Biomorphs Solanum dulcamara L. and their contribution in seasonal climate grasses origin

The paper demonstrates S. dulcamara ecobiomorphs: a long rhizome semi-woody liana (LSL), a long rhizome subshrub with ascending shoots (LSAS), a root sucker subshrub and a shortlived plants of vegetative origin; and ontobiomorphs: a taproot upright subshrub (TUS), a subshrub with a mixed root system (SMRS), LSL, and LSAS. Possible stages and modes are suggested of Solanum biomorph transformation: 1. TUS, as a result of prolongation on the shoot (adventitious roots) and shoot system level (two or more replacement shoots), deviations on individual plant level (shoot lodging), transforms into SMRS; 2. SMRS, through the plant’s ontogenesis abbreviation (fragmentation), prolongation (epigeogenum rhizome), and deviation (stem twisting), transforms into LSL. Further LSL habit transformations can occur in xerophylous and hygrophylous biomorph evolution lines. On dry soil, as a result of prolongation (adventitious buds on roots), a root sucker subshrub appears. A hygrophyle line is possible in case of prolongations on the shoot level (metamere number increase within a shoot, dicyclic shoots), of the individual plant abbreviations (shortened life-time of sympodial axes, early fragmentation) and end with a short-lived plants of vegetative origin. Possibly, mien changes in S. dulcamara ontogenesis show possible stages in Solanum life forms transformation, from tree forms to LSL.

Managing Understory Fagus grandifolia for Promoting Beech Bark Disease Resistance in Northern Hardwood Stands

Many Allegheny hardwood stands contain dense understories of very shade-tolerant American beech, resulting from partial disturbances that have accelerated root sucker development. The low-shade produced by these sprouts hampers silvicultural regeneration efforts to maintain species diversity in new cohorts. An increasing proportion of sprouts result from stressed trees infested with beech bark disease. The clonal sprouts also have a genetic affinity for the disease. A mixture of Accord® and Oust® herbicides, applied to understory vegetation after shelterwood establishment cuts, can significantly reduce understory beech density. Yet, retention of some overstory beech, with demonstrated disease resistance, is ecologically desirable. The root sprouts from these parent trees should also have resistance to the disease. We used broadcast herbicide application to kill understory vegetation after shelterwood harvests in three stands, and tested the effect of herbicide on beech sprouts associated with resistant trees. Eight years after treatment, plots that had received herbicide had similar densities of beech to no-herbicide plots. However, there were significant differences in seedling densities among stands (P = .0303) and species (P = .0014). Our results indicate that there is much temporal variability in regeneration dynamics after treatment. Resistant beech sprouts are still competitive in the long term, even after herbicide application.

TRANSFER TEKNOLOGI SAMBUNG MENGGUNAKAN ANAKAN (Root-sucker) SEBAGAI BATANG BAWAH UNTUK PROPAGASI TANAMAN KESEMEK DI BATU BAGIRIEK ALAHAN PANJANG

Persimmon, kesemek, buah kaki atau manggih hutan dalam bahasa minang adalah berbagai sebutan untuk buah yang dihasilkan oleh tanaman pohon Diospyros kaki Thunb. Buah kesemek mengandung berbagai nutrisi penting, anti toksik dan bahkan anti kanker. Kesemek merupakan tanaman sub tropika sehingga di Indonesia kesemek hanya beradaptasi pada ketinggian ± 1400 mdpl, seperti Alahan Panjang. Petani biasanya menggunakan anakan untuk perbanyakan, namun akibatnya tanaman membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk berbuah, lebih dari 8 tahun. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mentransfer teknologi sambung pucuk menggunakan anakan (root-sucker) sebagai batang bawah (root-stock) sebagai upaya untuk mendapatkan perbanyakan kesemek secara cepat dan tanaman cepat berbuah. Mitra kegiatan ini adalah kelompok tani Harapan Baru yang berada di Batu Bagiriek Alahan Panjang Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat dari bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2016. Metode kegiatan meliputi penyuluhan, demonstrasi dan pelatihan grafting. Hasil kegiatan adalah petani meningkat pengetahuannya tentang manfaat buah kesemek, teknik budidaya dan pasca panen serta mampu melakukan grafting atau penyambungan pada kesemek menggunakan root-sucker (anakan) sebagai batang bawah. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistika menggunakan analisis Likert, kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan memiliki nilai indeks 92, menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan yang dilakukan bermanfaat atau berhasil mentransfer pengetahuan dan juga keterampilan kepada petani.