A Study of Paleosols in the Saskatoon Area of Saskatchewan

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Turchenek ◽  
R. J. St. Arnaud ◽  
E. A. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Dune Sands ◽  
Aeolian Sediments ◽  
Alteration Processes ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
Aeolian Sands

Postglacial paleosols developed in lacustrine and aeolian sediments occur on terraces and in banks of the South Saskatchewan River near Saskatoon. At each of three sites a sequence of two paleosols was studied: a lower soil of immediate postglacial age as indicated by radiocarbon dates, that is buried by aeolian sands, and an upper one, located within the dune sands, that marks a period of stability of the dunes. Climatic fluctuations are inferred to be the cause of aeolian activity.One paleosol met the classification criteria for an Orthic Black Chernozemic soil. The other soils, particularly those developed in the dune sands, were weakly developed, Regosolic types of soils.Pedogenic interpretations were based on macro- and micromorphological observations as well as chemical characteristics. Micromorphology and the determination of calcite and dolomite distribution were particularly useful in differentiating sedimentary, pedogenic, and postburial alteration processes in the buried soil profiles. Studies of the organic matter suggest that it had changed markedly after burial.

scholarly journals A Lateglacial palaeosol cover in the Altdarss area, southern Baltic Sea coast (northeast Germany): investigations on pedology, geochronology and botany

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kaiser ◽  
A. Barthelmes ◽  
S. Czakó Pap ◽  
A. Hilgers ◽  
W. Janke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Vegetation Pattern ◽  
Buried Soils ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
Nw Europe ◽  
Aeolian Sands ◽  
Sea Coast

AbstractA new site with Lateglacial palaeosols covered by 0.8 - 2.4 m thick aeolian sands is presented. The buried soils were subjected to multidisciplinary analyses (pedology, micromorphology, geochronology, dendrology, palynology, macrofossils). The buried soil cover comprises a catena from relatively dry (’Nano’-Podzol, Arenosol) via moist (Histic Gleysol, Gleysol) to wet conditions (Histosol). Dry soils are similar to the so-called Usselo soil, as described from sites in NW Europe and central Poland. The buried soil surface covers ca. 3.4 km2. Pollen analyses date this surface into the late Allerød. Due to a possible contamination by younger carbon, radiocarbon dates are too young. OSL dates indicate that the covering by aeolian sands most probably occurred during the Younger Dryas. Botanical analyses enables the reconstruction of a vegetation pattern typical for the late Allerød. Large wooden remains of pine and birch were recorded.

scholarly journals Evidence of Mid-Holocene (Northgrippian Age) Dry Climate Recorded in Organic Soil Profiles in the Central Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Mitzy L. Schaney ◽  
James S. Kite ◽  
Christopher R. Schaney ◽  
James A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Appalachian Mountains ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Peat Accumulation ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

Peatlands in Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge hold a pedomemory of Pleistocene and Holocene climatic fluctuations in the central Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States. A field investigation profiling 88 organic soil profiles, coupled with 52 radiocarbon dates and peat accumulation rates, revealed a distinct sequence of organic soil horizons throughout five study areas. The dominantly anaerobic lower portions of the organic soil profiles consist of varied thicknesses of hemic and sapric soil materials, typically layered as an upper hemic horizon, underlain by a sapric horizon, underlain by another hemic horizon. Peat deposition began after the Last Glacial Maximum with relatively high Heinrich Stadial 1 accumulation rates to form the lowest hemic horizon. Peat accumulated at significantly slower rates as the climate continued to warm in the early Holocene Greenlandian Age. However, between 10,000 and 4200 cal yr BP peat accumulation decreased further and the decomposition of previously deposited peat prevailed, forming the sapric horizon. This interval of greater decomposition indicates a drier climatic with dates spanning the late Greenlandian Age through the Northgrippian Age. The upper hemic horizon within the anaerobic portion of the soil profile formed from high peat accumulation rates during the wetter late Holocene Meghalayan Age.

scholarly journals Optimisation of the prescription for trans-tibial (TT) amputees

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cortés ◽  
E. Viosca ◽  
J. V. Hoyos ◽  
J. Prat ◽  
J. Sánchez-Lacuesta
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Subject

The great diversity of prosthetic mechanisms available nowadays leads to the question of which type of artificial foot would be the most advisable for a particular person. To answer correctly, it is necessary to establish, in an objective way, the performance of each type of prosthetic mechanism. This knowledge is obtained by means of the study of the subject-prosthesis interaction, both in static and dynamic conditions. This paper, based on the analysis of 8 transtibial (TT) amputees, presents a quantitative method for the study of human gait which allows the determination of the influence of four different prosthetic ankle-foot mechanisms (SACH, Single-axis, Greissinger and Dynamic) on gait. To do this, 1341 gait trials at different cadences were analysed (383 with normal subjects and 958 with amputees, using the four prosthetic feet under study). From all the variables available for study only those which offered interpretable clinical information were chosen for analysis. A total of 18 variables (kinetic, kinematic and time-related) were selected. A covariance analysis (ANOVA) of these variables was made, which showed that the factors influencing TT amputee gait were, in order of importance, cadence and leg studied (sound or prosthetic), inter-individual variability and, finally, the prosthetic mechanism used. When looking at the performance during gait of the 4 prosthetic mechanisms studied it can be observed that there are similarities in the kinetic study between SACH and Dynamic feet on one hand and Single-axis and Greissinger feet on the other. These results seem to support the classification criteria of articulated and non-articulated prosthetic mechanisms.

scholarly journals A Bibliography of Radiocarbon Dating

Radiocarbon ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
Subject Headings

The scope of the problems which are involved in the determination of radiocarbon dates renders complete, or detailed, classification of the published results of the research most complicated. In assembling this bibliography several such classifications were discarded before the present simplified one emerged. It was found, for example, that in a detailed classification of subject titles a large number of papers would have to be listed under several, sometimes as many as four, different headings. This complicated and lengthened the listing and also materially increased the chance of inaccurately locating a title. In such an event it would be “lost” to all but the most meticulous searcher. The reduction in the number of subject headings is open to criticism. We suspect, however, that these are answered by the simplicity of the present outline.

scholarly journals Transport and modification of glaciovolcanic glass from source to sink on Mars

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. de Vet
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Geologic History ◽  
Physical Weathering ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Aeolian Sediments ◽  
Transport Cycle ◽  
Alteration Processes

AbstractSpectral observations show that volcanic glass is the dominant ingredient of the aeolian landforms which cover the northern lowlands on Mars. Surface winds subject these sands to physical alteration processes in the present-day surface environment. This work highlights the role of glaciovolcanism throughout Mars’ geologic history and the parallels with landforms and materials found in Iceland. As the physical properties of Martian volcanic glass particles are difficult to constrain from orbit, Icelandic materials can provide valuable insights in their transport and modification characteristics. The processing of glass grains by environmental processes by means of the dune transport cycle is discussed. Experiments targeted the grain-size alteration effects experienced during the dune transport cycle, including the effect of ‘low-energy’ avalanching and ‘high-energy’ aeolian regimes (i.e. particle rolling and saltation). Saltation transport was found to rapidly alter grains and particle size distributions, which contributes to a positive feedback loop where the new smaller grains are mobilised more easily after fracturing and surficial abrasion. Post-depositional physical alteration therefore needs to be reconciled with the present-day silicic spectral signatures of these glasses in order to infer the relevant landform genetic. This effort is especially relevant in respect to the loss of possible signatures of biochemical alteration from microbial interactions, as glaciovolcanic environments are favourable habitats for life. As chemical and physical weathering is limited to the grain exterior, the grain interior may still retain a geochemical record of the subglacial eruption environment in which these grains were formed. Quantification of the volatiles sequestered in the glass can therefore be used to identify the formative conditions of the amorphous component in aeolian sediments.

The Holland Paleosol: an informal pedostratigraphic unit in the coastal dunes of southeastern Lake Michigan

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1385-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F Arbogast ◽  
Randall J Schaetzl ◽  
Joseph P Hupy ◽  
Edward C Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Buried Soils ◽  
Coastal Sand Dunes ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Sand Supply ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
Coastal Sand

A very prominent buried soil crops out in coastal sand dunes along an ~200 km section of the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan. This study is the first to investigate the character of this soil — informally described here as the Holland Paleosol — by focusing on six sites from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore north to Montague, Michigan. Most dunes in this region are large (>40 m high) and contain numerous buried soils that indicate periods of reduced sand supply and comcomitant stabilization. Most of these soils are buried in the lower part of the dunes and are thin Entisols. The soil described here, in contrast, is relatively well developed, is buried in the upper part of many dunes, and formed by podzolization under forest vegetation. Radiocarbon dates indicate that this soil formed between ~3000 and 300 calibrated years BP. Pedons of the Holland Paleosol range in development from thick Entisols (Regosols) with A–Bw–BC–C horizonation to weakly developed Spodosols (Podzols) with A–E–Bs–Bw–BC–C profiles. Many profiles have overthickened and (or) stratified A horizons, indicative of slow and episodic burial. Differences in development are mainly due to paleolandscape position and variations in paleoclimate among the sites. The Holland Paleosol is significant because it represents a relatively long period of landscape stability in coastal dunes over a broad (200 km) area. This period of stability was concurrent with numerous fluctuations in Lake Michigan. Given the general sensitivity of coastal dunes to prehistoric lake-level fluctuations, the soil may reflect a time when the lake shore was farther west than it is today. The Holland Paleosol would probably qualify as a formal pedostratigraphic unit if it were buried by a formal lithostratgraphic or allostratigraphic unit.

Determination of the Age of Swiss Lake Dwellings as an Example of Dendrochronologically-Calibrated Radiocarbon Dating

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Ferguson ◽  
B. huber ◽  
H. E. Suess
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Swiss Lake

Comparison of the radiocarbon content of a series of samples of dendrochronologically dated bristlecone pine wood with that from trees for which a so-called floating tree-ring chronology has been established makes it possible to determine an empirical age for this floating tree-ring series based upon the age of the wood used for comparison. For the case of the Swiss Lake Dwellers, the difference between conventional radiocarbon dates and the age values determined in this manner amounts to about 800 years. The age of the floating chronology was determined within a standard error of less than 40 years. The measurements indicate that the dwellings were constructed during the 38th century B. C.

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