The level of relatedness affects self/nonself discrimination in Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-509
Author(s):  
Suzana Chiari Bertoli ◽  
Daniel Moreira Neris ◽  
Hélida Regina Sala ◽  
Willyam De Lima Vieira ◽  
Gustavo Maia Souza
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Degree ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Competitive Interaction ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Plant Groups

Plants can develop differentially because of their ability of self/nonself discrimination and the degree of kinship among them. Here, we evaluate the ability of self/nonself discrimination of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake roots in plant groups with different levels of relatedness. We used three plant groups: clonal, half-siblings, and population. Split-root plants were grown in pots containing either two roots of the same plant (SD) or of two different plants (NSD). The growth of root and leaves of the half-siblings and population plants was decreased in NSD in relation to SD, whereas this response was not observed in the clonal group. The multivariate analysis indicated that there was a progressive increase in plant responses likely caused by competitive interaction of roots, as the level of relatedness between individuals was lower. Our results suggest that the group of clonal plants minimized the competitive interaction among them, indicating low ability to discriminate from each other. However, half-sibling and populational plants reduced growth as a result of root competition, showing high capacity of self discrimination. Thus, a minimum degree of genetic variation between plants seems necessary for kin recognition to be expressed.

scholarly journals Lead (Pb) bioaccumulation and antioxidative responses in Tetraena qataranse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Usman ◽  
Mohammed H. Abu-Dieyeh ◽  
Nabil Zouari ◽  
Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Treatment Concentration

Abstract Lead (Pb) is the second most toxic metal on Earth and is toxic to humans and other living things. In plants, Pb commonly inhibits growth when it is at a concentration in the soil of 30 mg/kg or more but several Pb tolerant plants have been reported. However, few studies have focused on plant response to Pb exposure, particularly at concentrations higher than 30 mg/kg. The assessment and evaluation of metal dose-dependent plant responses will assist in future phytoremediation studies. Therefore, this work documents the Pb concentration-dependent antioxidative response in Tetraena qataranse. Young seedlings were irrigated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L Pb every 48 h for seven weeks under greenhouse conditions. A phytotoxicity test showed that at the lowest treatment concentration, Pb stimulates growth. However, at 100 mg/L (1600 mg/kg Pb in the growth medium at harvest), the metal disrupted healthy growth in T. qataranse, particularly root development. Metal accumulation in the root was higher (up to 2784 mg/kg) than that of the shoot (1141.6 mg/kg). Activity assays of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR) showed a progressive increase in enzymatic activities due to Pb treatment. Together, the results of this study suggest that T. qataranse is a Pb hyperaccumulator. Increased antioxidant enzyme activity was essential to maintaining cellular homeostasis and assisted in the arid plant’s tolerance to Pb stress.

Erratum: Endothelial binding sites for lipoprotein lipase are not diminished in perfused hearts from diabetic rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Limin Liu ◽  
David L Severson
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Coronary Vasculature ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Perfused Hearts

This article was published with the wrong French abstract. The correct English and French abstracts are printed below in full. The Publisher regrets this error. Abstract : The possibility that diabetes reduces functional, heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) activity on the coronary vasculature of perfused hearts by altering endothelial binding sites for the enzyme was examined by measuring the binding and subsequent heparin-induced release of exogenous lipoprotein lipase purified from bovine milk (mLPL). Rat hearts were first perfused with heparin (5 U/mL) for 5 min to displace endogenous HR-LPL into the perfusate. The subsequent perfusion of control hearts with 0.05-2 µg/mL mLPL resulted in a progressive increase in bound exogenous exzyme that could be released by a second heparin perfusion. Induction of an acute, insulin-deficient model of diabetes (100 mg/kg streptozotocin 4-5 days prior to heart perfusions) reduced endogenous HR-LPL activity, but the binding and heparin-induced release of mLPL (0.5 µg/mL) were the same as measured in control hearts. Therefore, diabetes does not alter low-affinity, high-capacity proteoglycan binding sites for mLPL on the endothelium of perfused hearts.Key words: diabetes, lipoprotein lipase, perfused hearts.

scholarly journals High Light Intensities Can Be Used to Grow Healthy and Robust Cannabis Plants During the Vegetative Stage of Indoor Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Moher ◽  
David Llewellyn ◽  
Max Jones ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Light Intensities

Although the vegetative stage of indoor cannabis production can be relatively short in duration, there is a high energy demand due to higher light intensities (LI) than the clonal propagation stage and longer photoperiods than the flowering stage (i.e., 16 – 24 hours vs. 12 hours). While electric lighting is a major component of both energy consumption and overall production costs, there is a lack of scientific information to guide cultivators in selecting a LI that corresponds to their vegetative stage production strategies. To determine the vegetative plant responses to LI, clonal plants of ‘Gelato’ were grown for 21 days with canopy-level photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging between 135 and 1430 µmol·m-2·s-1 on a 16-hour photoperiod (i.e., daily light integrals of ≈ 8 to 80 mol·m-2·d-1). Plant height and growth index responded quadratically; the number of nodes, stem thickness, and aboveground dry weight increased asymptotically; and internode length and water content of aboveground tissues decreased linearly with increasing LI. Foliar attributes had varying responses to LI. Chlorophyll content index increased asymptotically, leaf size decreased linearly and specific leaf weight increased linearly with increasing LI. Generally, PPFD levels of ≈ 900 µmol·m-2·s-1 produced compact, robust plants that are commercially relevant, while PPFD levels of ≈ 600 µmol·m-2·s-1 promoted plant morphology with more open architecture – to increase airflow and reduce the potential foliar pests in compact (i.e., indica-dominant) genotypes.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine Combined Generating Plants in Japan

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooji Ujita ◽  
Harumi Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Progressive Increase

In these days, there has been a progressive increase in the application of gas turbines to the industrial field in Japan. Based on favorable reliability, the increasing demands of electric power have created the high capacity of gas and steam turbine combined plants.

CuS2 sheets: a hidden anode material with a high capacity for sodium-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohua Lu ◽  
Weidong Hu ◽  
Xiaojun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries

Due to their low cost and improved safety compared to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries have attracted worldwide attention in recent decades.

Receptor Mediated Binding of the Fibrinolytic Components, Plasminogen and Urokinase, to Peripheral Blood Cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 936-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey A Miles ◽  
Edward F Plow
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Fibrinolytic Proteins

SummaryGlu-plasminogen binds to platelets; the monocytoid line, U937, and the human fetal fibroblast line, GM1380 bind both plasminogen and its activator, urokinase. This study assesses the interaction of these fibrinolytic proteins with circulating human blood cells. Plasminogen bound minimally to red cells but bound saturably and reversibly to monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes with apparent Kd values of 0.9-1.4 μM. The interactions were of high capacity with 1.6 to 49 × 105 sites/cell and involved the lysine binding sites of plasminogen. Both T cells and non-rosetting lymphocytes and two B cell lines saturably bound plasminogen. Urokinase bound saturably to gianulocytes, monocytes, non-rosetting lymphocytes and a B cell line, but minimally to T cells, platelets and red cells. Therefore, plasminogen binding sites of high capacity, of similar affinities, and with common recognition specificities are expressed by many peripheral blood cells. Urokinase receptors are also widely distributed, but less so than plasminogen binding sites. The binding ol plasminogen and/ or urokinase to these cells may lead to generation of cell- associated proteolytic activity which contributes to a variety of cellular functions.

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