Single-nucleotide polymorphism of MC1R, ASIP, and TYRP2 genes in wild and farmed foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Jakubczak ◽  
Magdalena Gryzinska ◽  
Beata Horecka ◽  
Marek Kowalczyk ◽  
Kornel Kasperek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Mc1r Gene ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

DNA mutations within genes associated with melanogenesis can affect melanin production, leading to dyschromias. Genes that are involved in synthesis of melatonin and may affect the color of skin are melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), agouti locus (ASIP), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TYRP2). In this study, SNP identification within ASIP, MC1R, and TYRP2 gene fragments in wild and farmed foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was performed. Nine mutations in the ASIP gene which allowed us to distinguish seven SNP profiles, fourteen mutations and five SNP profiles in the MC1R gene, and seven SNP profiles based on four polymorphic nucleotides in the TYRP2 gene were detected. Analyses of obtained profiles indicate that ASIP did not undergo mutations in the wild, and significant variability of SNP profiles was found for TYRP2, with specific haplotypes noted for farm foxes and American and European wild foxes.

MC1R variants correlate with thinhorn sheep colour cline but not individual colour

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Loehr ◽  
K. Worley ◽  
J. Moe ◽  
J. Carey ◽  
D. W. Coltman
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Mc1r Gene ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Ovis Dalli ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Thinhorn Sheep

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene has provided a window on the evolution of colour polymorphisms. Recent studies have demonstrated associations between MC1R and melanism in a number of wildlife species. Thinhorn sheep ( Ovis dalli Nelson, 1884) are a possible species to test for association between MC1R polymorphisms and melanism. Across their range the pelage colour of thinhorn sheep intergrades between all white phenotypes to very dark phenotypes. Most thinhorn sheep are white; however, there is a 1200 km cline from light to dark sheep that occurs over three genetically distinct polymorphic populations. We sequenced the entire MC1R gene from 40 individuals across the range of thinhorn sheep. We found a single nucleotide polymorphism in MC1R at base pair position 921 that coincided with the geographic cline. However, at the individual level we found no relationship between individual melanism and genotype.

scholarly journals 7,3′,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone, a Metabolite of the Soy Isoflavone Daidzein, Suppresses α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Melanogenesis by Targeting Melanocortin 1 Receptor

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hye Kim ◽  
Jae-Eun Lee ◽  
Taewon Kim ◽  
Myung Hun Yeom ◽  
Jun Seong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Creb Phosphorylation ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
B16f10 Cells ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

7,3′,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone (7,3′,4′-THIF) is a metabolite of daidzein which is a representative isoflavone found in soybean. Recent studies suggested that 7,3′,4′-THIF exerts a hypopigmentary effect in B16F10 cells, however, its underlying molecular mechanisms and specific target protein remain unknown. Here, we found that 7,3′,4′-THIF, but not daidzein, inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-induced intracellular and extracellular melanin production in B16F10 cells by directly targeting melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Western blot data showed that 7,3′,4′-THIF inhibited α-MSH-induced tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TYRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TYRP-2) expressions through the inhibition of Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression and cAMP response element-binding (CREB) phosphorylation. 7,3′,4′-THIF also inhibited α-MSH-induced dephosphorylation of AKT and phosphorylation of p38 and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). cAMP and Pull-down assays indicated that 7,3′,4′-THIF strongly inhibited forskolin-induced intracellular cAMP production and bound MC1R directly by competing with α-MSH. Moreover, 7,3′,4′-THIF inhibited α-MSH-induced intracellular melanin production in human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs). Collectively, these results demonstrate that 7,3′,4′-THIF targets MC1R, resulting in the suppression of melanin production, suggesting a protective role for 7,3′,4′-THIF against melanogenesis.

Melanocortin 1 receptor MC1R as a genetic factor in the development of psoriasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Elvira S. Galimova ◽  
Sulev Kõks ◽  
Külli Kingo ◽  
E. K Khusnutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Mc1r Gene ◽  
Volga Ural Region

The CRH-POMC system in the skin coordinates pigmentation and the immune response. We performed the association study of single-nucleotide polymorphism SNPs of MC1R gene in a cohort ofpsoriasis patients of Tatar ethnic group from the Volga-Ural region of Russia. The results suggest that polymorphisms of the MC1R gene may contribute to the protection or development of psoriasis in Tatar population.

scholarly journals Effect of Phlorotannins Isolated From Eisenia bicyclis on Melanogenesis in Mouse B16 Melanoma Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110192
Author(s):  
Yuki Ohno ◽  
Shiori Kondo ◽  
Kiho Tajima ◽  
Toshiyuki Shibata ◽  
Tomohiro Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
B16 Melanoma ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Eisenia Bicyclis ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
B16 Melanoma Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

Phlorotannins isolated from brown algae, such as Eisena bicyclis, have positive physiological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Alzheimer’s disease. Although phlorotannins have been shown to inhibit tyrosinase, an enzyme essential for melanogenesis, their effect on melanogenesis remains unexplored. Thus, we isolated phlorotannins from E. bicyclis and examined their effects on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis in murine B16 melanoma cells. Both fucofuroeckol-A (FF-A) and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A) suppressed α-MSH-induced melanogenesis. Neither inhibited human tyrosinase (TYR) activity, but both inhibited tyrosinase-related protein-2 activity. FF-A downregulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and TYR, which subsequently suppressed melanin production. These results suggest that phlorotannins could be beneficial as melanin control drugs for hyperpigmentation disorders.

Characterisation of the melanocortin-1 receptor gene in alpaca and identification of possible markers associated with phenotypic variations in colour

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Feeley ◽  
K. A. Munyard
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Mc1r Gene ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Phenotypic Variations

The aim of this study was to determine if any correlation exists between melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms and skin and fibre colour in alpacas. Primers capable of amplifying the entire alpaca MC1R gene were designed from a comparative alignment of Bos taurus and Mus musculus MC1R gene sequences. The complete MC1R gene of 41 alpacas exhibiting a range of fibre colours, and which were sourced from farms across Australia, was sequenced from PCR products. Twenty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified within MC1R. Two of these polymorphisms (A82G and C901T) have the potential to reduce eumelanin production by disrupting the activity of MC1R. No agreement was observed between fibre colour alone and MC1R genotype in the 41 animals in this study. However, when the animals were assigned to groups based on the presence or absence of eumelanin in their fibre and skin, only animals that had at least one allele with the A82/C901 combination expressed eumelanin. We propose that A82/C901 is the wild-type dominant ‘E’ MC1R allele, while alpacas with either G82/T901 or G82/Y901 are homozygous for the recessive ‘e’ MC1R allele and are therefore unable to produce eumelanin.

scholarly journals Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Hydroxyectoine via MITF Inhibition by JNK, p38, and AKT Pathways in B16F10 Melanoma Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1985852 ◽  
Author(s):  
You C. Chung ◽  
Min-Jin Kim ◽  
Eun Y. Kang ◽  
Yun B. Kim ◽  
Bong S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
B16f10 Melanoma ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
B16f10 Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

Melanin plays a role in determining human skin color of a person, and a large amount of melanin makes the skin color look darkened. The proper amount of melanin formation protects our skin from UV radiation, but excessive melanin production causes hyperpigmentation and leads to freckles, melasma, and lentigo. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of hydroxyectoine on melanogenesis and its mechanism in B16F10 cells. Melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity were determined. The expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and the activities of tyrosinase and other melanogenesis-related enzymes, such as tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2, were also examined. Hydroxyectoine treatment significantly inhibited melanin production and intracellular tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that hydroxyectoine also reduced the expressions of tyrosinase and TRP-1. In addition, hydroxyectoine significantly reduced the expression of MITF, a major regulator of melanin production, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and activated the protein kinase B. The results demonstrated that hydroxyectoine inhibits the expression of MITF through the inhibition or activation of melanin-related signaling pathways and downregulates melanogenesis by inhibiting melanogenic enzyme expression and tyrosinase activity. Hydroxyectoine has potential value in functional cosmetics applications, such as whitening.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of coat color genes in Brazilian Crioula sheep from a conservation nucleus

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Cristina Gomes Cavalcanti ◽  
José Carlos Ferrugem Moraes ◽  
Danielle Assis de Faria ◽  
Concepta Margaret McManus ◽  
Alcebiades Renato Nepomuceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

Abstract: The objective of this work was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in resequencing data from MC1R, ASIP, and TYRP1 genes derived from Crioula sheep (Ovis aris) with different coat colors. Polymorphisms in the ASIP (agouti-signaling protein), MC1R (melanocortin 1 receptor), and TRYP1 (tyrosinase-related protein 1) genes were analyzed in 115 sheep from Embrapa’s conservation nucleus of crioula sheep, in Brazil. A total of 7,914 bp were sequenced per animal, and 14 SNPs were identified. Two additional assays were performed to detect duplications and deletions in the ASIP gene. Ninety-five percent of the coat color variation was explained by epistatic interactions observed between specific alleles in the MC1R and ASIP genes. Evidence suggests an important role of TYRP1 variants for wool color, despite their low frequencies. The marker panel was efficient enough in predicting coat color in the studied animals and, therefore, can be used to implement a marker-assisted selection program in the conservation nucleus of sheep of the crioula breed.

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