asparagine did not affect growth rate but increased mycelial mass; cephalosporin production was reduced by about 75%. Antibiotic production was more closely associated with growth in the absence of ammonium than in its presence, indicating a strong inhibitory and (or) repressive effect of NH4+ on antibiotic production. Ammonium exerted its negative effect when added at 24 h or earlier, i.e. before antibiotic formation began.

Response of strains of Rhizobium on nodulation, grain yield, protein and amino acids content of chick pea (Cicer arietinum Linn.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai ◽  
S. N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Alkali Soil ◽  
Nodulation Capacity

SummaryNine strains of Rhizobium sp. were studied in vivo for their nodulation capacity, leghaemoglobin content, grain yield, crude protein and 16 amino acids content, in the chick pea variety C 235 grown on a calcareous saline alkali soil. There was no significant correlation between grain yield and number of nodules (r = 0·37) or dry weight of nodules (r = 0·29), but grain yield was significantly correlated with leghaemoglobin content of nodules (r = 0·95). Of the 16 amino acids analysed in seed samples, aspartic, glutamic, proline and histidine were greatest with strain H 45; glycine, leucine and arginine with strain F 6; norleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine with strain KG 38; and alanine and valine were greatest with strain KG 41. Strain KG 38 led to significantly higher grain yield than the other strains.

The growth of Luffa aegyptiaca in response to various nitrogen sources and concentrations

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2283-2287
Author(s):  
Olubukanla T. Okusanya ◽  
Olusola O. Lakanmi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

The growth responses of Luffa aegyptiaca to various nitrogen sources and concentrations were investigated. In sand culture at high concentrations of nitrogen, the species showed equally favourable responses to nitrate nitrogen (KNO3 or Ca(NO3)2), ammonium nitrogen ((NH4)2SO4), and the combination of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen (NH4NO3). There was poor growth in response to NaNO3, CO(NH2)2, and a solution lacking nitrogen. In lateritic soil, the species responded better to ammonium nitrogen and the combination of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen than to nitrate nitrogen. Growth was generally poorer in lateritic soil than in sand. Neither the nitrogen sources nor their concentrations had any significant effect on root weight or the leaf weight ratio. There was a significant decrease in growth as nitrogen concentration decreased in KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 treatments but it was only at the low concentrations of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 that growth was significantly reduced. The shoot: root mass ratio decreased as nitrogen concentration decreased. The nature of the growth media and the ecological habit of the species are used to partly explain its responses to different nitrogen sources and concentrations. The possible application of these results to increasing the production of L. aegyptiaca is also discussed.

scholarly journals Factors influencing mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imdramani Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Better Than

Sclerotial blight of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the destructive diseases in tea growing areas of the world. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to know the optimum conditions for the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii. Factors influencing mycelial growth of S. rolfsii were studied with special reference to their growth in different media, variable pH and variable sources of carbon (viz., 6 types) as well as organic (viz., 4 types) and inorganic (viz., 4 types) nitrogen sources. Maximum growth of pathogen occurred after 8 days of inoculation at pH 6. Dextrose was the most effective carbon source and yeast extract (organic source) was found most optimum for growth of S. rolfsii. Organic nitrogen sources were found to be better than inorganic nitrogen sources. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7466 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 26-31 (2011)

Medium Optimization for the Production of Antioxidants from Aspergillus candidus

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
GOW-CHIN YEN ◽  
YUNG-CHI CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Medium Optimization ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Aspergillus Candidus ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The objective of this study was to optimize the factors for the production of antioxidant from Aspergillus candidus CCRC 31543. Extracts of broth filtrate had higher antioxidant activity (inhibition of peroxidation [IP] >98%) when sucrose or lactose was used as a carbon source. Sucrose in the medium also resulted in a higher yield of extracts. Ethyl acetate extracts had the highest yield and antioxidant activity compared with the other two solvents. For the production of antioxidant, inorganic nitrogen sources were found to be more suitable than organic nitrogen sources, and ammonium sulfate was better than sodium nitrate. Yeast extract had a strong influence on the yield of antioxidant extracts. Both mycelium and broth filtrate of A. candidus CCRC 31543 showed similar antioxidant activity (IP = 95%), and they also had similar extraction yields.

Effects of Additional Stimulants on Phenol Degradation by a Halotolerant Rhodococcus sp. JDD1H

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 914-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Yan Chen ◽  
Duo Duo Jiang ◽  
Yu Bin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rhodococcus Sp

A halotolerant and highly effective phenol-degrading strain, named as JDD1H, was isolated from soil contaminated by petroleum and identified as Rhodococcus sp. Phenol degradation by strain JDD1H in the presence of high salinity, especially the effect of exotic stimulants such as carbon source, nitrogen source and surfactant on phenol degradation was investigated. The results show that strain JDD1H could utilize phenol as sole carbon and energy source to grow in the presence of 5% NaCl with 16 h adaptive phase. The degradation efficiency of 150 mg/L phenol was up to 99.5% within 40 h. Lactose, cane sugar, glucose and mannitol in wide range of 100~2000 mg/L enhanced phenol degradation significantly. Organic nitrogen sources, as peptone and yeast extract, and inorganic nitrogen sources, as NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4, accelerated phenol degradation. Tween-80 with concentration of 50-1000 mg/L restrained phenol degradation and Tween-80 of 1500-2000 mg/L could promote degradation.

scholarly journals Nitrate Promotes Capsaicin Accumulation inCapsicum chinenseImmobilized Placentas

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanny G. Aldana-Iuit ◽  
Enrique Sauri-Duch ◽  
María de Lourdes Miranda-Ham ◽  
Lizbeth A. Castro-Concha ◽  
Luis F. Cuevas-Glory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Scanning Electron Microcopy ◽  
Branched Amino Acids

In chili pepper’s pods, placental tissue is responsible for the synthesis of capsaicinoids (CAPs), the compounds behind their typical hot flavor or pungency, which are synthesized from phenylalanine and branched amino acids. Placental tissue sections from Habanero peppers (Capsicum chinenseJacq.) were immobilized in a calcium alginate matrix and culturedin vitro, either continuously for 28 days or during two 14-day subculture periods. Immobilized placental tissue remained viable and metabolically active for up to 21 days, indicating its ability to interact with media components. CAPs contents abruptly decreased during the first 7 days in culture, probably due to structural damage to the placenta as revealed by scanning electron microcopy. CAPs levels remained low throughout the entire culture period, even though a slight recovery was noted in subcultured placentas. However, doubling the medium’s nitrate content (from 40 to 80 mM) resulted in an important increment, reaching values similar to those of intact pod’s placentas. These data suggest that isolated pepper placentas culturedin vitroremain metabolically active and are capable of metabolizing inorganic nitrogen sources, first into amino acids and, then, channeling them to CAP synthesis.

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrogen Sources Applied by Fertigation to an Enriched Soil with Organic Compost on Growth, Mineral Nutrition, and Phytochemicals Content of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Two Successive Harvests

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Rui M. A. Machado ◽  
Isabel Alves-Pereira ◽  
Yasmin Faty ◽  
Sara Perdigão ◽  
Rui Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Compost

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen source applied by fertigation to an enriched soil with organic compost on plant growth, mineral nutrition, and phytochemical contents in two successive harvests in coriander. The treatments were as follows: unfertilized soil, soil enriched with organic compost, and soil enriched with organic compost to which 60 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate and as ammonium sulfate applied by fertigation were added. Ammonium nitrate addition allowed to obtain a high total fresh yield (3.6 kg m−2) with a low inorganic nitrogen input. Ammonium nitrate increased plant shoot dry weight; fresh yield; and shoot N, K, and Ca uptake in the first harvest. Ammonium nitrate relative to organic compost and to ammonium sulfate increased fresh yield by approximately 57 and 25%, respectively. However, ammonium sulfate in the first harvest greatly increased shoot total phenols, from 137 mgGAE/100 g FW in ammonium nitrate to 280.4 mgGAE/100 g FW. Coriander’s fresh yield, in the second harvest, was unaffected by nitrogen addition. However, ammonium nitrate increased shoot total phenols and FRAP activity. Overall, the shoot phytochemical accumulation in the second harvest was lower than in the first. The combined application of ammonium nitrate and organic compost is a strategy to reduce inorganic nitrogen application.

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