THE INHERITANCE OF REACTION TO BLACK STEM RUST OF WHEAT IN A DICOCCUM × VULGARE CROSS

1929 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Harrington ◽  
W. K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Genetical Study ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Black Stem Rust

A genetical study of resistance of wheat to black stem rust, and a plant breeding attack on the rust problem are described. A large F2 population of the cross Vernal (T. dicoccum) × Marquis (T. vulgare) was grown under severe natural epidemic conditions in the field and hundreds of F3 progenies were exposed in the seedling stage, under controlled conditions, to pure physiologic forms of rust. In the field Vernal is highly resistant and Marquis susceptible to most forms of stem rust. Resistance in the field proved incompletely dominant and appeared to be governed by a single genetic factor. Marquis and Vernal were found to differ by one main genetic factor, Rb, for seedling reaction to form 21. This factor Rb, carried by Vernal, also governs seedling resistance to forms 17, 29 and 36 and appears to be responsible for the slight seedling resistance of Vernal to form 27. There was some evidence that the factor Rb is the same factor that controls the resistance of the F2 plants to the forms of rust in the field (forms 17, 21, 29 and 36 were known to be present.) A different factor Ra causes the resistance of Marquis seedlings to form 27. Vernal resistance was not found to be associated closely with the seed shape of that variety nor with its adherence of glumes to the seed.

Seedling resistances to rust diseases in international triticale germplasm

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
C. R. Wellings ◽  
R. A. McIntosh ◽  
R. F. Park
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Rust Diseases

Seedling resistances to stem rust, leaf rust and stripe rust were evaluated in the 37th International Triticale Screening Nursery, distributed by the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) in 2005. In stem rust tests, 12 and 69 of a total of 81 entries were postulated to carry Sr27 and SrSatu, respectively. When compared with previous studies of CIMMYT triticale nurseries distributed from 1980 to 1986 and 1991 to 1993, the results suggest a lack of expansion in the diversity of stem rust resistance. A total of 62 of 64 entries were resistant to five leaf rust pathotypes. In stripe rust tests, ~93% of the lines were postulated to carry Yr9 alone or in combination with other genes. The absence of Lr26 in these entries indicated that Yr9 and Lr26 are not genetically associated in triticale. A high proportion of nursery entries (63%) were postulated to carry an uncharacterised gene, YrJackie. The 13 lines resistant to stripe rust and the 62 entries resistant to leaf rust represent potentially useful sources of seedling resistance in developing new triticale cultivars. Field rust tests are needed to verify if seedling susceptible entries also carry adult plant resistance.

scholarly journals Mapping and Characterization of a Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene in Durum Wheat “Kronos”

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongna Li ◽  
Lei Hua ◽  
Matthew N. Rouse ◽  
Tianya Li ◽  
Shuyong Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Or Gene

Wheat stem (or black) rust is one of the most devastating fungal diseases, threatening global wheat production. Identification, mapping, and deployment of effective resistance genes are critical to addressing this challenge. In this study, we mapped and characterized one stem rust resistance (Sr) gene from the tetraploid durum wheat variety Kronos (temporary designation SrKN). This gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2B and confers resistance to multiple virulent Pgt races, such as TRTTF and BCCBC. Using a large mapping population (3,366 gametes), we mapped SrKN within a 0.29 cM region flanked by the sequenced-based markers pku4856F2R2 and pku4917F3R3, which corresponds to 5.6- and 7.2-Mb regions in the Svevo and Chinese Spring reference genomes, respectively. Both regions include a cluster of nucleotide binding leucine-repeat (NLR) genes that likely includes the candidate gene. An allelism test failed to detect recombination between SrKN and the previously mapped Sr9e gene. This result, together with the similar seedling resistance responses and resistance profiles, suggested that SrKN and Sr9e may represent the same gene. We introgressed SrKN into common wheat and developed completely linked markers to accelerate its deployment in the wheat breeding programs. SrKN can be a valuable component of transgenic cassettes or gene pyramids that includes multiple resistance genes to control this devastating disease.

GENETICS OF STEM RUST RESISTANCE IN WHEAT CULTIVARS ROMANY, Es.P 518/9, BONNY AND TAMA

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Dyck ◽  
G. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Moderate Resistance

The genetics of resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici) was investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Romany, Es.P 518/9, Bonny and Tama that are resistant to many races in both Canada and Kenya. Seedling resistance in the four cultivars to 12 Canadian races is controlled primarily by previously identified genes. The results indicate that the cultivars have the following genes: Romany — Sr5, Sr6, Sr7a, Sr9b and SrW; Es.P 518/9 — Sr5, Sr6, Sr7a, Sr8, Sr9b, SrW and possibly Sr17; Bonny — Sr6 and Sr11; and Tama — Sr6 and Sr8. Gene SrW confers moderate resistance and is also present in the cultivar Webster.

ADULT PLANT REACTION TO STEM RUST OF LINES OF MARQUIS WHEAT WITH SUBSTITUTED GENES FOR RESISTANCE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Green ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Substitution Lines

The adult plant reactions to eight races of stem rust were determined for nine lines of Marquis wheat carrying identified genes for stem rust resistance, three lines of the variety Chinese into which single chromosomes of Red Egyptian had been substituted, and six parental varieties. The adult plant reactions of the Marquis lines carrying the genes Sr6, Sr7, and Sr8 resembled the seedling reactions. The Marquis line carrying Sr9a from Kenya 117A and Sr9b from Red Egyptian were similar in adult plant reaction although they differed in seedling reaction to a culture of race 29-1 (Can.). Two lines of Marquis carrying Sr10 were resistant in the adult stage to races 56 and 29-1 (Can.) which can attack them in the seedling stage. The reactions of the substitution lines and the Marquis lines carrying the same genes were similar, although the substitution lines were more susceptible to some races.

scholarly journals Wheat germplasm screening for stem rust resistance using conventional and molecular techniques

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S146-S154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kokhmetova ◽  
A. Morgounov ◽  
S. Rsaliev ◽  
A. Rsaliev ◽  
G. Yessenbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Plant Breeding Station

In Central Asia, stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) causes considerable damage, especially during growing seasons with high rainfall. Ug99 is a race of stem rust that is virulent to the majority of wheat varieties. To develop disease-free germplasm, wheat material was screened using the predominant stem rust races of Kazakhstan and tested in two nurseries; CIMMYT-Turkey and the Plant Breeding Station at Njoro, Kenya. A total of 11 pathotypes of P. graminis f.sp. tritici were identified in Kazakhstan from the stem rust samples collected in 2008–2009. In particular, pathotypes TDT/H, TPS/H, TTH/K, TKH/R, TKT/C and TFK/R were highly virulent. Of the 170 advanced lines of wheat, 21 CIMMYT lines resistant to 5 aggressive Kazakhstani pathotypes of P. graminis were identified. A high level of resistance was observed in 11 wheat cultivars and advanced lines: Taza, E-19, E-99, E-102, E-572, E-796, E-809 (Kazakhstan), Ekinchi (Azerbaijan), Dostlik, Ulugbek 600 (Uzbekistan) and Umanka (Russia). Based on data obtained from Turkey-CIMMYT and the Plant Breeding Station Njoro, Kenya nurseries, out of 13 tested entries, 6 wheat breeding lines which were resistant to both stem and yellow rust and 10 wheat lines which showed high and moderate levels of resistance to Ug99 were selected. Using the sequence tagged site (STS) molecular marker Sr24#12, associated with Sr24/Lr24, seven wheat entries resistant to stem rust were identified. These results will assist breeders in choosing parents for crossing in programmes aimed at developing varieties with desirable levels of stem rust resistance in Kazakhstan and they will also facilitate stacking the resistance genes into advanced breeding lines.

scholarly journals Mapping and Validation of Stem Rust Resistance Loci in Spring Wheat Line CI 14275

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zennah C. Kosgey ◽  
Erena A. Edae ◽  
Ruth Dill-Macky ◽  
Yue Jin ◽  
Worku Denbel Bulbula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Line ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Qtl

Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) remains a constraint to wheat production in East Africa. In this study, we characterized the genetics of stem rust resistance, identified QTLs, and described markers associated with stem rust resistance in the spring wheat line CI 14275. The 113 recombinant inbred lines, together with their parents, were evaluated at the seedling stage against Pgt races TTKSK, TRTTF, TPMKC, TTTTF, and RTQQC. Screening for resistance to Pgt races in the field was undertaken in Kenya, Ethiopia, and the United States in 2016, 2017, and 2018. One gene conferred seedling resistance to race TTTTF, likely Sr7a. Three QTL were identified that conferred field resistance. QTL QSr.cdl-2BS.2, that conferred resistance in Kenya and Ethiopia, was validated, and the marker Excalibur_c7963_1722 was shown to have potential to select for this QTL in marker-assisted selection. The QTL QSr.cdl-3B.2 is likely Sr12, and QSr.cdl-6A appears to be a new QTL. This is the first study to both detect and validate an adult plant stem rust resistance QTL on chromosome arm 2BS. The combination of field QTL QSr.cdl-2BS.2, QSr.cdl-3B.2, and QSr.cdl-6A has the potential to be used in wheat breeding to improve stem rust resistance of wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Analysis of Stem Rust Resistance in Australian Barley Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1485-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Derevnina ◽  
T. Fetch ◽  
D. Singh ◽  
R. Brueggeman ◽  
C. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
High Level

Eighty-two Australian and five exotic barley cultivars were evaluated at the seedling stage for resistance to the Australian stem rust pathotype 98-1,2,3,5,6. Although most of these cultivars exhibited mesothetic (mixed infection type) reactions that were associated with a high level of chlorosis, two (‘O'Connor’ and ‘Pacific Ranger’) were highly resistant. Marker analysis indicated that four Australian cultivars (‘Empress’, ‘Vlamingh’, Pacific Ranger, and ‘Yerong’) possess the stem rust resistance gene Rpg1. Tests conducted using North American Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici pathotypes MCCJ and QCCJ supported marker results and indicated that ‘Pacific Ranger’ and ‘Vlamingh’ likely carry additional stem rust resistance genes. Based on pedigree information and results from multipathotype tests, these genes are believed to be uncharacterized and, therefore, new. The resistance in Australian barley ‘Franklin’ conferred resistance against all pathotypes tested in this study. Studies of inheritance to MCCJ revealed that it possessed an unknown seedling resistance, which was independent of and displayed additivity to Rpg1.

scholarly journals Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici with Combined Virulence to Sr13 and Sr9e in a Field Stem Rust Screening Nursery in Ethiopia

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Olivera ◽  
Y. Jin ◽  
M. Rouse ◽  
A. Badebo ◽  
T. Fetch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
North American ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

North American durum lines, selected for resistance to TTKSK (Ug99) and related races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Kenya, became susceptible in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, suggesting the presence of stem rust races that were virulent to the TTKSK-effective genes in durum. The objective of this study was to characterize races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici present in the Debre Zeit, Ethiopia stem rust nursery. Three races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici were identified from 34 isolates: JRCQC, TRTTF, and TTKSK. Both races JRCQC and TRTTF possess virulence on stem rust resistance genes Sr13 and Sr9e, which may explain why many TTKSK-resistant durum lines tested in Kenya became susceptible in Debre Zeit. The Sr9e-Sr13 virulence combination is of particular concern because these two genes constitute major components of stem rust resistance in North American durum cultivars. In addition to Sr9e and Sr13 virulence, race TRTTF is virulent to at least three stem rust resistance genes that are effective to race TTKSK, including Sr36, SrTmp, and resistance conferred by the 1AL.1RS rye translocation. Race TRTTF is the first known race with virulence to the stem rust resistance carried by the 1AL.1RS translocation, which represents one of the few effective genes against TTKSK in winter wheat cultivars in the United States. Durum entries exhibiting resistant to moderately susceptible infection response at the Debre Zeit nursery in 2009 were evaluated for reaction to races JRCQC, TRTTF, and TTKSK at the seedling stage. In all, 47 entries were resistant to the three races evaluated at the seedling stage, whereas 26 entries exhibited a susceptible reaction. These results suggest the presence of both major and adult plant resistance genes, which would be useful in durum-wheat-breeding programs. A thorough survey of virulence in the population of P. graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia will allow characterization of the geographic distribution of the races identified in the Debre Zeit field nursery.

scholarly journals Association Mapping Reveals Novel Stem Rust Resistance Loci in Durum Wheat at the Seedling Stage

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Letta ◽  
Pablo Olivera ◽  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
Yue Jin ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Seedling Stage

scholarly journals Mapping and validating stem rust resistance genes directly in self-incompatible genetic resources of winter rye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gruner ◽  
Anne-Kristin Schmitt ◽  
Kerstin Flath ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Thomas Miedaner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

AbstractKey messageIndividual stem rust resistance genes could be directly mapped within self-incompatible rye populations.AbstractGenetic resources of rye (Secale cerealeL.) are cross-pollinating populations that can be highly diverse and are naturally segregating. In this study, we show that this segregation could be used for mapping stem rust resistance. Populations of pre-selected donors from the Russian Federation, the USA and Austria were tested on a single-plant basis for stem rust resistance by a leaf-segment test with three rust isolates. Seventy-four plants per population were genotyped with a 10 K-SNP chip. Using cumulative logit models, significant associations between the ordinal infection score and the marker alleles could be found. Three different loci (Pgs1,Pgs2,Pgs3) in three populations were highly significant, and resistance-linked markers could be validated with field experiments of an independent seed sample from the original population and were used to fix two populations for resistance. We showed that it is possible to map monogenically inherited seedling resistance genes directly in genetic resources, thus providing a competitive alternative to linkage mapping approaches that require a tedious and time-consuming inbreeding over several generations.

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