Effects of rice (Oryza sativaL.) cultivation and soil type on potassium mobilization and transformation behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-507
Author(s):  
D.D. Zhu ◽  
L.P. Zhan ◽  
R.H. Cong ◽  
X.K. Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Chemical Behavior ◽  
Transformation Behavior ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Cinnamon Soil

To understand the chemical behavior of potassium (K) in soil, rhizobox experiments were conducted to study the effects of K uptake by cultivated rice and soil type on K migration and transformation in soils. The aim of this study was to guide reasonable application of K fertilizer in different soil types. The results showed that at the maximum tillering stage, the migration distances of water-soluble K (Sol-K) were 6 and 5 cm, the depletion of exchangeable K (Ex-K) was 7 and 4 cm, and depletion of nonexchangeable K (Nonex-K) was 1 and 5 cm, respectively, in yellow cinnamon soil (YCS) and fluvo-aquic soil (FS). With the growth of rice, the migration distances of Sol-K showed little difference between YCS and FS. Throughout the season, the contributions of Sol-K, Ex-K, and Nonex-K to K uptake in YCS were 12.0%, 40.0%, and 48.0%, respectively, whereas their contributions in FS were 25.7%, 25.8%, and 48.5%, respectively. K uptake by rice was linearly related to the concentration of different forms of K in soils (R2 = 0.687*). In conclusion, soil type significantly affected K mobilization and transformation behavior. This indicated that the location of K fertilizer addition in the root zone should differ with soil type.

Water excess under simulated lucerne - wheat phased systems in Western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 826 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Dolling ◽  
S. Asseng ◽  
M. J. Robertson ◽  
M. A. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Water Holding

The long-term effect of lucerne use, in reducing drainage of water below the root zone and runoff (water excess), has not been examined in south-western Australia (Western Australia). The main aims of the paper were to determine how the long-term mean water excess was influenced by the proportion of lucerne in the rotation and the length of the lucerne phase in relation to soil type and location. A simulation model was used to compare scenarios, drawing on historical weather data from 1957 to 2001. Simulations were performed for 2 locations (high and low rainfall) and 2 soil types (high and low water-holding capacity). Lucerne significantly and rapidly (within 2–3 years) reduces the long-term mean water excess in rotations consisting of 2–4 years of lucerne followed by 1–4 years of wheat compared with continuous wheat. For every 10% increase in the percentage of lucerne years in the total rotation length, the mean water excess decreased by 17–20 mm (7–9%) at Kojonup (high-rainfall site) and 7–8 mm (8–9%) at Buntine (low-rainfall site) compared with the water excess associated with continuous wheat at each location. The proportion of lucerne in the rotation had a greater effect on the water excess than the effect of different soil types. Variation in the water excess due to variation in rainfall was greater than the reduction in water excess due to lucerne. This makes the decisions about when to grow lucerne to reduce water excess difficult if livestock enterprises are less profitable than cropping enterprises. The simulations show that lucerne mean yearly biomass ranges from 4.5 to 6.9 t/ha at Kojonup and from 1.6 to 4.7 t/ha at Buntine, depending on soil type and stage of lucerne in the land use sequence. It is worth considering that lucerne has the potential to reduce subsequent wheat yields with removal in autumn.

scholarly journals Depth-wise Distribution of boron in Relation to Soil Properties in South-West Punjab

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Boparai ◽  
◽  
J.S. Manchanda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
South West ◽  
Positive Correlations

The soils of Punjab are coarse textured and low in organic matter, therefore leaching of boron (B) beyond the root zone is more likely to occur in these soils. To study the depth-wise B availability in different soil types , samples were collected (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm) depth from soils representing Ustic Torripsamments, Typic Ustipsamments and Ustochreptic Camborthids. The highest (3.94 mg kg-1 soil) of hot water soluble boron (HWS-B) was observed in Ustochreptic Camborthids followed by Typic Ustipsamments (2.40 mg kg-1 soil) and Ustic Torripsamments (2.03 mg kg-1 soil). In general, hot water soluble B decreased with depth to the tune of 41.8, 35.4 and 36.4 per cent in Ustic Torripsamments, 16.2, 15.0 and 31.2 per cent in Typic Ustipsamments and 17.2, 29.1 and 39.1 per cent in Ustochreptic Camborthids, respectively. Significant positive correlations of HWS-B were observed with pH, organic carbon of soil and negative with CaCO3.

scholarly journals Water Footprint and Crop Water Usage of Oil Palm (Eleasis Guenensis) Under Varying Crop Ages and Soil Type as an Indicator of Environmental Sustainability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisma Safitri ◽  
Hermantoro Hermantoro ◽  
Sentot Purboseno ◽  
Valensi Kautsar ◽  
Satyanto Krido Saptomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Soil Types

Various environmental challenges, related to oil palm commodity has became a major environmental challenge to oil palm production. The aim and objective of this study is to analyze the actual water footprint of oil palm based on root water uptake under varying crop age and soil type. The research was conducted in Pundu Village, Central Kalimantan. The methodology adopted in carrying out this study consists of various stages which includes observing soil moisture, rainfall, and water table, ETo, root water uptake and oil palm water footprint. The highest rate of water consumption was the 13 years oil palm on spodosol soil type with an average daily rate of 3.73 mm/day. The lowest evapotranspiration was represented by the 7th year oil palm on spodosol with an average rate of 3.07 mm/day. The total water footprint value obtained was between 0.56 – 1.14 m3/kg for a variety of plants with various age and soil types. It can be deduced that the water footprint value of oil palm vary for different crop age and soil types on temporal scale. The study also presented that the source of green water from the first root zone of oil palm deliver the highest contribution for oil palm root water uptake.

scholarly journals Properties of humic acids depending on the land use in different parts of Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Banach-Szott ◽  
Bozena Debska ◽  
Erika Tobiasova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

AbstractMany studies report organic carbon stabilization by clay minerals, but the effects of land use and soil type on the properties of humic acids (HAs) are missing. The aim of the paper is to determine the effects of land use and soil types on the characteristics of HAs, which have a considerable influence on organic matter quality. It was hypothesised that the effect of the land use on HAs properties depends on the particular size distribution. The research was performed in three ecosystems: agricultural, forest, and meadow, located in Slovakia. From each of them, the samples of 4 soil types were taken: Chernozem, Luvisol, Planosol, and Cambisol. The soil samples were assayed for the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and the particle size distribution. HAs were extracted with the Schnitzer method and analysed for the elemental composition, spectrometric parameters in the UV-VIS range, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, and the infrared spectra were produced. The research results have shown that the properties of HAs can be modified by the land use and the scope and that the direction of changes depends on the soil type. The HAs of Chernozem and Luvisol in the agri-ecosystem were identified with a higher “degree of maturity”, as reflected by atomic ratios (H/C, O/C, O/H), absorbance coefficients, and the FT-IR spectra, as compared with the HAs of the meadow and forest ecosystem. However, as for the HAs of Cambisol, a higher “degree of maturity” was demonstrated for the meadow ecosystem, as compared with the HAs of the agri- and forest ecosystem. The present research has clearly identified that the content of clay is the factor determining the HAs properties. Soils with a higher content of the clay fraction contain HAs with a higher “degree of maturity”.

THE OASIS SOIL TYPE CHANGE AND ITS FRACTAL IN MANASI RIVER BASIN BETWEEN 1987–2006, ARID NORTHWESTERN CHINA / MANASI UPĖS BASEINO SAUSRINGOJE ŠIAURĖS VAKARŲ KINIJOJE OAZIŲ DIRVOŽEMIO TIPŲ POKYČIAI IR FRAKTALAI 1987–2006 M

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pujia Yu ◽  
Hailiang Xu ◽  
Shiwei Liu ◽  
Xinfeng Zhao ◽  
Qingqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Arid Northwestern China ◽  
Type Change ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Soil Changes

During the past 20 years, great landscape changes took place in the northwest of China. Landscape change resulted in soil type transformations. This paper discusses the changes and fractal of soil types in oasis. In order to do it, the soil type maps of Manasi River Basin in 1987 and 2006 were used. 13 types of soil and 2 types of land-use were classified and analyzed in the study area. Results indicated many variations in characteristics. Firstly, all soil types underwent remarkable changes from 1987 to 2006 in the study area: the identified changed area was about 30% or 6506.33 km2. Secondly, in comparison with 1987, in 2006 2/3 of the area's soil types increased, while 1/3 decreased. Rapid expansion of Aquicambids (415.28 km2), and rapid decrease of Petrocambids (797.05 km2) and Aquisalids (415.93 km2) were the noticeable findings. Furthermore, Haplocambids obtained largest gains from other soil types, while Petrocambids lost largest area to other types. Additionally, the fractal relationship objectively existed between the perimeter and area of soil patches. The fractal dimension of Aquisalids, Petrocalcids and Ustifluvents became higher and their shapes became more complex during this period. The stability index was higher in 2006 which indicated that the spatial structure of soil type was more stable than in 1987. These chaotic and occasional changes were largely caused by human activities and natural conditions. Consequently, environmental managers should pay more attention to soil changes in the arid and semiarid region. Santrauka Per pastaruosius 20 metų šiaurės vakarų Kinijoje įvyko didelių kraštovaizdžio pokyčių, lėmusių ir dirvožemio tipų pakitimus. Remiantis 1987–2006 m. Manasi upės baseino dirvožemio žemėlapiais, aptariami dirvožemio tipų pokyčiai ir fraktalai oazėse. Pasirinktoje teritorijoje išskirta ir analizuota 13 dirvožemio tipų ir dvejopa žemėnauda. Nustatyta daug kintamųjų parametrų. Pirma, tirtõs teritorijos visų tipų dirvožemiai nuo 1987 iki 2006 m. žymiai pakito. Nustatytoji pokyčių zona apima apie 30 % teritorijos, arba 6 506,32 km2. Antra, palyginti su 1987 m., 2006 m. 10 dirvožemio tipų teritorija padidėjo, o 5 tipų sumažėjo. Sparčiai padidėjo Aquicambids (415,28 km2), sparčiai sumažėjo Petrocambids (797,05 km2) ir Aquisalids (415,93 km2), pokyčiai buvo žymūs. Iš visų kitų pakitusių dirvožemių tipų Haplocambids plotai padidėjo daugiausia, o labiausiai, palyginti su kitais, sumažėjo Petrocambids plotai. Be to, pastebėta, kad tarp dirvožemio teritorijos plotų ir perimetrų objektyviai egzistuoja fraktalinės sąsajos. Fraktalinės dimensijos Aquisalids, Petrocalcids ir Ustifluvents per minėtą laikotarpį padidėjo, o jų formos tapo sudėtingesnės. Stabilumo indeksas 2006 m. buvo didesnis. Tai rodė, kad erdvinė dirvožemio struktūra mažai pakito, tapo stabilesnė, palyginti nei buvo 1987 m. Šiuos atsitiktinius pokyčius iš esmės lėmė žmogaus veikla ir gamtinės sąlygos. Prieita prie išvados, kad sausojo ar pusiau sauso klimato regionuose kraštotvarkos vykdytojai dirvožemio pokyčiams turėtų skirti daugiau dėmesio.

An experiment begun in 1958 measuring effects of N, P and K fertilizers on yield and N, P and K contents of grass:2. Residual effects on arable crops, 1968–76

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Penny ◽  
F. V. Widdowson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Soil P ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
K Depletion

SUMMARYAn experiment at Rothamsted during 1958–67 measured effects on yield, on K uptake and on soil K of applying all combinations of 38, 75 and 113 kg N and 0, 31 and 62 kg K/ha per cut to grass leys, which were cut and removed. Soil K was depleted most where most N and least K were given. Annual applications of 0, 33 and 66 kg P/ha were also tested; soil P was not depleted. The grass was then ploughed.In 1968, residual effects were measured by spring wheat. In 1969 and in 1970 104 kg/ha of fresh K was applied on half of each plot; potatoes (1969) and spring wheat (1970) valued residual and fresh effects of K.In 1971 potatoes tested 0, 104 and 208 kg/ha of fresh K, cumulatively with the three amounts given to the grass and also extra K (104 kg/ha) on half-plots, cumulatively with that given in 1969 and 1970. In 1972 winter wheat, and in 1974 and 1975 spring barley, measured residues of all treatments previously applied (the site was fallowed in 1973).Finally, in 1976, potatoes tested 0, 156 and 312 kg/ha of fresh K on whole plots, cumulatively with the previous dressings of K, and also 156 kg/ha of extra K on half-plots, again cumulatively. All these test crops were given basal N.Yields and K contents of wheat at ear emergence and yields of wheat grain were largest after grass given 38 kg N and 62 kg K/ha per cut, because here soil K depletion was least. Wheat grain yields benefited consistently from fresh K. K content of the wheat at ear emergence was a good indicator of the need for K, but K content of grain was not, because it was unaltered by K fertilizer. Barley was a poor test crop for K, because yields of grain were little affected by previous treatments.Percentage K in potato leaves (in July in 1969 and 1971, in August in 1976) and yield of tubers were well correlated. Largest yields in 1969, 1971 and 1976 came where the leaves contained 3·43, 3·76 and 2·82% K, respectively, i.e. from soil containing most exchangeable K, plus most fresh K. There was no indication that maximum yields had been obtained, so the largest amounts (kg/ha) of fresh K tested (104 in 1969, 312 in 1971 and 468 in 1976) were insufficient to counteract depletion of soil K by the grass. Because the grass did not deplete soil P, the test crops benefited only little from either residual or fresh P.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cotton stalks destroyers

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Pedro H. de M. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Medium Texture

The destruction of the cotton crop residues (cotton stalks) is a mandatory procedure in Brazil for prophylactic issues, but is a subject unexplored by the research and there are few studies that deal with this issue. However, this is not encouraged in recent decades, studies aimed at developing and evaluating equipment for this purpose. The present study had the objective to evaluate six methods for mechanical destruction of cotton crop residues. Each method was defined based on the principle of operation of the active parts of the equipment, which were tested in medium texture soil and in a clayey one. The variables used to evaluate the efficiency of the equipment were the regrowth rate, the theoretical field capacity and energy demand. The equipment with convergent concave disks (DCC) and flat cutters discs from manufacturer A (CPS-a) showed the best results in cotton stalks destruction in both soil types. The harrow disc (GPD) was efficient only in clay soil. It was concluded that the equipment with convergent concave disks, among those tested, was the most efficient to destroy cotton stalks, regardless of soil type, and that the harrow disc was not included among the best performers.

scholarly journals Fertilizer requirements of coffee grown on Catalina clay in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Luis A. Gómez ◽  
José Lería Esmoris ◽  
B. G. Capó
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Coffee Production

The results obtained in two coffee fertilizer tests performed with the Puerto Rican variety of Coffea arabica on "Catalina Clay" are presented, statistically analyzed, and discussed. Nitrogen and phosphoric acid applications seem to be of greater importance as regards market-coffee production of the above variety in the soil type used, than are the applications of potash, which had no significant effects on the yields. These results are in sharp contrast with the results obtained by McClelland, who found potash applications to be essential and phosphoric acid applications to be not essential for maximum coffee production in Puerto Rico. It should be noted that McClelland's experiments were carried out on other soil types, which were probably not in condition to provide the coffee trees with their potash requirements.

scholarly journals Automatic Irrigation System using Wireless Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rusydi Muhammad Razif ◽  
Preetharan Ravindran ◽  
Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin ◽  
Nor Saradatul Akmar Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Wireless Control ◽  
The Cost

Traditional methods of irrigation and fertilizing is very time consuming for farmers. Over-irrigation as well as leaching of fertilizers below the root zone, erosion, and transport of soil and chemical particles to the drainage ditches can increase energy and water consumption in farming. A single systems combining irrigation and fertilizing will greatly reduce the cost and time needed in farming. There are two types of fertilizers available for home gardener – granular and water-soluble fertilizers. Generally, granular fertilizers release nutrient gradually but can last longer than water-soluble fertilizers. This project will provide an automated system for irrigation and fertilizing for plantation using Arduino as the microcontroller. This system will include a mobile application to control the amount of water during the irrigation and fertilizing processes. The microcontroller communicates with the mobile application via internet using the Wi-Fi modulator. Then, the microcontroller processes the information and operates the irrigation and fertilizing pumps which supplies water and fertilizer through the sprinkler system in the field. Any feedback will be sent to the user through the mobile application.

scholarly journals Correspondence

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-458
Author(s):  
M. F. Allison ◽  
J. H. Fowler ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
K Fertilizer

In Volume 136, 407–426, you published a paper entitled ‘Responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum) to potassium fertilizers’ by M. F. Allison, J. H. Fowler and E. J. Allen. We consider that the authors' conclusions were not justified and they have mis-interpreted and criticized earlier published work. One of their criticisms is levelled at the use of exchangeable potassium (Kex – rapidly plant-available K) to categorize soils on the basis of the likely response of crops to an application of potassium (K) fertilizer. While Kex is not perfect, it is the best rapid method currently available (Johnston & Goulding 1990). To support their contention about Kex, the authors quote in Table 15 data from Rothamsted experiments done in the late 1950s and early 1960s. They state that despite the large amounts of K applied in fertilizers and manures the effect on Kex was relatively small. This comment fails to recognize that it is the K balance (K applied minus K removed) that must be related to Kex, not the K applied, and the inevitable transfer of part of the K balance from Kex to fixed K (less readily available K). Warren & Johnston (1962) showed that on these soil types as much as 60% of the K balance is rapidly transferred to fixed K.

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