Junction of deep structures of the Carpatho-Balkan region with those of the Black and Adriatic Seas

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Subbotin ◽  
V. B. Sollogub ◽  
D. Prosen ◽  
T. Dragasevic ◽  
E. Mituch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Gravity Anomalies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Moho Discontinuity ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Deep Seismic Soundings ◽  
Basaltic Layer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Deep Fractures

Deep crustal structures have been studied on the territory of southeastern Europe by means of deep seismic soundings (DSS), and a topographic scheme of the Mohorovičić (Moho) discontinuity has been compiled.Crustal thickness varies from 20–25 km in the Black Sea Depression and the Pannonian Middle Massif to 50–55 km in the Crimea, Carpathians, and Dinarides. Mountain 'roots' have been revealed along the Moho discontinuity and 'antiroots' along the 'basaltic' layer surface in the highland areas. Different relationships between the Moho discontinuity and the Conrad and basement surfaces are established, from the conformable to the inverse. Different types of crust are distinguished, characterized by different thicknesses of the individual layers as well as by deep fractures causing a block structure.The depressions of the Black and Adriatic Seas are characterized by the presence of intensive positive gravity anomalies, which are due to zones of subcrustal substance of higher density and thinning of the crust owing to a smaller thickness of the 'basaltic' or 'granitic' layers. The smaller thickness of the crust or its individual layers is associated with vertical and horizontal movements of the crust, which had resulted in over-thrusts, overthrust sheets, etc.The earth's crust of a continental type is contiguous with a sub-oceanic crust of the Black and Adriatic Seas along the deep fractures. The main fracture in the Black Sea is found near the south coast of the Crimean Peninsula, and the second one in the zone of a wedging out of the 'granitic' layer. The crustal region between these fractures should be related to an intermediate type.

scholarly journals The seascapes and the use of various anchor systems in the marine farms of The Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Vyalova O.Yu. ◽  
Prygunova I.L.
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Long Line ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Anchor Systems ◽  
Oyster Farms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Seascape complexes are decisive in choosing of technologies for growing different species of fish and mollusks, as well as in designing and installing farms on the Black Sea shelf. Marine farms, as hydrotechnical installations, play the role of artificial underwater seascapes and have a mutual influence on natural local systems. This article describes the main elements of mussel-oyster farms, the criteria for choosing a location for them, technological solutions of anchor systems, taking into account the peculiarities of the marine seascapes of the Crimean peninsula. In the Black Sea, it is advisable to install farms of the long-line type, which satisfy almost all the requirements for growing mollusks: they are quite stable during strong storms and wind impacts, allow changing the depth of mollusk placement if necessary, and are easy to install and maintain. The depths at the site which was selected for the installation of the marine farm should be in confines 10...30 m, and 15...20 m is the optimal depth for it. The permissible depth must be at least 10 m under the marine farm in consequence. The choice of optimal depths is associated with the need to save materials also. The characteristics, applicability and installation features of several types of anchors (concrete, screw and plow) for grounds of different composition and density are proposed. Promising areas for the development of the Black Sea mariculture are the western and eastern coasts of the Crimean peninsula.

scholarly journals Dinoflagellates of the Crimean Peninsula and its coastal waters

Algologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-358
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Bryantseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Sea Coast

The article is devoted to the generalization of the existing information concerning dinoflagellates of the Crimea. A list of dinoflagellate species of continental waters of the peninsula and the Crimean coast (Black and Azov seas) of Ukraine was compiled. It is based on the analysis of literature and original data obtained in 1987, 1992-1993 and 2011 in the Black Sea. The list of dinoflagellata species of Crimea includes 196 species (206 infraspecific taxa) belonging to 64 genera, 36 families, 15 orders and 3 classes. Eighteen species have been recorded in the fresh and salt water bodies and mud volcanoes of the least studied continental part of Crimea; half of them were also found in marine waters. Dinoflagellates of the Azov coast of Crimea and the Kerch Strait are similar in number of species, but differ significantly in composition (26 and 31 species, respectively; only 13 (25%) of them are common). The greatest number of species of dinoflagellates found on the Black Sea coast of Crimea. It is almost half of all species known for the Black Sea (196 and 447, respectively). To compare the species richness of dinoflagellates from different regions of the Crimea, survey data covering all areas in a short period of time are of great importance. A total of 74 species of dinoflagellates belonging to 3 classes, 11 orders, 22 families and 30 genera were found off the coast of Crimea. The most species-rich genera are Protoperidinium Bergh (17), Dinophysis Ehrenb. (8), Gymnodinium F.Stein (7) and Prorocentrum Ehrenb. (6). Based on the analysis of original and literature data and the criterion of similarity of the species composition of Crimean dinoflagellates, it’s division into five algofloristic regions is proposed: the western Black Sea coast of Crimea (from Karkinitsky Bay to Cape Aya); southeastern (from Ayia to Takil), Kerch Strait, Azov coast of Crimea and land (which, in turn, is divided into steppe and mountainous Crimean regions). It is in compliance with the algofloristic zoning of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Reporting of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1895) in the Territory of Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-137
Author(s):  
I. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. N. Yakunin ◽  
D. E. Abibulaev ◽  
V. V. Vladychak ◽  
N. V. Boroday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Vector Mosquito ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Entomological Monitoring ◽  
Southern Russia

Abstract. Detection of epidemiologically significant mosquitoes Ae. аlbopictus in the south of Russia (the Greater Sochi region, the Black Sea coast of Caucasus) suggested the possibility of their introduction into Crimea.Objective was to determine the possibility of existence of epidemically significant vector – mosquito Ae. albopictus inCrimea.Materials and methods. Within the frames of entomological monitoring, mosquitoes were collected during May-October, 2018 and May-September, 2019 in different regions of Crimea: Bakhchisaray, Dzhankoy, Razdolnensky, Saksky, Black Sea regions, urban areas ofSimferopol,Sevastopol and Feodosiya. Fully-grown mosquitoes were caught by automatic trap Mosquito Magnet Executive (USA) with octenol-based bait. Actively attacking females were collected with an aspirator by Gutsevich method. The survey was conducted in the evening and night hours. A total of 26 visits were made, 77 hours were spent, and 8463 mosquitoes (adult and larvae) were captured.Results and discussion. During entomological monitoring of the territory of Crimean Peninsula for the first time bloodsucking mosquitoes Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1895) were found. Given the favorable climatic conditions in Crimea, the trend towards global warming, the adaptation of mosquitoes to the periods of cold, biology of Aedes albopictus, the distribution of this species in the European part of southern Russia, the formation and dissemination of sustainably replicating vector population on the Crimea Peninsula is possible. To confirm the circulation of independent Ae. albopictus population inCrimea, not a random import of adult specimens who die in winter, further entomological surveys are required on a regular basis.

Analysis of potential seismic sources of tsunamis in the Black Sea region, using data from various catalogues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Oynakov ◽  
Liliya Dimitrova ◽  
Lyubka Pashova ◽  
Dragomir Dragomirov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Earthquake Catalogues ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Global Science ◽  
Using Data

<p>Low-laying territories along the Black Sea coastal line are more vulnerable to the possible high (long) waves due to tsunami events caused by strong earthquakes in the active seismic regions. Historically, such events are rare in the Black Sea region, despite some scientific evidence of tsunamis and their recordings through continuous sea-level observations with tide gauges built in certain places along the coast. This study analyses seismic data derived from different international earthquake catalogues - NEIC, ISC, EMSC, IDC and Bulgarian national catalogue (1981 - 2019). A catalogue of earthquakes within the period covering the historical to the contemporary seismicity with magnitudes M ≥ 3 is compiled. The data are processed applying the software package ZMAP, developed by Stefan Wiemer (http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/en/research-and-teaching/products-software/software/ZMAP/index.html). The catalogues' completeness is calculated to assess the reliability of the historical data needed to assess the risk of rare tsunami events. The prevailing part of the earthquakes' epicentres are in the seismically active regions of Shabla, the Crimean peninsula, the east and southeast coast of the Black Sea forming six main clusters, which confirmed previous studies in the region. In these areas, several active and potentially active faults, which can generate tsunamigenic seismic events, are recognized.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements: </strong>The authors would like to thank the Bulgarian National Science Fund for co-funding the research under the Contract КП-СЕ-КОСТ/8, 25.09.2020, which is carried out within framework of COST Action 18109 “Accelerating Global science In Tsunami HAzard and Risk analysis” (AGITHAR; https://www.agithar.uni-hamburg.de/).</p>

scholarly journals Salinity optima for vegetative growth and sexual reproduction of the diatom Toxarium undulatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
N. A. Davidovich ◽  
O. I. Davidovich
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clonal Cultures ◽  
Oceanic Species

Distribution of diatom algae is limited by their tolerance to environmental factors. Although a genus Toxarium has been evolving for more than 100 million years, it is represented by only two species. Toxarium undulatum is widely spread in tropical and subtropical seas, and it can be also found in the Black Sea, the salinity of which is twice lower than the oceanic one. Ecological and psychological characteristics research of this species is of great interest in terms of its relationship to salinity. T. undulatum clonal cultures were sampled in the Donuzlav Lake connected to the Black Sea (southwest of the Crimean Peninsula) and on Gran Canaria coast (Canary Islands archipelago). Experiments on the salinity tolerance limits showed, that the Black Sea clones were viable in a range of at least 30 ‰ (12 to 42 ‰). The same wide range of salinity tolerance with slightly higher values was observed among oceanic clones of this species. Optima of vegetative growth and sexual reproduction were determined. Optima of the Black Sea clones appeared to be 27.8 and 27.2 ‰, respectively, which was significantly higher than salinity observed in population habitat. Similar higher optima of vegetative growth and sexual reproduction, compared with those salinity values, at which natural population developed, were observed for a number of other Black Sea diatoms, which proved their oceanic (Mediterranean) origin. It was concluded that T. undulatum, along with other species, began to populate the Black Sea basin about seven thousand years ago after Mediterranean Sea water started to flow into the freshened Novoevksinsky Sea-Lake through the Bosporus Strait. However, the evolution rate did not allow bringing physiological and ecological characteristics of the species studied into full agreement with environmental conditions. Oceanic origin is evidently seen in its physiological reactions to salinity. Possibility of speciation due to settlement of the Black Sea with oceanic species is discussed.

scholarly journals A Sacral and Mythical Landscape: The Crimea in the East European Context

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-32
Author(s):  
Kerstin S. Jobst
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
East European ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
Political Agents

The Crimean peninsula plays a decisive role as a mythical place both in literature(e.g. by Goethe, Pushkin, Mickiewicz) and in many (pre-)national contexts and narratives: in the early modern period, for instance, the Polish nobility had developed the idea of its Sarmatian ancestry, an ethnos which in antiquity settled in the Black Sea area and the peninsula. German-speaking intellectuals in the 19th century developed an “enthusiasm for the Crimean Goths”.They believed that they had discovered their ancestors in the Gothic Crimean inhabitants, who had been extinct since early modern times. But above all the National Socialists attempted to legitimize their political claims to the peninsula. The mythical and legendary narrations associated with the Crimea in Russian culture, however, were particularly effective: The alleged baptism of Grand Duke Vladimir in Chersones in 988, which is said to have brought Christianity to the Kievan Ruś, plays a central role here, as do the numerous writers who drew inspiration from the Crimea. These narratives were used also by Russian political agents to legitimize the annexation of the Crimea in 2014.

scholarly journals Geographical variability of length-age structure of the Black Sea sprat Sprattus sprattus phalericus (Risso) (Pisces: Clupeidae) and intraspecific differentiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
G. V. Zuyev ◽  
V. A. Bondarev ◽  
Yu. V. Samotoi
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Population Parameter ◽  
Intraspecific Differentiation ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Scientific Technical

Investigations of the Black Sea sprat intraspecific differentiation are the basis for the scientific substantiation of rational exploitation of its resource potential. This work is devoted to the study of spatial variability of length and age structure of sprat as specific population parameter reflecting its intraspecific differentiation. Our own data and materials of Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) of the European Commission have been used. The first time long-term dynamics (2007–2012) and interannual variability of length and age structure of sprat in different geographical regions of the Black Sea (coastal waters of Bulgaria – Romania, Turkey and the Crimea) have been investigated. Differences of the long-term dynamics and interannual variability of length and age structure in these regions have been found. Sprat population from Bulgaria – Romania region is in better conditions (mean length 8.59 ± 0.01 cm; mean age 1.79  year), sprat population from Crimea region is in worse conditions (mean length 7.64 ± 0.01 cm; mean age 1.38 year). It has been shown that the main factor determining the interregional biological heterogeneity of sprat is the different fishery regulations. This fact disagrees with concept of united commercial sprat stock in the Black Sea.

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