Effect of heat treatment and heat treatment in combination with lignosulfonate on in situ rumen degradability of canola cake crude protein, lysine, and methionine

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Micek ◽  
Katarzyna Słota ◽  
Paweł Górka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Cold Pressed ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
High Temperature Heating

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of heat treatment alone or in combination with the addition of lignosulfonate (LSO3) on canola cake protein, lysine, and methionine degradation in the rumen. Cold-pressed canola cake was left untreated, heated at 90, 110, 130, or 150 °C, or processed with 5% of LSO3 (in dry matter) and then heated. Effective rumen degradability of crude protein (CP), lysine, and methionine was less for treated than untreated canola cake (P < 0.05) and decreased with increased temperature of heating, but particularly when canola cake was heated at 150 °C (quadratic, P < 0.01). In general, effective rumen degradability of CP, lysine, and methionine was less for canola cake heated at 130 °C in combination with LSO3 compared with canola cake heat treated only (quadratic × LSO3 interaction, P ≤ 0.07). Results of this study indicate that high temperature heating (130 °C or greater for 60 min) may be necessary to protect canola cake protein from degradation in the rumen, and the combination of heat treatment and LSO3 may be more effective in protecting canola cake protein, lysine, and methionine from degradation in the rumen than the use of heat treatment only.

Effect of adding lignosulfonate and heat to canola screenings on ruminal and intestinal disappearance of dry matter and crude protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
E. Weurding ◽  
Mary Lou Swift ◽  
C. F. Wright ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of adding 5% calcium lignosulfonate (LSO3) and heat to canola screenings on in situ ruminal and intestinal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance in Holstein cows was investigated. Treatments consisted of untreated canola screenings, canola screenings that had been heated to 100 °C for 30 or 60 min and canola screenings that had 5% (wt wt−1) LSO3 added and were subsequently heated at 100 °C for 0, 30 or 60 min. Results indicate that treatment of canola screenings with 5% LSO3 and heated to 100 °C for 60 min was effective in reducing rumen degradation of DM and CP with a corresponding increase in disappearance in the lower gastrointestinal tract when compared to untreated and heat-treated canola screenings. Key words: Canola screenings, rumen by-pass protein, heat treatment, lignosulfonate

scholarly journals Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of anatase-rutile mixed-phase nano-size powder given by high-temperature heat treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamasa Ishigaki ◽  
Yusuke Nakada ◽  
Naoki Tarutani ◽  
Tetsuo Uchikoshi ◽  
Yoshihiro Tsujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
High Temperature Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
Nano Size ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalytic

Nano-size EVONIK AEROXIDE ® P25 titanium dioxide, TiO 2 , powder was heat-treated at temperatures, 700–900°C, in air. An X-ray diffraction study showed that the P25 powder is composed of approximately 20 and approximately 80 mass% of rutile and anatase phases, respectively. It was also shown that the transformation from anatase to rutile induced by high-temperature heat treatment was almost completed at 750°C, whereas a small amount (less than 3 mass%) of anatase phase was still left even in the powder heat-treated at 900°C. The transformation behaviour was consistent with results obtained by Raman scattering spectroscopy. Raman experiments also indicated that high-temperature heating induced the formation of oxide ion vacancies. Powders were dispersed in methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution, and the bleach rate of MO was measured to evaluate photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet (UV)- and visible-light irradiation. After the heat treatment, the UV-light photocatalytic performance sharply deteriorated. Interestingly, visible-light photocatalytic activity was enhanced by high-temperature heating and reached the highest performance for an 800°C-heated sample, indicating that the P25 powder obtained high visible-light photocatalytic performance after heat treatment. Even after 900°C heat treatment, the photocatalytic performance was higher than that of as-received powder. Enhancement of photocatalytic activities was discussed in relation to visible light absorption and charge carrier transfer.

scholarly journals Chili and Sweet Pepper Seed Oil Used as a Natural Antioxidant to Improve the Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Sunflower Oil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2579
Author(s):  
Ileana Cocan ◽  
Monica Negrea ◽  
Antoanela Cozma ◽  
Ersilia Alexa ◽  
Mariana-Atena Poiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
High Temperature Heating ◽  
Pepper Seed

The main purpose of this work was to assess the potential of chili pepper seed oil (CPSO) and sweet pepper seed oil (SPSO) to inhibit or retard the thermo-oxidative processes undergoing in sunflower oil (SFO) when subjected to high-temperature heating for 4 and 8 h in simulated frying conditions. The effects of high-temperature treatment for 4 and 8 h on the fatty acid composition and the lipid oxidation degree of the investigated oil samples were evaluated using the peroxide value (PV), the p-anisidine value (p-AV) and the thiobarbituric acid test (TBA). All determinations were performed before and after sample heating in order to evaluate the changes in lipid oxidation as well as in the chemical composition. In all studied samples, both after 4 h and 8 h of high-temperature heating, there was an increase of the saturated fatty acid content. This increase is lower in the case of SFO samples supplemented with CPSO and SPSO when compared with SFO. A 41.67% increase was recorded for the SFO sample supplemented with 300 ppm CPSO, and a 36.76% increase was recorded for the SFO supplemented with 300 ppm SPSO, compared to the 44.97% increase recorded for the SFO. Heating the samples supplemented with CPSO and SPSO with a concentration of 300 ppm for 8 h led to the much lower values of the investigated parameters in relation to the control sample, as follows: PV (12.95 ± 0.17 meq/kg oil for SFO + 300 ppm CPSO and 13.45 ± 0.32 meq/kg oil for SFO + 300 ppm SPSO, compared with 16.4 + 0.17 meq/kg oil for SFO), p-AV (63.445 ± 1.259 ppm oil for SFO + 300 ppm CPSO and 64.122 ± 1.208 ppm oil for SFO + 300 ppm SPSO, compared with 72.493 + 1.340 ppm oil for SFO), CD (45%; 30%), TOTOX (88.374 for SFO + 300 ppm CPSO and 101.366 for SFO + 300 ppm SPSO compared with 105.347 ppm for SFO) and TBA (98.92 ± 2.49 µg MDA/g oil for SFO + 300 ppm CPSO and 114.24 ± 3.51 µg MDA/g oil for SFO + 300 ppm SPSO, compared with 180.08 + 5.82 µg MDA/g oil for SFO). Regarding the lipid oxidation process occurring during the heat treatment, we observed the reduction of lipid oxidation by the addition of CPSO and SPSO and recommend these seed oils as potential natural antioxidants in order to improve the oxidative stability of SFO during heat treatment.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF STRUCTURE FORMATION IN EXPLOSION WELDED BIMETAL STEEL 20 + STAINLESS STEEL 50CR15MO2V AFTER LONG HIGH-TEMPERATURE HEATING

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
V. N. Arisova ◽  
A. F. Trudov ◽  
L. M. Gurevich ◽  
A. E. Birshbaeva ◽  
V. O. Kharlamov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Explosion Welding ◽  
Joint Zone ◽  
Steel 20 ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
High Temperature Heating

The results of studies of the structure in the joint zone of stainless steel 50Cr15Мo2V with carbon steel 20 after explosion welding and subsequent heat treatment at a temperature of 1000 ° C and holding times of 5-20 hours are presented. The formation of a continuous diffusion layer in the joint zone is shown, the thickness of which depends on the holding time.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF TEMPERATURE HARDENING FOR IMPROVING THE HEAT RESISTANCE OF TOOL STEEL 4Х5MФ1С IN VARIOUS WORKPIECES. PART 2. THE CHOICE OF THE MODE OF HARDENING STEEL 4Х5MФ1С TO INCREASE THE HARDNESS AND HEAT RESISTANCE AFTER TEMPERING

2017 ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Fedulov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
Temperature Hardening ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
High Temperature Heating

A new mode of heat treatment, including oil quenching from temperature 1150 °C with tempering at 500–650 °С for 1,5 hours was developed. The effect of increasing the level of hardening and the heat resistance is determined by more complete dissolution of the steel matrix, the coarsening of grains and morphology of the primary phase of the structure and as a result of high temperature heating and increasing of the number of secondary phases as a result of the tempering. The results of the work could be used in production of working parts is highly resourceful tool for heat forming. 

Modeling the High-Temperature Heating of Scrap Metals

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Strogonov ◽  
◽  
Andrey A. Chaymelov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Scrap Metals ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
High Temperature Heating

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

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