SEDIMENTATION VOLUMES AND RIGIDITY IN SUSPENSIONS OF SODIUM SOAPS IN MINERAL OILS

1944 ◽  
Vol 22b (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Equilibrium Sedimentation ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Sedimentation Volume ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Branched Chains

The equilibrium sedimentation volumes of sodium soaps in suspension in mineral oils have been measured. The sedimentation volume increases greatly with decrease in viscosity index of the oil. Flow–pressure relations, determined with a torsional viscosimeter, show that suspensions with large sedimentation volumes possess rigidity, whereas the flow is Newtonian in suspensions having small sedimentation volumes. Variation in sedimentation volume is therefore caused by difference in the tendency toward agglomeration or attraction between particles, leading to the formation of branched chains and scaffolding structures, with consequently greater sedimentation volumes.

FLOW-PRESSURE RELATIONS IN CALCIUM-SOAP–OIL SYSTEMS

1946 ◽  
Vol 24b (3) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Varying Viscosity

Flow–pressure relations have been determined for suspensions of calcium soaps in mineral oils of varying viscosity and viscosity index. The effect of small amounts of reagents on the character of these curves is very marked. The addition of water generally increases the yield value of the system without affecting the mobility, while solvents for calcium soaps tend to change the mobility without altering the yield value.

scholarly journals Forecasting the quality of mineral oils during oil refining according to the fuel and oil flow chart at Atyrau Refinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Aigul Bukanova ◽  
Fazilat Kayrliyeva ◽  
Saule Bukanova ◽  
Nagima Karabassova ◽  
Lydia Sakipova
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Vacuum Gasoil ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses the problem of rational oil refining at Atyrau Refinery. Based on a detailed study of the properties of low-sulfur oils of Kazakhstan, in order to assess the potential for the selection of petroleum oils, effective refining methods with modern technologies are shown. A graph is given that allows us to assess the raw mate-rial potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan for lube fractions of oil. The potential reserve of the considered deposits can fully meet the needs of the Republic in oils. The physical and chemical properties of crude oil sup-plied to Atyrau refinery, with a view to their use as raw materi-als for the oil refining and production. The results of experiments on hydrocracking of the plant’s vacuum gasoil are also presented, indicating that this refining option allows you to obtain not only light distillates (gasoline and diesel fuel), but also excellent base oils. This can significantly advance the oil refining in the enterprise as a whole. On the basis of experimental studies, the correlation dependence of the viscosity index on the hydrocarbon-type composition of oils was revealed, which allows predicting the quality of the resulting product.

Use of Polymers in Viscosity Index Modification of Mineral Oils and Pour Point Depression of Vegetable Oils

2017 ◽  
pp. 61-89
Author(s):  
Dogan Grunberg ◽  
Mert Arca ◽  
Dan Vargo ◽  
Sevim Z. Erhan ◽  
Brajendra K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Mineral Oils

Experimental investigation of two-phase water–oil flow pressure drop in inclined pipes

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Hanafizadeh ◽  
Amir Karimi ◽  
Alireza Taklifi ◽  
Alireza Hojati
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Inclined Pipes

scholarly journals The Effect of Oil Viscosity on Droplet Generation Rate and Droplet Size in a T-Junction Microfluidic Droplet Generator

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Yao ◽  
Fan Lin ◽  
Hyun Kim ◽  
Jaewon Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Droplet Generation ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Droplet Generator ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Flow Pressure

There have been growing interests in droplet-based microfluidics due to its capability to outperform conventional biological assays by providing various advantages, such as precise handling of liquid/cell samples, fast reaction time, and extremely high-throughput analysis/screening. The droplet-based microfluidics utilizes the interaction between the interfacial tension and the fluidic shear force to break continuous fluids into uniform-sized segments within a microchannel. In this paper, the effect of different viscosities of carrier oil on water-in-oil emulsion, particularly how droplet size and droplet generation rate are affected, has been investigated using a commonly used T-junction microfluidic droplet generator design connected to a pressure-controlled pump. We have tested mineral oils with four different viscosities (5, 7, 10, and 15 cSt) to compare the droplet generation under five different flow pressure conditions (i.e., water flow pressure of 30–150 mbar and oil flow pressure of 40–200 mbar). The results showed that regardless of the flow pressure levels, the droplet size decreased as the oil viscosity increased. Average size of the droplets decreased by approximately 32% when the viscosity of the oil changed from 5 to 15 cSt at the flow pressure of 30 mbar for water and 40 mbar for oil. Interestingly, a similar trend was observed in the droplet generation rate. Droplet generation rate and the oil viscosity showed high linear correlation (R2 = 0.9979) at the water flow pressure 30 mbar and oil flow pressure 40 mbar.

Numerical Simulation of Aero-Engine Lubrication System

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaguo Lu ◽  
Zhenxia Liu ◽  
Shengqin Huang ◽  
Tao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Lubrication System ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Flow Pressure

A software, general analysis software of aero-engine lubrication system (GASLS), for simulating aero-engine lubrication system is presented. The software is capable of analyzing the flow, pressure, and temperature distribution in the lubrication system. The network theory and mathematical model of flow resistance for elements that include pipes, elbows, thick orifice, reductions, expansions, and nozzles are presented first. Second, the special element and combined element are introduced for treating the bearing chamber, heat exchanger, and gearbox and simplifying the calculation network, respectively. Lastly, a case study for an aero-engine lubrication system is illustrated. The distribution of oil flow, pressure, and temperature is calculated, and the oil flow results in different branches of lubrication system are compared with the experimental data. The comparison indicts that computational results agree well with the measured data. The software may be helpful in designing and analyzing aero-engine lubrication system.

WETTING POWER IN CALCIUM-SOAP–OIL SYSTEMS

1944 ◽  
Vol 22b (6) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Calcium Stearate ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Special Means ◽  
Wetting Power ◽  
Water Glycerol ◽  
Sedimentation Volume ◽  
Measured Water

Contact angles of various mineral oils and water on relatively polar and non-polar calcium stearate surfaces prepared by special means were measured. Pre-moistening of the soap surface with small quantities of water decreased the subsequent contact angle against oil. The effect of the polarity of the oil was determined, and the action of water in the system is discussed.The sedimentation volume of calcium stearate in mineral oil, with and without various added materials, was measured. Water, glycerol, and alcohol effected an agglomeration of the suspended soap, and less polar liquids had no effect. Fatty acid in small quantities brought about a swelling of the soap at room temperature. The relation between wetting power and sedimentation volume is discussed.

SURFACE TENSION OF SODIUM SOAP DISPERSIONS IN MINERAL OILS

1943 ◽  
Vol 21b (11) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Polarity

The surface tension of sodium stearate and sodium oleate dispersions in mineral oils of high and low viscosity index has been measured over a wide range of temperature. In dispersions in the non-polar oil, no surface activity is shown by the soap until the full melting point is reached. In dispersions in an oil of relatively high polarity, surface activity is shown at much lower temperatures corresponding to partial melting points of the soaps. The ability of the soap to lower the surface tension is dependent on the degree of dispersion of the soap, and the relation of surface activity to physical states and phase transitions, previously determined by the authors, is discussed. The addition of glycerol increases the surface activity at a given concentration, but the temperature at which surface activity is attained remains unaffected. Excess fatty acid acts similarly to glycerol; excess alkali decreases surface activity.

THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CACTUS AND MINERAL OIL BLENDS USING FOUR-BALL TRIBOTESTER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan ◽  
S. Syahrullail ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Commercial Lubricant

The oil derived from vegetables has been seen as an alternative to mineral oils for lubricants because of certain inherent technical properties, renewable source and their abilities to biodegrade. Vegetable oil is known to have a high viscosity index with a higher lubricity value compared to mineral oil. Despite its potentiality as a candidate alternative, vegetable oil has several limitations. It has a low wear resistance, and it is highly sensitive to temperatures with tribological characteristics. The majority of technical solutions, including additivation, chemical alterations, and blending, are being proposed as means of overcoming the listed limitations. This study seeks to investigate the characteristics of cactus oil with respect to its use as a bio-lubricant as well as the characteristics of environmentally friendly vegetable oil when they are mixed with mineral oils as alternative oil for petroleum, using the four-ball tribotester. The volumetric blending ratio was varied (20% to 80%) and these blends were performed at 1200 rpm, for one hour, with 40 kg of load at a temperature of 75ºC (ASTM D4172-B) standard. According to the results, it was found that the lowest wear scar diameter was 431.23µm, which was identified in the blend of 20% cactus oil with 80% mineral oil which symbolized by (CC20%), compared to that of neat cactus oil at 669.16 µm and mineral oil at 546.46 µm.In addition, the result also indicates that a 80% addition of cactus oil, the coefficient of friction tends to decrease compared to the values of neat cactus oil. Finally, it is concluded, the blends of cactus oil with commercial lubricant oil have better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or neat cactus oil.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SUSPENSIONS OF GLASS BEADS IN TOLUENE CONTAINING VARIOUS PERCENTAGES OF WATER

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. J. Eggleton ◽  
I. E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Equilibrium Sedimentation ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Sedimentation Volume

The influence of temperature on the sedimentation volume and relative yield values of suspensions of spherical glass beads in toluene containing varying percentages of water has been measured. The increased sedimentation volume and yield value, due to the presence of water, found at room temperature virtually disappeared below approximately 0 °C. This is in agreement with the theory which ascribes the effect of water to its interfacial tension against toluene. At temperatures above 0 °C. there was a gradual fall in the sedimentation volume and yield value from the maximum found at 0 °C. This is attributed to the increasing solubility of water in toluene. Suspensions containing no water or only a small quantity showed an unexpected steady increase in sedimentation volume and yield value as the temperature was lowered to −60 °C. This effect was also observed with a suspension of glass beads in pentane. The results indicate a close connection between yield value and equilibrium sedimentation volume.

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