Breeding system in an alpine species: Rhododendron ferrugineum L. (Ericaceae) in the French northern Alps

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Escaravage ◽  
André Pornon ◽  
Bernard Doche ◽  
Irene Till-Bottraud
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Selfing Rate ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Rhododendron Ferrugineum ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Alpine Shrub

The breeding system of the alpine shrub Rhododendron ferrugineum was studied at two sites of a population (site L and site H) in the French Alps. The aims were to estimate the degree of selling and (or) outcrossing and to determine if floral traits (including floral morphology, pollen to ovule ratio, stigma receptivity) may be related to the breeding system of the shrub. First, floral traits (corolla length and anther, and style heights) were measured, the number of pollen tetrads and ovules were counted, and the date of stigma receptivity and anther dehiscence were recorded. Second, five pollinations treatments (unmanipulated flowers, natural selfing, hand selfing, natural outcrossing, and hand outcrossing) were performed on 35 randomly chosen individuals in each site, and after each treatment the number of seeds per fruit was recorded. The results demonstrate that Rhododendron ferrugineum is self-compatible (self-compatibility index = 0.95 and 0.97; auto-fertility index = 0.92 and 0.98; selfing rate = 0.24 and 0.11 at sites L and H, respectively). Indices values are not significantly different between the two sites and facultatively xenogamous (pollen to ovule ratio = 669.5 ± 280.5 and 845.2 ± 246.9 at sites L and H, respectively). Key words: breeding system, Rhododendron ferrugineum, floral morphology, phenology, P:O ratio.

Breeding systems and related floral traits in several Erysimum (Cruciferae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2515-2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Nieto Feliner
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
System Data ◽  
Petal Size ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

The breeding system of 13 populations belonging to eight species of Erysimum (Cruciferae) was studied and its relation with the life-span of the plants is discussed. To assess the breeding system of each population, greenhouse tests for apomixis, self-compatibility, and self-pollination were carried out, morphological characters like petal size and anther length were measured and pollen to ovule ratios were computed. The evidence gathered supports the selfing behavior of the three annuals, E. cheiranthoides L., E. incanum G. Kunze, and E. repandum L., and the outcrossing behavior of the perennials E. linifolium (Pers.) Gay, E. asperum (Nutt.) DC, and E. menziesii (Hook.) Wettst. Among those two groups, E. inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacMillan and E. suffruticosum Sprengel apparently occupy an intermediate position, although the former tends more towards autogamy, whereas the latter tends towards allogamy. The importance of the breeding system data in the systematics of this genus, particularly, in studying the apparent links between the Mediterranean annuals and the temperate E. hieracifolium L. group is briefly discussed. Key words: Erysimum, breeding systems, pollen to ovule ratio, life-span.

Possible Reproductive Factors Contributing to Outcrossing in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Knauft ◽  
A. J. Chiyembekeza ◽  
D. W. Gorbet
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Genotype Interaction

Abstract Several peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding lines in the Florida program were highly variable even after constitution from single plant selections after 21 generations of assumed self-pollination. To assess potential causes of this variability a 3-yr study was conducted to determine outcrossing using Krinkle as a genetic marker. There was a significant year by genotype interaction in this study. Two breeding lines with Virginia botanical types averaged almost 1.5% outcrossing, and in 1990 more than 3% of the progeny from these lines were the result of outcrossing. The breeding line Valencia 803 averaged nearly 8% outcrossing, and a second Valencia type, F623, averaged over 4%. The differences in outcrossing among these four lines did not appear to be related to floral morphology, pollen viability, or stigma receptivity, although delayed anther dehiscence may have contributed to the higher outcrossing in Valencia 803.

Breeding system in the cleistogamous species Centaurea melitensis (Asteraceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1632-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Porras ◽  
Jesús Miguel Muñoz Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Selfing Rate ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Chasmogamous Flowers ◽  
Very High

Cleistogamy involves structural, developmental, and functional differences between the open (chasmogamous) and closed (cleistogamous) floral forms produced by a species. Functional differences relate to the breeding system: progeny is obtained partly by obligate selfing, cleistogamous flowers and, at least potentially, by outcrossing, chasmogamous flowers. This study addresses theoretical predictions about the breeding system in Centaurea melitensis L. Comparative analysis of cleistogamous and chasmogamous flower heads produced by this species was based on studies of the morphological features of floral capitula, fruit production, pollen/ovule ratio, pollinators, stigma receptivity, and pollen-tube growth in the absence of pollinators. As expected, cleistogamous heads displayed characteristics typical of an obligate selfing flower. However, two apparently contradictory trends were discerned in chasmogamous heads: (i) a very high selfing rate and own-pollen germination at a very early stage in floral ontogeny, both of which are characteristic of an autogamous breeding system, and (ii) pollinator presence, morphological characteristics, and pollen/ovule ratio consistent with a xenogamous breeding system. Further study is required to determine the outcrossing rate in these capitula.

scholarly journals Correlación morfo-específica en flores de Palicourea padifolia (Rubiaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Hernández ◽  
Juan Francisco Ornelas
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollen Flow ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Corolla Length

Distyly is a floral polymorphism in which about half of the plants in a population have long styles and short stamens (Pin), whereas the remainder possess short styles and long stamens (Thrum). It has been suggested that the relative position of anthers and stigmas in distylous flowers enhances pollen flow between flowers of opposite morphs (legitimate pollination), in comparison to pollen flow between flowers of the same morph (illegitimate pollination). We studied the floral morphology of both floral morphs (six variables) in Palicourea padifolia (Rubiaceae) and found significant differences between floral morphs in floral traits that define the floral polymorphism. However, the correlations between morphological traits that define the floral morphs (morph-specific), and the significant correlations were stronger in the short styled morph. The morph-specific correlation patterns among some of the floral traits suggest differential selective pressures between floral morphs, regardless of corolla length.

Adaptive response of extreme epiphyte Tillandsia species (Bromeliaceae) is demonstrated by different sexual reproduction strategies in the Brazilian Chaco

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-854
Author(s):  
Aline C Gomes ◽  
Bruno H S Ferreira ◽  
Camila S Souza ◽  
Luan M M Arakaki ◽  
Camila Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Reproduction Strategies ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Some epiphytes are adapted to extreme environments with the ability to survive drought as a result of their morphological (xeromorphism), anatomical (foliar trichomes or scales) and physiological features. In contrast to vegetative features, they may have diverse sexual reproductive strategies. Here we compared the flowering morphology, floral biology, breeding system and pollinators of Tillandsia duratii, T. loliacea and T. recurvifolia (Bromeliaceae) adapted to an extreme environment, the Brazilian Chaco. Tillandsia duratii and T. recurvifolia flower for 5–6 months, whereas T. loliaceae flowers for 11 months, mainly in the dry season, with low to high flowering overlap between them. Although these species generally show similar flowering morphology, they differ in size, colour, odour and/or floral functionality, suggesting non-sharing of pollinators among them. Bimodal pollination occurs in T. duratii (bees, moths other than hawkmoths) and T. recurvifolia (butterflies, hummingbirds); in T. loliacea, we recorded no floral visitors. Tillandsia recurvifolia is self-incompatible, has flowers which approach herkogamy and protandry, and depends on pollen vectors for fruit set. The other two species show reverse herkogamy, autonomous self-pollination and self-compatibility (mixed breeding system); therefore, pollinators are not required. The disparity in reproductive strategies among the three species suggests the possibility of selection for diverse modes of reproduction.

The Impact of Global Warming on Floral Traits That Affect the Selfing Rate in a High-Altitude Plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 174 (8) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Van Etten ◽  
Johanne Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Selfing Rate ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Relationship between Degree of Self-compatibility and Floral Traits in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. (Liliaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satomi Sakazono ◽  
Michikazu Hiramatsu ◽  
Kuang-Liang Huang ◽  
Chieh-Li Huang ◽  
Hiroshi Okubo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Self Compatibility

Incompatibility in Cordia alliodora (Boraginaceae), a neotropical tree

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Boshier
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Cordia Alliodora ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Neotropical Tree ◽  
Ultraviolet Microscopy ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Controlled Crosses

Incompatibility and variation in floral morphology in Cordia alliodora (R. & P.) Oken (Boraginaceae) were investigated using a combination of fieldwork and light and ultraviolet microscopy. Results from controlled crosses clearly showed the presence of two groups of trees, where intergroup crosses were compatible but intragroup crosses were incompatible. A sporophytic, diallelic, one-locus incompatibility system was inferred. Limited failure of the incompatibility mechanism was found (approximately 1% of crosses) for both selfs and intragroup crosses. Whereas most authors previously described C. alliodora as a homostyle, measurement of floral traits and study of their relationship to controlled crosses revealed a poorly defined variation in stigma size strongly associated with the incompatibility groups. The relatively undeveloped heteromorphy, coupled with a strong incompatibility mechanism, is of particular interest. The genus Cordia, in particular the Cerdanae, appears to offer fruitful ground for further investigation into aspects of the evolution and development of heterostyly. Key words: incompatibility, heterostyly, Cordia alliodora.

Vertebrate pollination of the endemic Trochetia granulata (Malvaceae) on Réunion

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée Le Péchon ◽  
Mickaël Sanchez ◽  
Laurence Humeau ◽  
Luc D.B. Gigord ◽  
Li-Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollination Ecology ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Compatibility Studies ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Pollen Vector

Abstract:The pollination ecology and breeding system of Trochetia granulata (Malvaceae), an endemic tree species from Réunion were studied. In 2010–2011, compatibility studies were conducted on a total of 154 flowers from 35 different individuals using three different hand pollination treatments: (a) autofertility, (b) self-pollination and (c) cross-pollination. During the period, we also studied the pollination ecology of T. granulata. During 48 h of video recordings, we tracked flower visits to T. granulata in six different sites and studied the behaviour of the visitors. The results from the hand-cross experiments show that T. granulata is self-compatible (60.8% fruit set) but cannot produce fruit (5.4% fruit set) without the visit of a pollen vector. During surveys, four different visitors were reported: the introduced honey bee (Apis mellifera), two endemic species of white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus borbonicus and Z. olivaceus) and the endemic Réunion day gecko (Phelsuma borbonica). This study documented a new case of vertebrate-pollination by lizard and birds in an insular context. These interactions might be linked to several uncommon floral traits of Trochetia species.

Floral morphology and pollination system in the native Australian perennial pasture legume Cullen australasicum (syn. Psoralea australasica)

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Jing Wang ◽  
Ramakrishnan M. Nair ◽  
Chun-Sheng Mu ◽  
Ian S. Dundas
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Stigma Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cullen australasicum (syn. Psoralea australasica) is a native perennial legume with potential in the low-rainfall wheatbelt of southern Australia. The objective of this study was to investigate the reproductive biology of C. australasicum utilising five accessions. Glasshouse and field pollination experiments were conducted in Adelaide, South Australia. Floral morphology, stigma receptivity and pollen : ovule ratios were determined. Pollen tube growth and stigma morphology were examined using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes. Glasshouse pollination studies indicated that four of the accessions showed the need for an external tripping agent to bring about pollination and that hand-tripping was the most efficient method. A scanning electron microscopy study revealed there are two types of stigmas in this species. Stigma receptivity was significantly lower at the early bud stage before anther dehiscence. The results show that C. australasicum is a self-compatible species comprising accessions with a wide range of outcrossing potential.

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