The study of intracellular and secreted high-molecular-mass protease(s) of Trichoderma spp., and their responses to conidiation stimuli

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 653-667
Author(s):  
Matej Mat’at’a ◽  
Helena Galádová ◽  
L’udovít Varečka ◽  
Martin Šimkovič
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Penicillium Purpurogenum ◽  
The Media

We continued our study of high-molecular-mass proteases (HMMPs) using several strains of the genus Trichoderma, and other filamentous fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum, and Penicillium purpurogenum). We found that five Trichoderma strains secreted HMMPs into the media after induction with bovine serum albumin. Botrytis cinerea and F. culmorum secreted proteases in the absence of inducer, while A. niger or P. purpurogenum did not secrete proteolytic activity (PA). The activity of HMMPs secreted by or intracellularly located in Trichoderma spp. represents the predominant part of cellular PA, according to zymogram patterns. This observation allowed the study of HMMPs’ physiological role(s) independent from the secretion. In studying conidiation, we found that illumination significantly stimulated PA in Trichoderma strains. In the T. atroviride IMI 206040 strain, we demonstrated that this stimulation is dependent on the BLR1 and BLR2 receptors. No stimulation of PA was observed when mechanical injury was used as an elicitor of conidiation. Compounds used as inhibitors or activators of conidiation exerted no congruent effects on both PA and conidiation. These results do not favour a direct role of HMMPs in conidiation. Probably, HMMP activity may be involved in the process of the activation of metabolism during vegetative growth, differentiation, and aging-related processes.

scholarly journals Role of DNAS1L3 in Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent cleavage of DNA into oligonucleosomal and high molecular mass fragments

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1999-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Yakovlev ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
B. A. Stoica ◽  
C. M. Simbulan-Rosenthal ◽  
M. E. Smulson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
High Molecular Mass

scholarly journals Anaerobic and Aerobic Degradation of Cyanophycin by the Denitrifying Bacterium Pseudomonas alcaligenes Strain DIP1 and Role of Three Other Coisolates in a Mixed Bacterial Consortium

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 3434-3443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sallam ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Pseudomonas Alcaligenes

ABSTRACT Four bacterial strains were isolated from a cyanophycin granule polypeptide (CGP)-degrading anaerobic consortium, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and assigned to species of the genera Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Clostridium, and Paenibacillus. The consortium member responsible for CGP degradation was assigned as Pseudomonas alcaligenes strain DIP1. The growth of and CGP degradation by strain DIP1 under anaerobic conditions were enhanced but not dependent on the presence of nitrate as an electron acceptor. CGP was hydrolyzed to its constituting β-Asp-Arg dipeptides, which were then completely utilized within 25 and 4 days under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. The end products of CGP degradation by strain DIP1 were alanine, succinate, and ornithine as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The facultative anaerobic Enterococcus casseliflavus strain ELS3 and the strictly anaerobic Clostridium sulfidogenes strain SGB2 were coisolates and utilized the β-linked isodipeptides from the common pool available to the mixed consortium, while the fourth isolate, Paenibacillus odorifer strain PNF4, did not play a direct role in the biodegradation of CGP. Several syntrophic interactions affecting CGP degradation, such as substrate utilization, the reduction of electron acceptors, and aeration, were elucidated. This study demonstrates the first investigation of CGP degradation under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions by one bacterial strain, with regard to the physiological role of other bacteria in a mixed consortium.

scholarly journals How do terrestrial plants access high molecular mass organic nitrogen, and why does it matter for soil organic matter stabilization?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Organic Matter Stabilization

AbstractAlthough there is increasing awareness of the potential role of organic N compounds (ON) in plant nutrition, its implications for soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization have hardly been discussed yet. The aim of this paper is therefore to gather the newest insights into plant use of high molecular mass organic N, its effect on root growth and anatomy, and finally, to discuss the implications of plant use of organic N for SOM stabilization. I propose that modified root growth due to the uptake of ON provides greater root and root-associated microbe input, leading to enhanced SOM stabilization. Finally, I discuss the role of the proposed framework in different ecosystems, and I encourage future studies combining plant N nutrition and SOM stabilization.

scholarly journals BKCa (Slo) Channel Regulates Mitochondrial Function and Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubha Gururaja Rao ◽  
Piotr Bednarczyk ◽  
Atif Towheed ◽  
Kajol Shah ◽  
Priyanka Karekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Organ Protection ◽  
Bkca Channels ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Mitochondrial Structure ◽  
And Function

BKCa channels, originally discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as slowpoke (slo), are recognized for their roles in cellular and organ physiology. Pharmacological approaches implicated BKCa channels in cellular and organ protection possibly for their ability to modulate mitochondrial function. However, the direct role of BKCa channels in regulating mitochondrial structure and function is not deciphered. Here, we demonstrate that BKCa channels are present in fly mitochondria, and slo mutants show structural and functional defects in mitochondria. slo mutants display an increase in reactive oxygen species and the modulation of ROS affected their survival. We also found that the absence of BKCa channels reduced the lifespan of Drosophila, and overexpression of human BKCa channels in flies extends life span in males. Our study establishes the presence of BKCa channels in mitochondria of Drosophila and ascertains its novel physiological role in regulating mitochondrial structural and functional integrity, and lifespan.

scholarly journals Characterizing the in vivo role of trehalose inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeusing theAGT1transporter

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (19) ◽  
pp. 6116-6121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Gibney ◽  
Ariel Schieler ◽  
Jonathan C. Chen ◽  
Joshua D. Rabinowitz ◽  
David Botstein
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Trehalose Biosynthesis

Trehalose is a highly stable, nonreducing disaccharide of glucose. A large body of research exists implicating trehalose in a variety of cellular phenomena, notably response to stresses of various kinds. However, in very few cases has the role of trehalose been examined directly in vivo. Here, we describe the development and characterization of a system inSaccharomyces cerevisiaethat allows us to manipulate intracellular trehalose concentrations independently of the biosynthetic enzymes and independently of any applied stress. We found that many physiological roles heretofore ascribed to intracellular trehalose, including heat resistance, are not due to the presence of trehalose per se. We also found that many of the metabolic and growth defects associated with mutations in the trehalose biosynthesis pathway are not abolished by providing abundant intracellular trehalose. Instead, we made the observation that intracellular accumulation of trehalose or maltose (another disaccharide of glucose) is growth-inhibitory in a carbon source-specific manner. We conclude that the physiological role of the trehalose pathway is fundamentally metabolic: i.e., more complex than simply the consequence of increased concentrations of the sugar and its attendant physical properties (with the exception of the companion paper where Tapia et al. [Tapia H, et al. (2015)Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 10.1073/pnas.1506415112] demonstrate a direct role for trehalose in protecting cells against desiccation).

Role of high molecular mass organics in colour formation during biological treatment of pulp and paper wastewater

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Milestone ◽  
T.R. Stuthridge ◽  
R.R. Fulthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Organic Constituents ◽  
Paper Wastewater

This paper forms part of series of biological treatment colour behaviour studies. Surveys across a range of mills have observed colour increases in aerated stabilisation basins of 20–45%. Much of the colour formation has been demonstrated to occur in high molecular mass effluent organic constituents (HMM) present in bleach plant effluents. Removing material greater than 3,000 Da essentially eliminated the colour forming ability in both E and D stage wastewaters. We have also shown that pulp and paper sludges contain anaerobic bacteria capable of reducing humic like materials. Colour formation was correlated to the anoxic conditions and the availability of readily biodegradable organic constituents during the wastewater treatment process. Overall, these studies suggest that colour formation in pulp and paper biological treatment systems may be caused by anaerobic bacteria using HMM material from the bleaching effluents as an electron acceptor for growth. This leads to the reduction of the material, which in turn leads to non-reversible internal changes, such as intra-molecular polymerisation or formation of chromophoric functional groups.

scholarly journals Contribution of fungal microbiome to intestinal physiology, early-life immune development and mucosal inflammation in mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik van Tilburg Bernardes ◽  
Veronika Kuchařová Pettersen ◽  
Mackenzie W. Gutierrez ◽  
Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe ◽  
Nicholas G. Jendzjowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Immune Development

AbstractGut microbiomes make major contributions to the physiological and immunological development of the host, but the relative importance of their bacterial and fungal components, and how they interact, remain largely unknown. We applied carefully controlled experiments in gnotobiotic mice colonized with defined communities of bacteria, fungi, or both to differentiate the direct role of fungi on microbiome assembly, host development, and susceptibility to colitis and airway inflammation. Our results revealed that fungal colonization alone was insufficient to promote the intestinal anatomic and physiological changes seen in mice colonized by bacteria, and had limited impact on the fecal metabolome. However, fungal colonization promoted major shifts in bacterial microbiome ecology, and had an independent effect on the innate and adaptive immune development in young mice. Fungi further exacerbated some aspects of the inflammatory effects of the bacterial community during OVA-induced airway inflammation by promoting macrophage infiltration in the airway. Our results demonstrate a dominant ecological and physiological role of bacteria in gut microbiomes, but highlight fungi as an ecological factor shaping the assembly of the bacterial community and a direct capacity to impact immune system and modulate disease susceptibility. These findings demonstrate that studies focused on bacteria alone provide an incomplete portrayal on microbiome ecology and functionality, and prompt for the inclusion of fungi in human microbiome studies.

Biliary excretion of proteins in the rat during dehydrocholate choleresis

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1286-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl A. Marinelli ◽  
Cristina E. Carnovale ◽  
Emilio A. Rodríguez Garay
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Microtubule Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
The Individual

Choleresis induced by dehydrocholate (DHC) stimulates the discharge into bile of lysosomes, which are implicated in the biliary excretion of proteins. Contrary to taurocholate-induced choleresis, DHC choleresis is not affected by microtubule (mt) inhibition. Therefore, the role of mt's in the biliary protein excretion during bile salt choleresis was analyzed in this study. Normal rats and rats treated with the mt poisons colchicine or vinblastine or with the acidotropic agent chloroquine (Cq) were used. The analysis of the protein component in bile was made on SDS–polyacrylamide gel, and the individual polypeptides were quantitated by densitometry. The excretion of bile polypeptides was compared with that of lysosomal acid phosphatase. Bile flow and bile salt output did not show changes on account of treatments. The biliary excretion of acid phosphatase was stimulated by DHC, and it was not affected by mt inhibitors but was markedly diminished by Cq. DHC choleresis produced different effects on the bile polypeptides. The biliary excretion of polypeptides of high molecular mass (84–140 kDa) was stimulated by DHC. Cq treatment increased their basal biliary excretions, whereas DHC-induced secretion was qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that of controls. The 69-kDa polypeptide (albumin) also increased during DHC-induced choleresis, but it showed a different excretory pattern. Cq treatment inhibited such an increase but no correlation with the excretory pattern of the lysosomal marker was found. The biliary excretion of polypeptides of low molecular mass (down to 14 kDa) suffered a transitory decrease and then a subsequent increase over basal values during the DHC choleresis. Cq treatment diminished their biliary excretions during basal and DHC-induced choleresis. Treatment with the mt inhibitors markedly diminished the biliary excretions of all polypeptides. The results indicate that DHC-induced choleresis influenced the biliary protein excretion in a way different to that induced by taurocholate. Thus, the biliary excretion of proteins that did not require lysosomes to reach the bile was stimulated, while that requiring such organelles was transiently diminished. In addition, the biliary excretion of proteins was dependent on mt's excepting those of lysosomal source.Key words: dehydrocholate choleresis, biliary proteins, microtubule inhibitors, chloroquine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document