scholarly journals Variability in aboveground carbon driven by slope aspect and curvature in an eastern deciduous forest, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Smith ◽  
David M. Eissenstat ◽  
Margot W. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Eastern Deciduous Forest ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Species Specific

In forested ecosystems, topography and tree species contribute to spatial variability in carbon (C) dynamics through differential rates of C uptake and storage; therefore, estimates of species-specific and spatial variability in C can strengthen ecosystem budgets. To produce such estimates, we deconstructed watershed-scale C and component pools (e.g., wood biomass, litter) and fluxes at a fine scale using a small mixed deciduous forest catchment to determine the variation due to topographic position and species. Factors affecting fluxes included aspect, slope curvature, tree species contributions, and litter production. Annual C uptake into wood varied across the catchment from 0 to 34 kg C·year−1 and was 20% greater on southern aspects than northern ones and 33% greater in swales than non-swale slopes. Of the more than 20 tree species found in the forest canopy of the catchment, highest C uptake in woody biomass was measured in Quercus rubra L. growing in swales, followed by Quercus prinus L. syn. growing on the southern aspect, with the lowest aboveground wood increment measured in Pinus at higher elevations on non-swale slopes. Quercus leaf litter moved from where it dropped into litter traps to where it settled on the forest floor, shifting the location of litter C inputs to the soil. Local variation in aboveground C rivals regional variation across regions and has the potential to introduce error when scaling C measures from points to landscapes.

scholarly journals National mapping and estimation of forest area by dominant tree species using Sentinel-2 data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Breidenbach ◽  
Lars T. Waser ◽  
Misganu Debella-Gilo ◽  
Johannes Schumacher ◽  
Johannes Rahlf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
National Level ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Minimum Numbers ◽  
Generate Model ◽  
Sentinel 2

Nation-wide Sentinel-2 mosaics were used with National Forest Inventory (NFI) plot data for modelling and subsequent mapping of spruce-, pine- and deciduous-dominated forest in Norway at a 16m×16m resolution. The accuracies of the best model ranged between 74% for spruce and 87% for deciduous forest. An overall accuracy of 90% was found on stand level using independent data from more than 42,000 stands. Errors mostly resulting from a forest mask reduced the model accuracies by approximately 10%. The produced map was subsequently used to generate model-assisted (MA) and post stratified (PS) estimates of species-specific forest area. At the national level, efficiencies of the estimates increased by 20% to 50% for MA and up to 90% for PS. Greater minimum numbers of observations constrained the use of PS. For MA estimates of municipalities, efficiencies improved by up to a factor of 8 but were sometimes also less than 1. PS estimates were always equally as or more precise than direct and MA estimates but were applicable in fewer municipalities. The tree species prediction map is part of the Norwegian forest resource map and is used, among others, to improve maps of other variables of interest such as timber volume and biomass.

Community structure of arboreal caterpillars within and among four tree species of the eastern deciduous forest

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith S. Summerville ◽  
Thomas O. Crist ◽  
Jonathan K. Kahn ◽  
Jon C. Gering
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Eastern Deciduous Forest

Throughfall chemistry of an ecotonal forest on the edge of the Great Plains

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1456-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P Hamburg ◽  
Teng-Chiu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Eastern Deciduous Forest ◽  
Throughfall Chemistry ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Event Based

Throughfall concentrations and fluxes were examined in an oak-hickory forest on the western ecotone of the eastern deciduous forest biome during 1989. Throughfall chemistry from event-based sampling of three stands was compared with the chemistry of incident precipitation. During the dormant season, only one of eight elements had significantly higher flux under the forest canopy relative to precipitation. During the growing season, six elements had significantly higher flux in throughfall relative to incident precipitation, and nitrogen had a significantly lower flux. Rates of dry deposition of pedogenically derived elements were high relative to forests further to the east, while rates of deposition of anthropogenically derived elements were low in comparison to these same forests. About 50% of the inorganic nitrogen in precipitation was taken up by the canopy, the highest value reported for an eastern deciduous forest. There were significant differences in throughfall chemistry among the three stands, possibly due to differences in canopy structure and (or) species composition. Multiple regression analysis of the throughfall patterns showed significant correlations of throughfall chemistry with the length of the antecedent dry period and rainfall quantity for all elements examined.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Pixel- and Object-Based Tree Species Classification in Mixed Deciduous Forests Using Pansharpened Very High Spatial Resolution Satellite Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Martina Deur ◽  
Mateo Gašparović ◽  
Ivan Balenović
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Tree Species Classification ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Very High

Quality tree species information gathering is the basis for making proper decisions in forest management. By applying new technologies and remote sensing methods, very high resolution (VHR) satellite imagery can give sufficient spatial detail to achieve accurate species-level classification. In this study, the influence of pansharpening of the WorldView-3 (WV-3) satellite imagery on classification results of three main tree species (Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., and Alnus glutinosa (L.) Geartn.) has been evaluated. In order to increase tree species classification accuracy, three different pansharpening algorithms (Bayes, RCS, and LMVM) have been conducted. The LMVM algorithm proved the most effective pansharpening technique. The pixel- and object-based classification were applied to three pansharpened imageries using a random forest (RF) algorithm. The results showed a very high overall accuracy (OA) for LMVM pansharpened imagery: 92% and 96% for tree species classification based on pixel- and object-based approach, respectively. As expected, the object-based exceeded the pixel-based approach (OA increased by 4%). The influence of fusion on classification results was analyzed as well. Overall classification accuracy was improved by the spatial resolution of pansharpened images (OA increased by 7% for pixel-based approach). Also, regardless of pixel- or object-based classification approaches, the influence of the use of pansharpening is highly beneficial to classifying complex, natural, and mixed deciduous forest areas.

Factors Affecting Stomatal Conductance of Bracken Below a Forest Canopy

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roberts ◽  
J. S. Wallace ◽  
R. M. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Factors Affecting

Impact of Deer Browsing on Regeneration in Mixed Stands in Southern New England

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Kittredge ◽  
P. Mark S. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Browsing preferences by white-tailed deer were evaluated for 6 tree species in northeastern Connecticut. Deer density averaged 23/mile². Deer exhibited no species-specific preferences for seedlings greater than 19 in. For seedlings less than 19 in., hemlock and black birch were preferred. Red maple, sugar maple, and white pine seedlings were avoided. Red oak seedlings were neither preferred nor avoided. A much higher proportion of seedlings greater than 19.7 in. in height was browsed, regardless of species. Browsing preferences for species in the smaller seedling class, combined with a lack of preference for species in the larger class may result in future stands with less diverse tree species composition. Deer densities in excess of 23/mile² may be incompatible with regeneration of diverse forests in southern New England. North. J. Appl. For. 12(3):115-120.

Tree-Ring Formation, Radial Increment Periodicity, and Phenology of Tree Species from a Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest in Southeast Brazil

IAWA Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio S. Lisi ◽  
Mário Tomazello Fo ◽  
Paulo C. Botosso ◽  
Fidel A. Roig ◽  
Vivian R.B. Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Southeast Brazil

Many tropical tree species produce growth rings in response to seasonal environmental factors that influence the activity of the vascular cambium. We applied the following methods to analyze the annual nature of treering formation of 24 tree species from a seasonal semi-deciduous forest of southeast Brazil: describing wood anatomy and phenology, counting tree rings after cambium markings, and using permanent dendrometer bands. After 7 years of systematic observations and measurements, we found the following: the trees lost their leaves during the dry season and grew new leaves at the end of the same season; trunk increment dynamics corresponded to seasonal changes in precipitation, with higher increment (active period) during the rainy season (October–April) and lower increment (dormant period) during the dry season (May–September); the number of tree rings formed after injuries to the cambium coincided with the number of years since the extraction of the wood samples. As a result of these observations, it was concluded that most study trees formed one growth ring per year. This suggests that tree species from the seasonal semi-deciduous forests of Brazil have an annual cycle of wood formation. Therefore, these trees have potential for use in future studies of tree age and radial growth rates, as well as to infer ecological and regional climatic conditions. These future studies can provide important information for the management and conservation of these endangered forests.

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