Trembling aspen, balsam poplar, and white birch respond differently to experimental warming in winter months

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1469-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Steve Colombo ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Junlin Li ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Increased Risk

Climatic warming may increase temperature variability, especially in winter months, leading to increased risk of early loss of cold hardiness and therefore freezing damage. In this study, changes in cold hardiness (measured based on electrolyte leakage), budbreak, and survival were used to indicate the responses of seedlings of 3 boreal broadleaf species [Formula: see text] trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), balsam poplar (P. balsamifera L.), and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) [Formula: see text] to experimental warming. Seedling responses were greater in winter (January) and spring (March) than fall (November), and were greater in trembling aspen and balsam poplar than white birch. Warming for 5 or 10 days at 16 °C day/–2 °C night with a 10-h photoperiod in winter and spring generally reduced cold hardiness. Combined with freezing temperatures in the postwarming ambient environment, this reduction increased seedling mortality and stem dieback and extended time to budbreak. Cold hardiness increased somewhat 10 days after seedlings were returned to the outdoor environment following warming in spring, when ambient temperatures were less damaging. The resistance of white birch to warming, likely because of its greater thermal requirement for budbreak and slower natural dehardening, suggests that this species is better suited to withstand increasing winter temperature variability that might occur under climate change. To improve the accuracy of phenological modelling, the effects of winter freezing on budbreak should be factored in.

Photosynthetic and morphological responses of white birch, balsam poplar, and trembling aspen to freezing and artificial defoliation

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Steve Colombo ◽  
Junlin Li ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Morphological Responses ◽  
Spring Frosts

Comparative stress resistance of 1-year-old white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings was evaluated after exposure to freezing or defoliation. Photosynthesis in leaves surviving freezing (−5 °C) declined immediately after treatment, but nearly fully recovered within 3 weeks. Defoliation did not significantly increase photosynthesis in the remaining leaves. Refoliation occurred after freezing that killed terminal shoots and released current buds from apical dominance, while new leaves of larger size were produced through continuous growth of terminal shoots in 50% or 100% defoliation. Freezing and complete defoliation significantly reduced diameter and height growth in all species, whereas 50% defoliation did not affect growth. These results indicate some of the physiological and morphological responses to foliage loss in broadleaved boreal species that can help to maintain growth and productivity under a warming climate, which may result in more frequent damaging spring frosts and insect defoliation.

Tree bole mineralization rates of four species of the Canadian eastern boreal forest: implications for nutrient dynamics following stand-replacing disturbances

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2331-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Brais ◽  
David Paré ◽  
Cédric Lierman
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Nutrient Immobilization

To assess nutrient dynamics in decomposing logs of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), we monitored mass losses and changes in N and P contents in dead boles from a chronosequence of sites following stand-replacing disturbances. To assess the importance of wood decomposition to nutrient cycling, we compared net estimates of nutrient release from logs with net nutrient immobilization in live-tree biomass of stands as a function of time since disturbance. Mineralization rates were 0.060, 0.053, 0.038, and 0.020·year–1 for trembling aspen, white birch, white spruce, and jack pine logs, respectively. Trembling aspen boles released large quantities of N and P during the first year of decomposition (51 kg·ha–1 of N and 7 kg·ha–1 of P, assuming a bole volume of 150 m3·ha–1). White birch boles acted initially as a nutrient sink and delayed the release of immobilized nutrients until a period when the stand's net nutrient immobilization rates were highest. Jack pine boles appeared to be intermediate in terms of their contribution as a sink or a source of nutrients but, in mature stands, provided up to 40% of N and 26% of P immobilized annually in tree biomass. As pure stands of white spruce are rare in boreal Quebec, information on nutrient accumulation in white spruce stands was not available.

Adventitious rooting of four Salicaceae species in response to a flooding event

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2597-2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne E. Krasny ◽  
John C. Zasada ◽  
Kristiina A. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Flooding Event ◽  
The Mean

The ability to form adventitious roots in response to a flooding event was examined in three floodplain species, sandbar willow (Salix interior Rowlee), feltleaf willow (Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Cov.), and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), and one upland species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), in interior Alaska. The mean number of adventitious roots formed per seedling was 7, 5, 2, and 0 for sandbar willow, feltleaf willow, balsam poplar, and trembling aspen, respectively. The ability to form adventitious roots was related to the distribution of the species on the floodplain.

Partial cutting as an analogue to stem exclusion and dieback in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) dominated boreal mixedwoods: implications for deadwood dynamicsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Forum IUFRO 1.05 Uneven-Aged Silvicultural Research Group Conference on Natural Disturbance-Based Silviculture: Managing for Complexity.

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1525-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Harvey ◽  
S. Brais
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Downed Wood

In the winter of 1998–1999, two partial harvesting treatments that removed 33% (1/3) and 61% (2/3) of stand basal area were applied to even-aged trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands and compared with unharvested control stands. Stands in the 1/3 treatment were low thinned, while stands in the 2/3 removal were crown thinned. Coarse woody debris dynamics were assessed during the following 6 years by means of permanent sampling plots and downed wood inventories. Between 1999 and 2004, tree mortality was, respectively, 18%, 17%, and 32% in control stands and 1/3 and 2/3 harvesting treatments. Although total snag density was similar between controls and partial cutting treatments, total snag basal area was significantly higher in controls in 2004. Between 1999 and 2004, net change in aspen snag density was positive for controls and negative for both partial cutting treatments. Partial cutting also exacerbated mortality of small-diameter white birch ( Betula papyrifera Marsh.). Downed wood volume increased by 35 m3·ha–1 in controls and by 25 m3·ha–1 in the 2/3 harvesting treatment, while it decreased by 7 m3·ha–1 in the 1/3 harvesting treatment. Coarse woody debris goals can be established in silviculture prescriptions; type, timing, and intensity of partial cutting are crucial to the outcome.

FUNGI AND DECAY IN ASPEN AND BALSAM POPLAR IN THE BOREAL FOREST REGION, ALBERTA

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Thomas ◽  
D. E. Etheridge ◽  
Glen Paul
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

Examination of 835 living trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and 527 balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) on 47 sample plots of mixed-wood forest of the Boreal Forest Region, Alberta, showed 73% of the aspen and 61% of the balsam poplar to be decayed. Additional trees of both species were infected by stain-producing fungi. The incidence of infection in aspen decreased from mesic sites to dry sites, while that for balsam poplar was about the same in mesic and wet sites. Fomes igniarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx was the first ranking fungus in both hosts in terms of associated decay. It had the greatest incidence of all fungi in aspen but ranked third to Pholiota spectabilis (Fr.) Quél. and Polyporus aduslus Willd. ex Fr. in balsam poplar. Corticium polygonium Pers. and Radulum casearium (Morg.) Lloyd together caused about as much decay in aspen as did Fomes igniarius, although neither fungus occurred in balsam poplar. Contrary to its generally low incidence in balsam poplar, Pholiota destruens (Brond.) Quél. caused most of the decay in this host, excepting that ascribed to Fomes igniarius. Pholiola destruens did not occur in aspen. Many fungi caused both basal and stem infections in both hosts, while few caused infections of one type only. Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Quél. caused the greatest number of basal infections in aspen but was exceeded by Pholiota spectabilis in balsam poplar. The greatest amount of butt decay was ascribed to Phlebia strigosozonala (Schw.) Lloyd in aspen and to Pholiota spectabilis in balsam poplar. The overall losses of volume due to decay were 25% and 10%, respectively, for aspen and balsam poplar.

Differences in initial root development and soil conditions affect establishment of trembling aspen and balsam poplar seedlings

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Wolken ◽  
Simon M. Landhäusser ◽  
Victor J. Lieffers ◽  
Miles F. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poplar Seedlings

Three studies examined the establishment and early growth of trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) and balsam poplar ( Populus balsamifera L.) from seed. To better understand the differences in initial developmental patterns between both species, we monitored germination and early growth in a washed sand medium with a balanced fertilizer added. Two additional studies used the Ae, Bm, and Bt horizons of a Brunisolic Gray Luvisol soil to test the impact of different soil horizons and conditions (compaction and moisture) on the establishment and early growth of trembling aspen and balsam poplar seedlings. Balsam poplar had faster radicle and leaf area development than trembling aspen and grew similarly in all soil horizons, while trembling aspen only grew well in the Ae horizon, where it outgrew balsam poplar. The superior growth of trembling aspen in the Ae horizon was associated with higher P and organic C relative to the lower horizons. Although germination was lowest on the low-compaction – low-moisture treatment for both species, balsam poplar establishment and early growth were higher than for trembling aspen in all combinations of compaction and moisture. Compared with trembling aspen, the wider establishment niche of balsam poplar is attributed to its faster root development and ability to grow in a range of soil substrates and conditions.

scholarly journals Ethylene enhances root water transport and aquaporin expression in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) exposed to root hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Tan ◽  
Mengmeng Liu ◽  
Ning Du ◽  
Janusz J. Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Root Hypoxia ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Abstract Background Root hypoxia has detrimental effects on physiological processes and growth in most plants. The effects of hypoxia can be partly alleviated by ethylene. However, the tolerance mechanisms contributing to the ethylene-mediated hypoxia tolerance in plants remain poorly understood. Results In this study, we examined the effects of root hypoxia and exogenous ethylene treatments on leaf gas exchange, root hydraulic conductance, and the expression levels of several aquaporins of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein group (PIP) in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings. Ethylene enhanced net photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, and root hydraulic conductance in hypoxic plants. Of the two subgroups of PIPs (PIP1 and PIP2), the protein abundance of PIP2s and the transcript abundance of PIP2;4 and PIP2;5 were higher in ethylene-treated trembling aspen roots compared with non-treated roots under hypoxia. The increases in the expression levels of these aquaporins could potentially facilitate root water transport. The enhanced root water transport by ethylene was likely responsible for the increase in leaf gas exchange of the hypoxic plants. Conclusions Exogenous ethylene enhanced root water transport and the expression levels of PIP2;4 and PIP2;5 in hypoxic roots of trembling aspen. The results suggest that ethylene facilitates the aquaporin-mediated water transport in plants exposed to root hypoxia.

The bacteria in sapwood, wetwood, and heartwood of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Knutson
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Xylem Tissue

Bacteria (Erwinia, Bacillus) were consistently isolated from all samples of aspen sapwood and heartwood. In wetwood zones (water-soaked xylem tissue) or discolored heartwood, large populations often occur. No organisms unique to wetwood were isolated. Wetwood probably is formed by nonmicrobial means and, once formed, merely supports large populations of indigenous bacteria.

Wounding of aspen roots promotes suckering

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C Fraser ◽  
Victor J Lieffers ◽  
Simon M Landhäusser
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Injury Type ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Root Sucker

In early May, 1-m sections of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) roots in a forest cutblock were carefully exposed and examined for damage. Undamaged roots were subjected to one of three wounding treatments (scrape, sever, or uninjured control) and were then reburied to either the full normal organic layer depth or to one third of the normal depth. Following one growing season, the roots were reexposed and assessed for aspen sucker numbers and growth rates. Results indicate that injured roots produced suckers nearly twice as often as uninjured roots. Further, injured roots produced more suckers per root, and these suckers were taller and had greater leaf area. Roots buried under shallow organic layers also generated more suckers, regardless of injury type. The side of injury (distal or proximal) did not affect any of the measured variables. The present study suggests that moderate wounding of aspen roots increases initial sucker numbers and growth rates.Key words: trembling aspen, root sucker, root injury, regeneration.

scholarly journals Elk (Cervus elaphus) Seasonal Habitat Selection in a Heterogeneous Forest Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse N. Popp ◽  
David N. C. McGeachy ◽  
Josef Hamr
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Future Management

Seasonal habitat selection by the reintroduced Burwash elk population, approximately 30 km south of Sudbury, Ontario, has been analysed in order to assist in the development of future management. Twenty-five adult females were radio-collared and tracked 1–3 times a week for 3 years. The most prominent patterns included selection of intolerant hardwood forests (trembling aspen, white birch, and balsam poplar) during all seasons, while Great Lakes-St. Lawrence pines (white and red pine dominated stands) were used less than expected based on availability for all seasons. The selection patterns are likely associated with seasonal climatic conditions and forage preferences. Because the selection behaviours displayed here varied greatly from other elk habitat studies, it is suggested that managers consider the importance of population-specific habitat studies before developing related strategies.

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