scholarly journals Forecasting the quality of mineral oils during oil refining according to the fuel and oil flow chart at Atyrau Refinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Aigul Bukanova ◽  
Fazilat Kayrliyeva ◽  
Saule Bukanova ◽  
Nagima Karabassova ◽  
Lydia Sakipova
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Vacuum Gasoil ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses the problem of rational oil refining at Atyrau Refinery. Based on a detailed study of the properties of low-sulfur oils of Kazakhstan, in order to assess the potential for the selection of petroleum oils, effective refining methods with modern technologies are shown. A graph is given that allows us to assess the raw mate-rial potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan for lube fractions of oil. The potential reserve of the considered deposits can fully meet the needs of the Republic in oils. The physical and chemical properties of crude oil sup-plied to Atyrau refinery, with a view to their use as raw materi-als for the oil refining and production. The results of experiments on hydrocracking of the plant’s vacuum gasoil are also presented, indicating that this refining option allows you to obtain not only light distillates (gasoline and diesel fuel), but also excellent base oils. This can significantly advance the oil refining in the enterprise as a whole. On the basis of experimental studies, the correlation dependence of the viscosity index on the hydrocarbon-type composition of oils was revealed, which allows predicting the quality of the resulting product.

scholarly journals Experimental study of quality and electricity losses in low voltage rural electric networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
O. S. Rakhimov ◽  
D. N. Mirzoev ◽  
E. I. Grachieva
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Information Database

THE PURPOSE. Due to the increase in the number of farms in the Devashtichsky district of the Sughd region of Tajikistan, over the past 3-4 years, a disproportionate distribution of electricity in the 0.4 kV network has been observed. Unbalance currents of phase loads in relation to asymmetric phase voltages at the terminals of consumers of a three-phase network cause additional losses of electricity, which can reach 21% of the standard losses. In the decree of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan dated May 10, 2009 No. 29 “On energy saving and reduction of electricity losses” it is indicated that there is a need to study the quality of electricity in rural 0.4 kV networks and its compliance with GOST 32144. 2013, as well as an assessment of losses electricity in its distribution structure is an important task in the field of rural electricity. METHODS. A single-line diagram of a 0.4 kV network with initial parameters, which were refined during the survey of the network, and the current loads of outgoing lines were investigated. Experimental studies of the quality of electricity and assessment of the level of losses in the low- voltage network were carried out using a complex measuring device «Energotester» PKE - A - C4. RESULTS. The studies allowed obtaining data on the daily consumption of electricity in individual outgoing lines, information on the characteristics of consumers, digital information (database) on indicators of the quality of electricity in low-voltage networks. CONCLUSIONS. It has been established that the main factors influencing the losses of electricity in low-voltage networks are: incommensurability of the power of transformers of transformers and consumers, uneven loading of individual phases, a significant effect of individual converters on the quality of energy. Measures are forecasted to reduce losses and improve the quality of electricity in low-voltage rural networks of 0.4 kV.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE SYNTHESIZED ALUMINUM-NICKEL-MOLYBDENUM HYDROTREATING CATALYSTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
Ozoda Abdullaevna Salikhova ◽  
Shakhzod Murodovich Makhmudov ◽  
Miraziz Solikh ogli Zokirov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Mo Catalyst ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Activation Conditions

The process of hydro-desulfurization of various mineral oils, which play a big role in the modern oil refining technology, continues to improve intensively and its value increases. Despite the fact that nowadays, hydro treating is one of the largest catalytic processes in the modern oil refining industry, the power of hydro desulfurization in the world is estimated as 950 million tons a year. So, it can be concluded that the study of hydro treating catalysts, the chemistry of hydro-desulfurization processes are the high priority tasks leading to the technological solving of the problem of hydro treating process. Moreover, it is also necessary to study other major issues related to the hydro treating process: study of the interaction between active metals and carriers; reactions in the solid phase as swell as issues of oxide reduction or their conversion to sulfides. The determination of the surface state in equilibrium conditions, the amount of the coke deposits, the stoichiometry of the catalysts, its changes during activation and regeneration during catalytic process. This article outlines the development of the production of highly active aluminum-nickel-molybdenum catalysts for hydro treating distillate raw materials, improving its physical and chemical properties and activity by modification of the carrier and by studying of the influence of activation conditions. KEYWORDS: hydrogenation activity, sulfurization of Al-Ni-Mo catalyst, activity of the catalyst, thiophene hydrogenolysis.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE OF SEALING WEAK WATER-SATURATED LOESS SOILS WITH VERTICAL SAND DRAINS IN SEISMIC REGIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
R. A Mangushev ◽  
R. A Usmanov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Loess Soils ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Parameter Field ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Seismic Impact ◽  
Water Saturated

The article presents the results of studies relating to compaction of weak water-saturated forest soils and vertical sandy drains under static and seismic effects in the conditions of the Central Asian region. Considering the absence of any experimental and theoretical studies of the application of this parameter, field (in-situ) experimental studies were carried out to identify the possibilities and effectiveness of its use in conditions of weak water-rich loess soils of the Republic of Tajikistan. The article discusses changes in the basic physical and mechanical characteristics of soils and experimental structures. At the experimental site, three plots with a size of 10·10 m were prepared, where the plot was loaded without the installation of vertical sand drains; 3·3 m to a depth of 6.0 m. Static loading of experimental plots by a derivative by layer-by-layer dumping of ground material with measurement of total and layer-by-layer deformations of the packed thickness. Imitation of seismic impact with an intensity of 8 points was carried out using short-delayed explosions of explosive charges. Studies have shown the effectiveness of the use of vertical sandy drains for compaction of weak water-saturated loess soils. Recommendations are given on the use of explosion energy to improve the quality of soil compaction.

scholarly journals Investigation of the quality of Arctic diesel fuel imported to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-361
Author(s):  
E. L. Iovleva
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Temperature Characteristics ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
The Republic

The results of experimental studies of the quality of Arctic diesel fuel taken from various gas stations of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are shown. The main operational characteristics of Arctic diesel fuel are investigated. The work was carried out in the laboratory of the department "General, analytical and physical chemistry". Taken diesel fuel by geographic location is divided into 3 parts: central, northern and district. From each region, 3 samples of Arctic diesel fuel were taken from various gas stations. The study found that the selected main indicators of diesel fuel: density, viscosity, fractional composition and low-temperature characteristics – differ from the normative values. The worst results were shown by diesel fuel samples from the northern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Samples of arctic diesel fuel taken from the central part and district, generally meet the quality standards of GOST 305-82, but for low-temperature characteristics, do not meet the standard.

SEDIMENTATION VOLUMES AND RIGIDITY IN SUSPENSIONS OF SODIUM SOAPS IN MINERAL OILS

1944 ◽  
Vol 22b (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Equilibrium Sedimentation ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Sedimentation Volume ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Branched Chains

The equilibrium sedimentation volumes of sodium soaps in suspension in mineral oils have been measured. The sedimentation volume increases greatly with decrease in viscosity index of the oil. Flow–pressure relations, determined with a torsional viscosimeter, show that suspensions with large sedimentation volumes possess rigidity, whereas the flow is Newtonian in suspensions having small sedimentation volumes. Variation in sedimentation volume is therefore caused by difference in the tendency toward agglomeration or attraction between particles, leading to the formation of branched chains and scaffolding structures, with consequently greater sedimentation volumes.

scholarly journals BASIC PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BITUMENS FOR ROADS

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
S. S. Satayeva ◽  
◽  
K.A. Mikhailova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Bituminous Materials ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Heavy Oil Residues ◽  
Petroleum Bitumen ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The most urgent in the oil refining industry, along with the deepening of oil refining, are the problems of improving the quality of oil products, which include heavy oil residues, such as bitumen. Despite the widespread use of petroleum bitumen in road construction, the demand for bitumen is not fully satisfied, because the quality of many bituminous materials does not fully meet the modern requirements of the construction industry.Conformance of bitumen obtained by synthetic method for using it in road construction was reviewed in this article. Some main physical and chemical properties of bitumen were described. Received results meet with specification and we can make the conclusion that synthesized bitumen can be used for road surface.

scholarly journals EXAMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEAWATER OF THE TAMBELAN ISLANDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suherman Suherman ◽  
Hanif Budi Prayitno
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Research Show

This research aims to investigate the quality of the Tambelan island waters as primary information to support these islands as a marine conservation area. Some chemical properties of seawater such as pH and DO (Dissolved Oxygen) were identified by portable instrumentations. Furthermore inorganic nutrients phosphate, nitrate, and silicate contents were measured according to the methods developed by Morris and Riley in 1963 and then modified by Strickland and Parsons in 1968. The results of the research show that the pH values were in the range of 8.06 to 8.30, and the DO level amounted to 5.26 to 6.31 mg/L. Further results from this research show that the content of phosphate and nitrate ranged from 0.001 to 0.004 mg/L and 0.005 to 0.018 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the content of silicate was found to be 0.063 to 0.134 mg/L in the archipelagic waters of Tambelan. The values of the above parameters are in accordance with the range of the seawater quality as recommended by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, good water quality of the Tambelan islands provides great opportunities to be developed as a marine conservation area.

Prospects for the Use of the Sorbent for Purification of Gases from Sulfur-Containing Components on the Basis of Manganese Ore

2020 ◽  
Vol 836 ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Bolotov ◽  
Olga V. Cheremisina ◽  
Maria A. Ponomareva ◽  
Daria A. Alferova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Effective Sorbent ◽  
Purification Of Gases ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The physical and chemical properties of "loose" manganese ore of Ulu-Telyak Deposit of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the possibility of its use as an effective sorbent for purification of exhaust gases of metallurgical, chemical, oil refining, mining and other industries are studied. Analyses were carried out on the phase composition, chemical composition, determined the specific surface area of the pores and thermogravimetric method of water content. The process of sorption of a gas mixture containing hydrogen sulfide, methyl and ethyl mercaptans was also studied. The results of the experiments concluded that the prospects of using this "loose" manganese ore for the sorption of sulfur-containing gases.

scholarly journals Efficiency of pelleting of sugar beet seeds in centrifugal pelleting machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-372
Author(s):  
V. R. Petrovets ◽  
D. A. Mikheyeu ◽  
V. P. Gnilozub
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Domestic Variety ◽  
Finished Mixture

Seed pelleting is an efficient way to improve the sowing quality of seeds. Diverse positive effect of pelleting is mostly noticeable for beet seeds. Increased size and spherical shape of seeds with shell allows to use precision seeding technology, as well as fertilizers and protective agents being part of the shell, increase their sowing potential and finally increase yields. To obtain pelleted seeds, it is required to use a specialized line with a seed pelleting machine being the main equipment. An improved design of centrifugal batch-operated seed pelleting machine has been developed and manufactured in Belarusian State Agricultural Academy. To activate the process of rolling the shell in the mixing chamber of the pelleting machine, it was proposed to use separately installed blades. Based on theoretical and experimental studies, the main structural and technological parameters of the pelleting machine has been determined to ensure the highest quality of pelleted seeds. Seeds of sugar beet of the domestic variety “Polybel” obtained in a favorable climate were selected for experimental studies. Finished mixture based on bentonite clay was selected as a filler of the seed coat. After the coat formation, the insect-fungicidal dressing agent Prestige was applied to the seeds. The seeds of sugar beet of the domestic variety “Polybel” obtained on experimental pelleting machine showed high results in germination and yield. They are comparable to imported sugar beet hybrids. Pelleting of seeds of domestic varieties of sugar beet on the territory of the Republic of Belarus can become a good alternative to imported pelleted seeds, especially considering their cost, which significantly exceeds the cost of untreated seeds.

scholarly journals Experimental study of quality and electricity losses in low voltage rural electric networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-237
Author(s):  
O. S. Rakhimov ◽  
D. N. Mirzoev ◽  
E. I. Grachieva
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Information Database

THE PURPOSE. Due to the increase in the number of farms in the Devashtichsky district of the Sughd region of Tajikistan, over the past 3-4 years, a disproportionate distribution of electricity in the 0.4 kV network has been observed. Unbalance currents of phase loads in relation to asymmetric phase voltages at the terminals of consumers of a three-phase network cause additional losses of electricity, which can reach 21% of the standard losses. In the decree of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan dated May 10, 2009 No. 29 “On energy saving and reduction of electricity losses” it is indicated that there is a need to study the quality of electricity in rural 0.4 kV networks and its compliance with GOST 32144. 2013, as well as an assessment of losses electricity in its distribution structure is an important task in the field of rural electricity. METHODS. A single-line diagram of a 0.4 kV network with initial parameters, which were refined during the survey of the network, and the current loads of outgoing lines were investigated. Experimental studies of the quality of electricity and assessment of the level of losses in the low- voltage network were carried out using a complex measuring device «Energotester» PKE - A - C4. RESULTS. The studies allowed obtaining data on the daily consumption of electricity in individual outgoing lines, information on the characteristics of consumers, digital information (database) on indicators of the quality of electricity in low-voltage networks. CONCLUSIONS. It has been established that the main factors influencing the losses of electricity in low-voltage networks are: incommensurability of the power of transformers of transformers and consumers, uneven loading of individual phases, a significant effect of individual converters on the quality of energy. Measures are forecasted to reduce losses and improve the quality of electricity in low-voltage rural networks of 0.4 kV.

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