Fertilization increased leaf water use efficiency and growth of Pinus taeda subjected to five years of throughfall reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Samuelson ◽  
Michael B. Kane ◽  
Daniel Markewitz ◽  
Robert O. Teskey ◽  
Madison K. Akers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Throughfall Reduction

High productivity of fertilized loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in the southern United States is related to increased leaf area index (LAI), but higher evaporative leaf surface area may increase drought vulnerability. To determine if the benefits of fertilization are affected by water availability or the effects of drought are exacerbated by fertilization, the interactive effects of throughfall treatment (ambient throughfall versus throughfall reduction) and fertilization treatment (no fertilization versus one-time fertilization) on a loblolly pine plantation were examined over five growing seasons. Enhancement of LAI and growth from fertilization was unaffected by throughfall treatment, and reductions in LAI, tree height, and stand volume increment in response to throughfall reduction were unaffected by fertilization treatment. Leaf-level stomatal conductance (gS) was decreased and water use efficiency was increased by fertilization and by throughfall reduction. Lower gS was associated with decreased leaf predawn water potential in response to throughfall reduction. In contrast, lower gs in response to fertilization was associated with a reduction in the hydraulic allometry index, a measure of the ability of sapwood to supply water to leaves. These results suggest that fertilization may enhance LAI and growth even under mild or moderate drought.

Fertilization can compensate for decreased water availability by increasing the efficiency of stem volume production per unit of leaf area for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam O. Maggard ◽  
Rodney E. Will ◽  
Duncan S. Wilson ◽  
Cassandra R. Meek ◽  
Jason G. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

Over half of the standing pine timber volume in the southeastern USA is composed of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), making it the most important tree species in the region. Future climate variability may impact productivity of these forests due to reduced water availability. To determine the effects of nutrient availability and decreased water availability on stand-level water use efficiency and growth efficiency, we examined the interactive effects of fertilization and reduced throughfall on whole-tree water use, stand-level canopy transpiration, leaf area index (LAI), and stand-level stem volume growth. This study was conducted over the 6th and 7th growing seasons (2013–2014) of a loblolly pine plantation in southeastern Oklahoma. Across all plots, throughfall reduction reduced volumetric soil water content (VWC) from 13.6% to 10.9% for soil depths of 0–12 cm and from 22.3% to 19.9% for soil depths of 12–45 cm and reduced stand volume growth from 20.9 to 17.9 m3·ha−1. Across all plots, fertilization increased LAI by 12%, increased stand volume growth from 18.3 to 20.5 m3·ha−1, and increased water use efficiency of stem volume production by 18%. These results indicate that fertilization can benefit stand growth of loblolly pine plantations even when soil moisture is limiting, in part, by increasing the efficiency of water use.

scholarly journals Optimizing Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency Based on the Relationship between Leaf Area Index and Evapotranspiration

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Bo Ming ◽  
Dongping Shen ◽  
Ruizhi Xie ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Achieving optimal balance between maize yield and water use efficiency is an important challenge for irrigation maize production in arid areas. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Xinjiang China in 2016 and 2017 to quantify the response of maize yield and water use to plant density and irrigation schedules. The treatments included four irrigation levels: 360 (W1), 480 (W2), 600 (W3), and 720 mm (W4), and five plant densities: 7.5 (D1), 9.0 (D2), 10.5 (D3), 12.0 (D4), and 13.5 plants m−2 (D5). The results showed that increasing the plant density and the irrigation level could both significantly increase the leaf area index (LAI). However, LAI expansion significantly increased evapotranspiration (ETa) under irrigation. The combination of irrigation level 600 mm (W3) and plant density 12.0 plants m−2 (D4) produced the highest maize yield (21.0–21.2 t ha−1), ETa (784.1–797.8 mm), and water use efficiency (WUE) (2.64–2.70 kg m−3), with an LAI of 8.5–8.7 at the silking stage. The relationship between LAI and grain yield and evapotranspiration were quantified, and, based on this, the relationship between water use and maize productivity was analyzed. Moreover, the optimal LAI was established to determine the reasonable irrigation level and coordinate the relationship between the increase in grain yield and the decrease in water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Tree height strongly affects estimates of water-use efficiency responses to climate and CO2 using isotopes

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. W. Brienen ◽  
E. Gloor ◽  
S. Clerici ◽  
R. Newton ◽  
L. Arppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Biochar addition alleviate the negative effects of drought and salinity stress on soybean productivity and water use efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaojun Zhang ◽  
Jiaqi Ding ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Lei Su ◽  
Cancan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Gaseous Exchange ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Abstract Background: Environmental stress is a crucial factor restricting plant growth as well as crop productivity, thus influencing the agricultural sustainability. Biochar addition is proposed as an effective management to improve crop performance. However, there were few studies focused on the effect of biochar addition on crop growth and productivity under interactive effect of abiotic stress (e.g., drought and salinity). This study was conducted with a pot experiment to investigate the interaction effects of drought and salinity stress on soybean yield, leaf gaseous exchange and water use efficiency (WUE) under biochar addition. Results: Drought and salinity stress significantly depressed soybean phenology (e.g. flowering time) and all the leaf gas exchange parameters, but had inconsistent effects on soybean root growth and WUE at leaf and yield levels. Salinity stress significantly decreased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate by 20.7%, 26.3%, 10.5% and 27.2%, respectively. Lower biomass production and grain yield were probably due to the restrained photosynthesis under drought and salinity stress. Biochar addition significantly enhanced soybean grain yield by 3.1-14.8%. Drought stress and biochar addition significantly increased WUE-yield by 27.5% and 15.6%, respectively, while salinity stress significantly decreased WUE-yield by 24.2%. Drought and salinity stress showed some negative interactions on soybean productivity and leaf gaseous exchange. But biochar addition alleviate the negative effects on soybean productivity and water use efficiency under drought and salinity stress. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that drought and salinity stress could significantly depress soybean growth and productivity. There exist interactive effects of drought and salinity stress on soybean productivity and water use efficiency, while we could employ biochar to alleviate the negative effects. We should consider the interactive effects of different abiotic restriction factors on crop growth thus for sustainable agriculture in the future.

scholarly journals Effects of Drip Irrigation Emitter Density with Various Irrigation Levels on Physiological Parameters, Root, Yield, and Quality of Cherry Tomato

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Shabbir ◽  
Hanping Mao ◽  
Ikram Ullah ◽  
Noman Ali Buttar ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Single Emitter ◽  
Planting Season

Root morphology and its components’ behavior could show a considerable response under multiple water application points per plant to help the ultimate effect of fruit yield and fruit quality. In this study, a comparison of a single emitter per plant was made with two, three, and four emitters per plant under drip irrigation and two irrigation levels (full irrigation 100% and deficit irrigation 75% of crop evapotranspiration) to investigate their effects on physiological parameters, root, yield, and their associated components for potted cherry tomato under greenhouse conditions in Jiangsu-China. The experimental results showed that the plants cultivated in the spring-summer planting season showed significantly higher results than the fall-winter planting season due to low temperatures in the fall-winter planting season. However, the response root length, root average diameter, root dry mass, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, fruit unit fresh weight, the number of fruits, and pH were increased by multiple emitters per plant over a single emitter per plant, but total soluble solids decreased. Besides, a decreasing trend was observed by deficit irrigation for both planting seasons, and vice versa for the case for tomato total soluble solids. Due to an increase in measured parameters for multiple emitters per plant over a single emitter per plant, the yield, water use efficiency, and water use efficiency biomass significantly increased by 18.1%, 17.6%, and 15.1%, respectively. The deficit irrigation caused a decrease in the yield of 5% and an increase in water use efficiency and water use efficiency biomass of 21.4% and 22.9%, respectively. Two, three, and four emitters per plant had no significant effects, and the obtained results were similar. Considering the root morphology, yield, water use efficiency, water use efficiency biomass, and fruit geometry and quality, two emitters per plant with deficit irrigation are recommended for potted cherry tomato under greenhouse conditions. The explanation for the increased biomass production of the plant, yield, and water use efficiency is that two emitters per plant (increased emitter density) reduced drought stress to the roots, causing increased root morphology and leaf area index and finally promoting the plant’s photosynthetic activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document