Lacking sensory (rather than locomotive) legs affects locomotion but not food detection in the harvestman Holmbergiana weyenberghi

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 726-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Escalante ◽  
A. Albín ◽  
A. Aisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Recognition ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Food Detection ◽  
Detection Speed ◽  
Fourth Pair

The ability to release a leg when forced by predators or during agonistic interactions is widespread and frequent in arthropods. Despite immediate benefits, losing legs may affect locomotion, sensory performance, reproduction, and fitness. The costs of autospasy in arachnids have been scarcely addressed. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the number and type of self-amputated legs (sensory or locomotive) affect locomotion and food detection speeds in the harvestman Holmbergiana weyenberghi (Holmberg, 1876) (Sclerosomatidae). With field surveys in a subtropical forest in Uruguay we found that 35% of individuals lacked at least one leg, and sensory legs (second pair) were the most frequently lost. In an indoor setup, we found that individuals missing one sensory leg walked and climbed a trunk slower than individuals lacking a locomotive leg (first, third, or fourth pair), or compared with those with eight legs. Lacking legs did not affect the food detection speed. Additionally, larger individuals with eight legs had greater walking and climbing speeds. Therefore, losing sensory legs affects locomotion in these harvestmen and may confer costs in orientation, balance, and substrate recognition. Finally, we compared our results with the different patterns reported for the effect of autospacy in other harvestman species.

scholarly journals Brain dopamine and serotonin transporter binding are associated with visual attention bias for food in lean men

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1707-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Koopman ◽  
A. Roefs ◽  
D. C. E. Elbers ◽  
E. Fliers ◽  
J. Booij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Food Detection ◽  
Total Food ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Detection Speed

BackgroundIn rodents, the striatal dopamine (DA) system and the (hypo)thalamic serotonin (5-HT) system are involved in the regulation of feedingbehavior. In lean humans, little is known about the relationship between these brain neurotransmitter systems and feeding. We studied the relationship between striatal DA transporters (DAT) and diencephalic 5-HT transporters (SERT), behavioral tasks and questionnaires, and food intake.MethodWe measured striatal DAT and diencephalic SERT binding with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT in 36 lean male subjects. Visual attention bias for food (detection speed and distraction time) and degree of impulsivity were measured using response-latency-based computer tasks. Craving and emotional eating were assessed with questionnaires and ratings of hunger by means of VAS scores. Food intake was assessed through a self-reported online diet journal.ResultsStriatal DAT and diencephalic SERT binding negatively correlated with food detection speed (p= 0.008,r= −0.50 andp= 0.002,r= −0.57, respectively), but not with food distraction time, ratings of hunger, craving or impulsivity. Striatal DAT and diencephalic SERT binding did not correlate with free choice food intake, whereas food detection speed positively correlated with total caloric intake (p= 0.001,r= 0.60), protein intake (p= 0.01,r= 0.44), carbohydrate intake (p= 0.03,r= 0.39) and fat intake (p= 0.06,r= 0.35).ConclusionsThese results indicate a role for the central 5-HT and DA system in the regulation of visual attention bias for food, which contributes to the motivation to eat, in non-obese, healthy humans. In addition, this study confirms that food detection speed, measured with the latency-based computer task, positively correlates with total food and macronutrient intake.

Substrate Recognition by Vitamin K-Dependent Carboxylase

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda M W Ulrich ◽  
Berry A M Soute ◽  
L Johan M van Haarlem ◽  
Cees Vermeer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Substrate Recognition ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Amino Acid Residues

SummaryDecarboxylated osteocalcins were prepared and purified from bovine, chicken, human and monkey bones and assayed for their ability to serve as a substrate for vitamin K-dependent carboxylase from bovine liver. Substantial differences were observed, especially between bovine and monkey d-osteocalcin. Since these substrates differ only in their amino acid residues 3 and 4, it seems that these residues play a role in the recognition of a substrate by hepatic carboxylase.

Minimetrò in Perugia as leverage for urban regeneration

TERRITORIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 148-163
Author(s):  
Luca Fondacci
Keyword(s):  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Peripheral Area ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Centre

In the 1970s, the fragile historical centre of the city of Perugia was a key area where the binomial of sustainable mobility and urban regeneration was developed and applied. At the turn of the xxi century, the low carbon automatic people-mover Minimetrò broadened that application from the city's historical centre to the outskirts, promoting the enhancement of several urban environments. This paper is the outcome of an investigation of original sources, field surveys and direct interviews, which addresses the Minimetrò as the backbone of a wide regeneration process which has had a considerable impact on the economic development of a peripheral area of the city which was previously devoid of any clear urban sense. The conclusion proposes some solutions to improve the nature of the Minimetrò as an experimental alternative means of transport.

Penataan Terminal Tipe B Kabupaten Sukabumi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Wiyoga Triharto ◽  
Bambang Perkasa Alam
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Type B ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Terminal Design ◽  
Transportation Facilities ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Ratu harbor beach is one of the mainstay tourist sites for the Regional Government of Sukabumi Regency in bringing PAD, besides public transportation facilities and terminals have a major role in supporting the queen port as a tourist attraction so that tourists are comfortable and facilitated in accessing through public transportation. The condition of the Pelabuhan Ratu Terminal, Sukabumi Regency is currently very poor, poorly maintained, and many supporting facilities are damaged and inadequate. This study aims to identify problems and formulate the type B terminal arrangement in Sukabumi Regency. The method used is descriptive qualitative in order to get a picture of the problems of the situation and conditions currently taking place or occurring in the present and the study of policies. Collecting data by field surveys, literature studies and interviews. The results in this study get a terminal B type terminal design concept Sukabumi Regency according to current and future needs.

In search of the camp of the IV Scythian legion near ancient Artaxata: research at Pokr Vedi 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 409-432
Author(s):  
Oskar Kubrak ◽  
Paulina Kubrak ◽  
Mkrtich H. Zardaryan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Geophysical Measurements ◽  
Selection Of

During the last years of Emperor Trajan’s reign, the Legio IV Scythica was stationed in the capital of Armenia at that time, Artaxata. It had made its way there within the scope of the Roman campaign against the Parthians. Its presence was immortalised on stamped rooftiles, bricks and a monumental inscription discovered by the southern border of the present-day village of Pokr Vedi. The inscription carved into limestone confirms the building activities of the Roman army. Similar inscriptions were frequently placed on the gates and most important buildings in legionary camps. Polish and Armenian archaeologists undertook a joint search for the supposed camp of the Fourth Scythian Legion in the vicinity of the present-day village of Pokr Vedi, where the above-mentioned construction inscription had been found. The field surveys conducted within the framework of the Pokr Vedi Project were mainly of a non-invasive character. The following were applied: surface prospection, aerial photography, interviews with the inhabitants, scanning of part of the terrain and geophysical measurements done using two methods: electrical resistivity and magnetic measurements. The accumulated data enabled the selection of sites in which survey trenches were located

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