The effect of temperature on site index in western Canada and Scandinavia estimated from IUFRO Pinus contorta provenance experiments

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Fries ◽  
Dag Lindgren ◽  
Cheng C. Ying ◽  
Seppo Ruotsalainen ◽  
Katarina Lindgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Western Canada

The effect of temperature on site index in western Canada and Scandinavia estimated from IUFRO Pinus contorta provenance experiments

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Fries ◽  
Dag Lindgren ◽  
Cheng C Ying ◽  
Seppo Ruotsalainen ◽  
Katarina Lindgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
International Union ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Wide Range

Site index was calculated for 78 experimental plantations in western Canada and northern Finland and Sweden, representing a wide range of site environments where lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) is considered as a potential afforestation species. The plantations and provenances belong to the International Union of Forest Research Organizations' international provenance testing program, and estimates of site index (projected 50-year height) were based on height growth of recommended provenances. The estimated site indices were used in regression analyses with temperature data and estimated soil fertilities to predict the change in forest production due to a warmer climate, which may follow an expected rise in atmospheric CO2. The influence of temperature was strong and considerably stronger in northern Finland and Sweden than in Canada. The relationships differed between the two continents and between sites located north of 56°N and south of that latitude. Soil fertility had a small but significant influence. Estimates of increases in site index and potential productivity in different scenarios for increases in temperature sum and average July temperatures are given.

scholarly journals Early Height Growth and Site Index of Lodgepole Pine Under Wet and Dry Soil Moisture Regimes in British Columbia

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Gordon D. Nigh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Soil Moisture Availability ◽  
A Site ◽  
Growth Intercept

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether the relationship between site index and early height growth of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) is the same on wet and dry sites. If the height growth/site index relationship is the same for different site types, then only one growth intercept model is required to estimate site index. Indicator variables in nonlinear regression were used to incorporate soil moisture availability into a growth intercept model. One set of parameters in a site index/early height growth model was adequate for both wet and dry sites. This result was supported graphically. Therefore, only one growth intercept model is necessary for the sites examined in this study. West. J. Appl. For. 12(1):5-8.

A Lodgepole Pine Density Management Diagram

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. McCarter ◽  
James N. Long
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Management Regimes

Abstract A diagram is presented that can greatly facilitate density management of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands. Together with site index tables or curves, the diagram can be used to estimate average tree sizes and total yields produced under various density management regimes. Its use is illustrated with three alternative regimes. West. J. Appl. For. 1:6-11, Jan. 1986

GROUPING OF ISOLATES OF A LOW-TEMPERATURE BASIDIOMYCETE ON THE BASIS OF CULTURAL BEHAVIOR AND PATHOGENICITY

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. B. Ward ◽  
J. B. Lebeau ◽  
M. W. Cormack
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Type A ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Type B ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
Type C ◽  
Ph Range

Isolates of an unidentified low-temperature basidiomycete, associated with snow mold in Western Canada, were divided into three types, A, B, and C, on the basis of their general cultural appearance. Support for this classification was obtained when representative isolates of each type were examined to determine: the effect of temperature and pH on growth; tolerance of antibiotics and HCN; ability to liberate HCN in culture and in the host plant; pathogenicity.Type A isolates grew slowly under most conditions and were least tolerant of the extremes of temperature and pH employed, moderately inhibited by antibiotics, and strongly inhibited by HCN. They produced HCN in large quantities in host plants and none in culture. They were moderately pathogenic on grass and highly pathogenic on alfalfa. Type B isolates grew somewhat more rapidly than type A, especially at the upper and lower temperatures, and grew over a wider pH range. These isolates were more tolerant of antibiotics and HCN. They produced smaller quantities of HCN than type A in infected alfalfa plants but released large amounts in culture. They were less pathogenic than type A on alfalfa but similarly pathogenic on grass. Type C isolates were fast-growing forms which were strongly inhibited by antibiotics and HCN. They did not liberate HCN under any conditions and were not pathogenic.

How well can we select undamaged site trees for estimating site index?

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1989-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D Nigh ◽  
Bobby A Love
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Unbiased Estimates

The best estimates of site index, an indicator of site productivity, are obtained from site trees. Undamaged site trees should be sampled to obtain unbiased estimates of site index. Two juvenile height growth modelling projects provided us with sufficient data to assess our ability to select undamaged lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) site trees. The sample trees were split open to measure height growth from the terminal bud scars. Splitting the stems also revealed damage that was not visible from the outside of the tree. Over 50% of the lodgepole pine trees and 75% of the white spruce trees had damage, which was much higher than expected. Possible causes of damage are frost and insects. The damage does not significantly reduce the height of the spruce trees, but there is evidence that the heights of the lodgepole pine trees are reduced.

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF STORED WHEAT

1943 ◽  
Vol 21c (10) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ansel Anderson ◽  
J. D. Babbitt ◽  
W. O. S. Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Temperature Differential ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Convective Movement

Local increases in the moisture content of dry wheat stored in country elevator annexes have occasionally been observed in Western Canada. A laboratory experiment suggests that the chief cause is a temperature differential established during the winter. The air in the warmer parts of the grain contains a greater quantity of water vapour than that in the colder, and moisture is transferred either by diffusion or by the convective movement of the air as a whole. A temperature difference of 35 °C, across 6 ft. of grain having an initial moisture content of 14.6%, caused the moisture content at the cold end (0 °C.) to rise to over 20% in 316 days. The experiment indicates that this movement of moisture is a slow process and that equilibrium conditions are never established for any practical length of time or mass of wheat.

Inonotus weirii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Pegler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Infected Material ◽  
Root Contact

Abstract A description is provided for Inonotus weirii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Abies amabilis, A. grandis, A. lasiocarpa, Chamaecyparis spp., Larix occidentalis, Picea engelmannii, P. sitchensis, Pinus contorta, P. monticola, P. ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla. DISEASE: Laminated butt rot and yellow ring rot of conifers. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Western Canada, Oregon, Washington); Japan. TRANSMISSION: The disease is spread by root contact with infected material in the soil; there appears to be little spread of the fungus by growth through the soil. It is likely that infection of freshly exposed wounds takes place through airborne basidiospores.

Lodgepole pine/Labrador tea type communities of western Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
W L Strong
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Labrador Tea ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ledum Groenlandicum

Lodgepole pine/Labrador tea (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia/Ledum groenlandicum Oeder) relevés were classified and characterized based on data from archival sources (n = 428). Eleven forest communities were recognized and were distinguished by the relative dominance of Sphagnum, Cladina and Cladonia, Lycopodium, Vaccinium species, or feathermosses. Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP was the common secondary successional species. Most paired-community comparisons were nonoverlapping in ordination space, although intermingling sometimes occurred along interfaces. Lodgepole pine/Labrador tea stands occurred on upland sites within the boreal–cordilleran ecoclimatic transition zone along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains from southwestern Alberta to the southern Yukon Territory. Nine communities had mesic to subhygric moisture and submesotrophic to mesotrophic nutrient regimes. The exceptions were a Pinus contorta/Ledum groenlandicum/Sphagnum (wetter sites) and a Pinus contorta/Ledum groenlandicum/Cladina mitis (drier sites) community. An inverse correlation occurred between latitudinal location and elevation of occurrence (r = –0.56, P < 0.001, n = 403) with a northward decline of 65 m/100 km. The concept of a "type community" is proposed for formally documenting the composition of plant communities and optimizing the comparability of different types. Eight of the recognized communities fulfilled the proposed criteria for a type community and two were considered provisional types.Key words: vegetation classification, Pinus contorta, Ledum groenlandicum, type community.

Effects of mechanical site preparation and slash removal on long-term productivity of conifer plantations in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1311-1319
Author(s):  
Karin Hjelm ◽  
Urban Nilsson ◽  
Ulf Johansson ◽  
Per Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Individual Trees

Mechanical site preparation is commonly used to increase survival and early growth of newly planted seedlings. Ideally, any early positive effects of site preparation should persist for a long time, but concerns have been raised as to whether intensive site preparation might have a negative effect on the long-term productivity of a stand. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the long-term effects of different site-preparation methods on productivity and determine any possible interactions with tree species and site fertility. In the 1980s, a randomized block experiment was established at sites throughout Sweden. Four site-preparation methods of various intensities were performed on different sites: (i) an untreated control, (ii) disc trenching, (iii) mounding, and (iv) ploughing. As a complementary treatment, slash was either retained or removed from some plots. Depending on soil moisture class, geographical position, and site index, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), or lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) were planted in pure stands. Growth variables such as height and diameter were measured during the first years after establishment. After about 30 years, these variables were remeasured at the level of individual trees. Overall, an increased production of the planted trees after site preparation was found. Neither intensive site preparation (such as ploughing) nor slash removal had any negative effect on the long-term productivity of these experimental stands.

Dissemination of the mycoparasite Scytalidium uredinicola by Epuraea obliquus (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1338-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron R. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study aims to identify the role of the beetle Epuraea obliquus Hatch in disseminating Scytalidium uredinicola Kuhlman et al., a mycoparasite of western gall rust, Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka. The study was conducted in a lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm., stand near Hinton, Alberta. Mycoparasite spores were observed on the integument of adult beetles collected from western gall rust. In field and greenhouse experiments, adult beetles inoculated with spores of the mycoparasite caused significant numbers of S. uredinicola infections on western gall rust. Since E. obliquus adults migrate between galls, the beetle can transfer the mycoparasite from parasitized to unparasitized galls. Scanning electron microscopy showed that spores of the mycoparasite were common on the body of overwintering beetles. It is believed that these overwintering spores are viable because a culture was successfully established from them. This suggests that beetles emerging in the spring can disseminate S. uredinicola to previously uninfected galls. Epuraea obliquus is an important insect vector of S. uredinicola in western Canada. Key words: mycoparasite, vector, spore dispersal, western gall rust, pine stem rusts.

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