Mefluidide-induced drought resistance in seedlings of three conifer species

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092
Author(s):  
Salim N. Silim ◽  
Robert D. Guy ◽  
Denis P. Lavender
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

Short-term effects of the plant growth retardant mefluidide on drought resistance were investigated in seedlings of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn), yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis D. Don), and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Mefluidide was applied as a root drench at concentrations of 0, 0.1, and 0.4 mg∙L−1. Following this, seedlings were stressed by withholding water for a period of up to 7 days and then watering regularly thereafter. Stomatal conductance of the mefluidide-treated seedlings decreased significantly and remained lower than the control seedlings throughout the stress period. As a result of the decreased conductance, shoot water potentials in mefluidide-treated seedlings remained higher throughout the stress period. There was a decrease in net photosynthesis that was partially caused by stomatal limitations, the severity of which depended upon the concentration of mefluidide applied. Mefluidide treatment also resulted in an accumulation of abscisic acid in all three species, and this may have been responsible for the effects on stomatal conductance and water relations. In contrast, the mefluidide-treated seedlings had the highest rates of photosynthesis after rewatering, resulting primarily from a promotion of stomatal opening. Key words: stomatal conductance, water potential, photosynthesis, plant growth inhibitors, abscisic acid, cold hardiness.

Lignans of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn). VI. Dihydroxythujaplicatin methyl ether

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold MacLean ◽  
Koji Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Data ◽  
Resonance Data ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

Proof of structure is presented for another lignan of the thujaplicatin series, 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(4″-hydroxy-3″,5″-dimethoxybenzyl)-3-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxybenzyl)-butyrolactone (I) (dihydroxythujaplicatin methyl ether). Analytical and spectral (ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance) data on derivatives and degradation products, in addition to the parent compound, are presented.

Selfing and correlated paternity in relation to pollen management in western red cedar seed orchards

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Kermit Ritland ◽  
Allyson Miscampbell ◽  
Annette Van Niejenhuis ◽  
Patti Brown ◽  
John Russell
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

We used microsatellite genetic markers to evaluate the mating system of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) under various seed orchard pollen management schemes. We primarily examined whether supplemental mass pollination (SMP) can reduce the observed selfing rates. Pollen blowing and “hooding” were also examined in smaller tests. Only SMP was consistently effective in reducing the selfing rate, from 30% to 20%. The correlation of paternity was quite high (60%–90%) in two of three orchards, and in these two orchards the application of SMP reduced this correlation by about 10% as well. The correlation of paternity is the fraction of full-sibling vs. half-sibling progeny, and unbiased estimates can be obtained with few loci, even single loci, in contrast to other types of paternity analysis. We also find the microsatellite amplicon sizes should be pooled into “bins” of 2–4 nucleotides, owing to unintended errors of assay; otherwise the estimates are biased. This new feature of mating system estimation was incorporated into the computer program MLTR.

OCCURRENCE OF β-DOLABRIN (4-ISOPROPENYLTROPOLONE) IN WESTERN RED CEDAR (THUJA PLICATA DONN.)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1612-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. F. Gardner ◽  
G. M. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Crystallization ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Salt Precipitation ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Approximate Composition ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

The steam-volatile oil of western red cedar contains traces of a fifth tropolone, β-dolabrin (4-isopropenyltropolone), in addition to α-, β-, and γ-thujaplicin and 7-hydroxy-4-isopropyltropolone. The presence of β-dolabrin, previously obtained from Japanese "Hiba" wood by Nozoe, was detected by paper chromatography and proved by isolation of a sample from the steam-volatile oil by a combination of sodium salt precipitation, fractional crystallization, and preparative paper chromatography. The approximate composition of the steam-volatile oil from butt heartwood is given.

Hybrid biovars of Agrobacterium species isolated from conifer roots

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Bell ◽  
W. D. Ramey
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Discrete Groups ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Cluster 2

A total of 377 heterotrophic bacteria were isolated on nonselective medium from the rhizoplanes of five species of conifer. The species were western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca), and western red cedar (Thuja plicata). Twenty-eight strains from this population were identified as presumptive agrobacteria. All proved nontumourigenic. Principal-component analysis indicated that the strains, which had clustered into two discrete groups, had intermediate biovar characteristics. Cluster 1 was predominately biovar 3/2 in character, cluster 2 was predominately biovar 2/3. All the presumptive agrobacteria were distributed randomly with respect to the tree species. This study demonstrates that agrobacteria, although atypical, do occur in forest soils and attests to the ubiquity of the genus in soil. Key words: Agrobacterium, biovars, crown gall, conifers.

Lignans of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn). VII. Dihydroxythujaplicatin

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 739-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold MacLean ◽  
B. F. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Degradation Studies ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

The structure of a seventh lignan from the hot-water extractive of western red cedar, which was partially separated in a previous paper, has been determined as 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(3″,4″-dihydroxy-5″-methoxybenzyl)-3-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxybenzyl)-butyrolactone (I). This lignan is the fifth member of the thujaplicatin series and is trivially named dihydroxythujaplicatin. Methylation, ethylation, and degradation studies provide proof of structure by comparison with known compounds.

EXPERIMENTS ON THE PRECOCIOUS FLOWERING OF WESTERN RED CEDAR AND FOUR SPECIES OF CUPRESSUS WITH GIBBERELLINS A3 AND A4/A7 MIXTURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1519-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Pharis ◽  
William Morf
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Cupressus Lusitanica ◽  
Precocious Flowering ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

Induction of staminate and ovulate strobili was obtained on western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn) by foliar application of gibberellin A3. Staminate strobili could be induced as early as age 4 months after 3.5 months of treatment under long-day conditions, but further development of the strobilus required a photoperiodic sequence of long-day — short-day — long-day. Induction of the ovulate strobilus may also have occurred under long-day conditions at an early age, but development did not become apparent until the above photoperiodic sequence had been given. Age at this time was 12 months. It is concluded that induction and development of the strobilus is under photoperiodic as well as hormonal control.Foliar application of gibberellin A3 and a gibberellin A4/A7 mixture to pygmy cypress (Cupressus pygmaea Sarg.), Portuguese cypress (Cupressus lusitanica Mill.), and Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica Greene) at age 7–9 months resulted in induction of staminate strobili on all plants. Length of time to flowering varied both with species of plant and gibberellin. Application of gibberellin A3 to Arizona and Portuguese cypress seedlings resulted in production of ovulate as well as staminate strobili at ages 21 and 10 months respectively. Mourning cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl.) still in a juvenile needle stage at age 9 months has proved unresponsive to foliar application of gibberellin A3 for at least 100 days.

Evaluation of mancozeb and propiconazole to control Keithia leaf blight of container-grown western red cedar

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Kope ◽  
D. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Equivalent Efficacy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

Two fungicides, propiconazole (Topas®) and mancozeb (Dithane®), were evaluated for their efficacy to control the foliar disease, Keithia leaf blight (Didymascella thujina) of western redcedar (Thuja plicata), in three container-seedling nurseries in British Columbia, in 1995. At each nursery, five fungicide and a control treatment were applied. Each treatment was applied to one-year-old container-grown seedlings at two nurseries, and to two-year-old container-grown seedlings at the third nursery. The fungicide propiconazole was applied at four rates (0.05, 0.075, 0.125 and 0.250 kg ai 1000L−1 ha−1) every four weeks, and mancozeb at one rate (2.06 kg ai 1000L−1 ha−1) every two weeks, and a water control applied every two weeks. Applications were made from July 10, 1995 until the end of November, 1995. Efficacy and phytotoxicity evaluation of the fungicides was done by subsampling 160 seedlings from each treatment at each nursery in early December, 1995. The results established that blight severity on the one-year-old seedlings was significantly less (p≤0.05) than the controls, for all four propiconazole treatments and the one mancozeb treatment. Blight severity on the two-year-old seedlings was significantly less (p≤0.05) than the controls, for the treatments with the two higher rates of propiconazole (0.125 and 0.250 kg ai 1000L−1 ha−1), as well as the one mancozeb treatment. In general, seedling growth of both the one- and two-year-old seedlings was no different than, nor better than, the control, suggesting that the fungicides were not phytotoxic. Both fungicides, propiconazole and mancozeb, are effective in controlling Keithia leaf blight, however, mancozeb must be applied every 10 to 14 days through the entire growing season (11 applications), whereas propiconazole requires fewer applications (6) through the growing season, for an equivalent efficacy. Key words: Didymascella thujina (Durand) Maire, Thuja plicata (Donn.), cedar leaf blight, nursery seedlings, reforestation

Thujin, a novel lactone isolated from the discolored heartwood of Thuja plicata Donn.

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lehong Jin ◽  
Jack W. Wilson ◽  
Eric P. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

The chemical structure of a novel lactone isolated from the discolored heartwood of living western red cedar (WRC) (Thuja plicata Donn.) trees has been determined as 3,3,4,7,7,8-hexamethyl-2,6-dioxa-1,5-anthracene-dione, and given the trivial name thujin (1). The isolation, purification, and determination of the structure were carried out by a combination of chemical, chromatographic, and spectroscopic methods.

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