scholarly journals Brain dopamine and serotonin transporter binding are associated with visual attention bias for food in lean men

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1707-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Koopman ◽  
A. Roefs ◽  
D. C. E. Elbers ◽  
E. Fliers ◽  
J. Booij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Food Detection ◽  
Total Food ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Detection Speed

BackgroundIn rodents, the striatal dopamine (DA) system and the (hypo)thalamic serotonin (5-HT) system are involved in the regulation of feedingbehavior. In lean humans, little is known about the relationship between these brain neurotransmitter systems and feeding. We studied the relationship between striatal DA transporters (DAT) and diencephalic 5-HT transporters (SERT), behavioral tasks and questionnaires, and food intake.MethodWe measured striatal DAT and diencephalic SERT binding with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT in 36 lean male subjects. Visual attention bias for food (detection speed and distraction time) and degree of impulsivity were measured using response-latency-based computer tasks. Craving and emotional eating were assessed with questionnaires and ratings of hunger by means of VAS scores. Food intake was assessed through a self-reported online diet journal.ResultsStriatal DAT and diencephalic SERT binding negatively correlated with food detection speed (p= 0.008,r= −0.50 andp= 0.002,r= −0.57, respectively), but not with food distraction time, ratings of hunger, craving or impulsivity. Striatal DAT and diencephalic SERT binding did not correlate with free choice food intake, whereas food detection speed positively correlated with total caloric intake (p= 0.001,r= 0.60), protein intake (p= 0.01,r= 0.44), carbohydrate intake (p= 0.03,r= 0.39) and fat intake (p= 0.06,r= 0.35).ConclusionsThese results indicate a role for the central 5-HT and DA system in the regulation of visual attention bias for food, which contributes to the motivation to eat, in non-obese, healthy humans. In addition, this study confirms that food detection speed, measured with the latency-based computer task, positively correlates with total food and macronutrient intake.

Emotional Eating Moderates the Relationship between Implicit Measures of Attitudes and Chocolate Consumption

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Ayres ◽  
Andrew Prestwich ◽  
Mark Conner ◽  
Paul Smith
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Explicit Attitude ◽  
Eating Style ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
The Relationship

Emotional eaters tend to eat more when emotionally aroused and their food–related actions are associated with lack of control. Two studies tested the hypothesis that implicit measures of attitudes would be more strongly associated with the dietary behaviour of emotional eaters. In both Study 1 ( N = 32) and Study 2 ( N = 101), participants completed the DEBQ sub–scale of emotional eating and implicit measures of attitude, explicit attitude and behaviour measures concerning chocolate consumption. In both studies, high emotional eaters were more likely than low emotional eaters to eat in line with their implicit measures of attitudes. The relationship between implicit measures of attitudes and food intake varies as a function of emotional eating style. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Impact of acute corticosterone administration on feeding and macronutrient self-selection patterns

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. R222-R228 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Kumar ◽  
S. F. Leibowitz
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Critical Signal ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food

Food intake, body weight, and meal patterns in rats are known to be specifically influenced by circulating corticosterone (CORT). The present study examined, in Sprague-Dawley rats, the role of CORT in the regulation of caloric intake and choice of macronutrients during specific periods of the light-dark cycle. Adrenalectomy (ADX) significantly attenuated the ingestion of all three macronutrients, namely, protein, carbohydrate, and fat, in different test periods of the light-dark cycle. This deficit was significantly stronger just before or during the early dark hours, compared with the light period, and it was immediately CORT reversible. During this same early dark period, the stimulatory effect of CORT (0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg sc) on total food intake in ADX animals was also significantly stronger than during the light period. At this time, the CORT-injected ADX animals consumed an even greater amount of total food intake than did the vehicle-injected sham-operated animals and showed a significant preference for carbohydrate, as opposed to no change or a decline in preference for protein or fat. These findings, in light of other evidence, suggest that CORT ensures and stabilizes the ingestion of all three macronutrients but, in particular, stimulates carbohydrate ingestion during the important feeding period at the dark onset when CORT levels normally peak. It is proposed that CORT may provide a critical signal, in conjunction with hypothalamic neurotransmitter systems, in the behavioral and metabolic regulation of body energy balance.

Food as a Means for Female Power Struggles

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte De Backer ◽  
Liselot Hudders ◽  
Maryanne L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interpersonal Competition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mind Diet

Food often brings to mind diet and health, but it also has important social functions. Food is about so much more than just caloric intake and providing nourishment to oneself and others under one’s care. It signals, for example, care about oneself and others by means of careful planning, preparation, and consumption. After reviewing several perspectives on the social dynamics of food, this chapter connects food to women’s intrasexual competition. Specifically, it addresses how cooking and food intake are self-promotion strategies, not only due to one’s demonstration of an excellent domestic ability to a potential audience but also by boosting one’s physical attractiveness via controlling food intake. While there exists little direct, empirical evidence on the relationship between interpersonal competition and food preparation and consumption, research from a wide array of topics offers support. The chapter closes with numerous directions for future research in the area of food studies.

The Relationship between Plasma Gastrin Concentration and Food Intake in the Chick

1996 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-167
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro FURUSE ◽  
Jun-ichi OKUMURA
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Plasma Gastrin ◽  
The Relationship

The Relationship between Nutritional Knowledge and Attitudes toward Food Intake and Nutritional Status of People with HIVAIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Meirina Dwi Larasati ◽  
Nurul Dwi Anggriyani ◽  
Susi Tursilowati ◽  
Ria Ambarwati ◽  
Yuniarti Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Eating Behavior of Brazilian College Students: Influences of Lifestyle, Negative Affectivity, and Personal Characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 003151252098308
Author(s):  
Bianca G. Martins ◽  
Wanderson R. da Silva ◽  
João Marôco ◽  
Juliana A. D. B. Campos
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In this study we proposed to estimate the impact of lifestyle, negative affectivity, and college students’ personal characteristics on eating behavior. We aimed to verify that negative affectivity moderates the relationship between lifestyle and eating behavior. We assessed eating behaviors of cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE), and emotional eating (EE)) with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-18. We assessed lifestyle with the Individual Lifestyle Profile, and we assessed negative affectivity with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. We constructed and tested (at p < .05) a hypothetical causal structural model that considered global (second-order) and specific (first-order) lifestyle components, negative affectivity and sample characteristics for each eating behavior dimension. Participants were 1,109 college students ( M age = 20.9, SD = 2.7 years; 65.7% females). We found significant impacts of lifestyle second-order components on negative affectivity (β = −0.57–0.19; p < 0.001–0.01) in all models. Physical and psychological lifestyle components impacted directly only on CR (β=−0.32–0.81; p < 0.001). Negative affectivity impacted UE and EE (β = 0.23–0.30; p < 0.001). For global models, we found no mediation pathways between lifestyle and CR or UE. For specific models, negative affectivity was a mediator between stress management and UE (β=−0.07; p < 0.001). Negative affectivity also mediated the relationship between thoughts of dropping an undergraduate course and UE and EE (β = 0.06–0.08; p < 0.001). Participant sex and weight impacted all eating behavior dimensions (β = 0.08–0.34; p < 0.001–0.01). Age was significant for UE and EE (β=−0,14– −0.09; p < 0.001–0.01). Economic stratum influenced only CR (β = 0.08; p = 0.01). In sum, participants’ lifestyle, negative emotions and personal characteristics were all relevant for eating behavior assessment.

scholarly journals The Gut–Brain Axis and Its Role in Controlling Eating Behavior in Intestinal Inflammation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 981
Author(s):  
Gordon William Moran ◽  
Gita Thapaliya
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Inflammatory Burden

Malnutrition represents a major problem in the clinical management of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Presently, our understanding of the cross-link between eating behavior and intestinal inflammation is still in its infancy. Crohn’s disease patients with active disease exhibit strong hedonic desires for food and emotional eating patterns possibly to ameliorate feelings of low mood, anxiety, and depression. Impulsivity traits seen in IBD patients may predispose them to palatable food intake as an immediate reward rather than concerns for future health. The upregulation of enteroendocrine cells (EEC) peptide response to food intake has been described in ileal inflammation, which may lead to alterations in gut–brain signaling with implications for appetite and eating behavior. In summary, a complex interplay of gut peptides, psychological, cognitive factors, disease-related symptoms, and inflammatory burden may ultimately govern eating behavior in intestinal inflammation.

Information Processing vs Visual Attention during Incidental Learning

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Wyrick ◽  
Vincent J. Tempone ◽  
Jack Capehart
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Order Information ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between attention and incidental learning during discrimination training was studied in 30 children, aged 10 to 11. A polymetric eye-movement recorder measured direct visual attention. Consistent with previous findings, recall of incidental stimuli was greatest during the initial and terminal stages of intentional learning. Contrary to previous explanations, however, visual attention to incidental stimuli was not related to training. While individual differences in attention to incidental stimuli were predictive of recall, attention to incidental stimuli was not related to level of training. Results suggested that changes in higher order information processing rather than direct visual attention were responsible for the curvilinear learning of incidental stimuli during intentional training.

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