scholarly journals Diversity, biocontrol, and growth promotion potential of culturable endophytic fungi isolated from root, shoot, and leaf of wild Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang across the seasons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Yu ◽  
Ying Yao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Phoebe Bournei

Endophytic fungi were isolated from Phoebe bournei and their diversity and antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting activities were investigated. Of the 389 isolated endophytic fungi, 88.90% belonged to phylum Ascomycota and 11.10% to phylum Basidiomycota. The isolates were grouped into four taxonomic classes, 11 orders, 30 genera, and 45 species based on internal transcribed spacer sequencing and morphologic analysis. The host showed a strong affinity for the genera Diaporthe and Phyllosticta. The diversity of the fungi was highest in autumn, followed by spring and summer, and was lowest in winter. The fungi exhibited notable tissue specificity in P. bournei, and the species richness and diversity were highest in the root across all seasons. Five isolates showed antimicrobial activity against eight plant pathogens, and reduced the incidence of leaf spot disease in P. bournei. Additionally, 9 biocontrol isolates showed plant growth-promoting activity, with five significantly promoting P. bournei seedling growth. This is the first report on the endophytic fungi of P. bournei and their potential applicability to plant disease control and growth promotion.

scholarly journals A window into fungal endophytism in Salicornia europaea: deciphering fungal characteristics as plant growth promoting agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 445 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 577-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bliss Ursula Furtado ◽  
Sonia Szymańska ◽  
Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Salicornia Europaea ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
Pectolytic Activity ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract Aim Plant-endophytic associations exist only when equilibrium is maintained between both partners. This study analyses the properties of endophytic fungi inhabiting a halophyte growing in high soil salinity and tests whether these fungi are beneficial or detrimental when non-host plants are inoculated. Method Fungi were isolated from Salicornia europaea collected from two sites differing in salinization history (anthropogenic and naturally saline) and analyzed for plant growth promoting abilities and non-host plant interactions. Results Most isolated fungi belonged to Ascomycota (96%) including dematiaceous fungi and commonly known plant pathogens and saprobes. The strains were metabolically active for siderophores, polyamines and indole-3-acetic acid (mainly Aureobasidium sp.) with very low activity for phosphatases. Many showed proteolytic, lipolytic, chitinolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic activities but low pectolytic activity. Different activities between similar fungal species found in both sites were particularly seen for Epiccocum sp., Arthrinium sp. and Trichoderma sp. Inoculating the non-host Lolium perenne with selected fungi increased plant growth, mainly in the symbiont (Epichloë)-free variety. Arthrinium gamsii CR1-9 and Stereum gausapatum ISK3-11 were most effective for plant growth promotion. Conclusions This research suggests that host lifestyle and soil characteristics have a strong effect on endophytic fungi, and environmental stress could disturb the plant-fungi relations. In favourable conditions, these fungi may be effective in facilitating crop production in non-cultivable saline lands.

scholarly journals Improvement of Cadmium Detoxification Potential and Plant Growth Promotion by Bacterial Endophytes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that suppresses plant growth; however, application of endophytic bacteria can increase resistance of plants against Cd, as well as improve plant growth. Two bacterial endophytic strains were isolated from Solanum nigrum and were identified as Serratia sp. AI001 and Enterobacter sp. AI002 by 16S DNA sequencing. Strains AI001 and AI002, tolerated up to 25 mg/mL Cd in broth culture and showed phosphate solubilization potential in Pikovskaya agar medium. AI001 and AI002 produced indole-3-acetic acid, which was confirmed by gas spectrometry-mass chromatography. Brassica plants stressed with 0, 5, 15, and 25 mg/L Cd showed significant decrease in plant growth, chlorophyll content and biomass, and significant increase in Cd dose-dependent electrolyte leakage. Inoculation of strain AI001 or AI002 significantly enhanced the plant growth attributes of shoot length, root length, chlorophyll content, and biomass as compared to those in uninoculated plants. Reduced glutathione contents in plants stressed with different concentrations of Cd also increased with inoculation of AI001 and AI002. The reason of Cd resistance enhancement in plants by inocula could be due to their greater plant growth promoting activities as well as their antioxidative response.

Biocontrol of Ear Rot Fungi By Plant Growth Promoting Fluorescent Pseudomonads

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Mishra ◽  
Malvika Rajnandani ◽  
Naveen Kumar Arora
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonads ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

In India, maize is the third most important food crop after rice and wheat but the productivity is severely affected as the plant is also prone to a number of diseases caused by fungi and bacteria. Ear rot caused by <italic>Fusarium moniliforme</italic> is one of the economically important soil and seed borne disease of maize and not easily controlled by chemical methods. Antagonistic bacteria may constitute an alternative for improving the crop productivity. In this study 13 fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from rhizosphere of different plants and screened for plant growth promoting activities and biocontrol potential against <italic>F. moniliforme</italic> ITCC No. 2193. Among them a potential isolate, W3Gr-6(b) not only inhibited growth of <italic>F. moniliforme</italic> under in-vitro conditions but was also capable of maize growth promotion in presence of pathogen.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Plant Growth-Promoting Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Sophora flavescens

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adiyadolgor Turbat ◽  
Dávid Rakk ◽  
Aruna Vigneshwari ◽  
Sándor Kocsubé ◽  
Huynh Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Sophora Flavescens ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Endophytic fungi in symbiotic association with their host plant are well known to improve plant growth and reduce the adverse effects of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, fungal endophytes are beginning to receive increased attention in an effort to find growth-promoting strains that could be applied to enhance crop yield and quality. In our study, the plant growth-promoting activities of endophytic fungi isolated from various parts of Sophora flavescens (a medicinally important plant in Mongolia and China) have been revealed and investigated. Fungal isolates were identified using molecular taxonomical methods, while their plant growth-promoting abilities were evaluated in plate assays. Altogether, 15 strains were isolated, representing the genera Alternaria, Didymella, Fusarium and Xylogone. Five of the isolates possessed phosphate solubilization activities and twelve secreted siderophores, while all of them were able to produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) in the presence or absence of tryptophan. The endogenous and exogenous accumulation of IAA were also monitored in liquid cultures using the HPLC-MS/MS technique to refine the plate assay results. Furthermore, for the highest IAA producer fungi, the effects of their extracts were also examined in plant bioassays. In these tests, the primary root lengths of the model Arabidopsis thaliana were increased in several cases, while the biomasses were significantly lower than the control IAA treatment. Significant alterations have also been detected in the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll-a, -b and carotenoids) content due to the fungal extract treatments, but these changes did not show any specific trends.

Diversity and Antimicrobial and Plant-Growth-Promoting Activities of Endophytic Fungi in Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Mei Chen ◽  
Hai Ling Dong ◽  
Ke Xing Hu ◽  
Zhi Rong Sun ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

scholarly journals THE PHSYIOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM BANANA’S RHIZOSPHERE FROM MALAKA, EAST NUSA TENGGARA, AND THEIR ROLE ON PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION ON MARGINAL LAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toga Pangihotan Napitupulu ◽  
Atit Kanti ◽  
I Made Sudiana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Insoluble Phosphate ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The objective of the study was to isolate microorganism that can produce growth hormone, fix atmospheric nitrogen, and solubilize inorganic phosphate that may be used for enhancing the growth of banana in marginal land.  A total of 25 bacteria associated with banana that belonged to six genera were isolated from namely Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Klebsiella, Rhizobium, and Cupriavidus genera. Gammaproteobacteria is the dominant class, followed by Betaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. All isolates were screened for multiple plant growth promoting traits which may play a role in banana growth, namely fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate, and producing Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). Twenty-two isolates were capable to fix nitrogen, 21 isolates can solubilize insoluble phosphate, and 15 isolates produced IAA dependent of L-Tryptophan presence. Despite most of the bacteria isolates exhibited one plant growth-promoting activities, Enterobacter and Klebsiella genera showed three of plant growth promoting bacteria traits. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytase Producing Bacteria for Their Plant Growth Promoting Activities

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Singh ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Bacterial inoculants are known to possess plant growth promoting abilities and have potential as liquid biofertilizer application. Four phytase producing bacterial isolates (phytase activity in the range of 0.076–0.174 U/mL), identified asAdvenellaspecies (PB-05, PB-06, and PB-10) andCellulosimicrobiumsp. PB-09, were analyzed for their plant growth promoting activities like siderophore production, IAA production, HCN production, ammonia production, phosphate solubilization, and antifungal activity. All isolates were positive for the above characteristics except for HCN production. The solubilization index for phosphorus on Pikovskaya agar plates was in the range of 2–4. Significant amount of IAA (7.19 to 35.03 μg/mL) production and solubilized phosphate (189.53 to 746.84 μg/mL) was noticed by these isolates at different time intervals. Besides that, a greenhouse study was also conducted with Indian mustard to evaluate the potential of these isolates to promote plant growth. Effect of seed bacterization on various plant growth parameters and P uptake by plant were used as indicators. The plant growth promoting ability of bacterial isolates in pot experiments was correlated to IAA production, phosphate solubilization, and otherin vitrotests. On the basis of present findings, isolate PB-06 was most promising in plant growth promotion with multiple growth promoting characteristics.

scholarly journals Pathogen Biocontrol Using Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPR): Role of Bacterial Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1988
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Runjin Liu ◽  
Ming Pei You ◽  
Martin J. Barbetti ◽  
Yinglong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Disease Management

A vast microbial community inhabits in the rhizosphere, among which, specialized bacteria known as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) confer benefits to host plants including growth promotion and disease suppression. PGPR taxa vary in the ways whereby they curtail the negative effects of invading plant pathogens. However, a cumulative or synergistic effect does not always ensue when a bacterial consortium is used. In this review, we reassess the disease-suppressive mechanisms of PGPR and present explanations and illustrations for functional diversity and/or stability among PGPR taxa regarding these mechanisms. We also provide evidence of benefits when PGPR mixtures, rather than individuals, are used for protecting crops from various diseases, and underscore the critical determinant factors for successful use of PGPR mixtures. Then, we evaluate the challenges of and limitations to achieving the desired outcomes from strain/species-rich bacterial assemblages, particularly in relation to their role for plant disease management. In addition, towards locating additive or synergistic outcomes, we highlight why and how the benefits conferred need to be categorized and quantified when different strains/species of PGPR are used in combinations. Finally, we highlight the critical approaches needed for developing PGPR mixtures with improved efficacy and stability as biocontrols for utilization in agricultural fields.

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