Fluvial clastic sediment yield in Canada: scaled analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1267-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Church ◽  
Darren Ham ◽  
Marwan Hassan ◽  
Olav Slaymaker
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Fluvial Sediment ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Basin Area

This report presents a set of maps of regional fluvial sediment yield in Canada, based mainly on the Water Survey of Canada archive of riverine suspended sediment observations. Regional scaling relations for the variation of suspended sediment load with drainage basin area are established to permit data to be adjusted to common areal bases for portrayal of regional variations. For most regions, the specific sediment yield increases downstream, indicating regional degradation of river valleys. In the southern prairies, however, regional aggradation is occurring, and in southern Ontario similar quantities of fluvial sediment are apparently being yielded, on average, over all scales in the landscape. A smoothed regional portrayal of the results is obtained by kriging, which also yields error estimates for locally predicted values of sediment yield. Maps are presented for the standard areas of 1 km2, 102 km2 (10 km × 10 km), and 104 km2 (102 km × 102 km).

scholarly journals Sediment Load and Suspended Sediment Concentration Prediction

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bečvář Martin
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
River Basins ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentrations ◽  
Annual Sediment

Sediment is a natural component of riverine environments and its presence in river systems is essential. However, in many ways and many places river systems and the landscape have been strongly affected by human activities which have destroyed naturally balanced sediment supply and sediment transport within catchments. As a consequence a number of severe environmental problems and failures have been identified, in particular the link between sediments and chemicals is crucial and has become a subject of major scientific interest. Sediment load and sediment concentration are therefore highly important variables that may play a key role in environment quality assessment and help to evaluate the extent of potential adverse impacts. This paper introduces a methodology to predict sediment loads and suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in large European river basins. The methodology was developed within an MSc research study that was conducted in order to improve sediment modelling in the GREAT-ER point source pollution river modelling package. Currently GREAT-ER uses suspended sediment concentration of 15 mg/l for all rivers in Europe which is an obvious oversimplification. The basic principle of the methodology to predict sediment concentration is to estimate annual sediment load at the point of interest and the amount of water that transports it. The amount of transported material is then redistributed in that corresponding water volume (using the flow characteristic) which determines sediment concentrations. Across the continent, 44 river basins belonging to major European rivers were investigated. Suspended sediment concentration data were collected from various European basins in order to obtain observed sediment yields. These were then compared against the traditional empiric sediment yield estimators. Three good approaches for sediment yield prediction were introduced based on the comparison. The three approaches were applied to predict annual sediment yields which were consequently translated into suspended sediment concentrations. SSC were predicted at 47 locations widely distributed around Europe. The verification of the methodology was carried out using data from the Czech Republic. Observed SSC were compared against the predicted ones which validated the methodology for SSC prediction.

scholarly journals Monthly Suspended Sediment Load Estimation using Artificial Neural Network and Traditional Models in Krishna River Basin, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-618
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Artificial Neural

The measurement of sediment yield is essential for getting the information of the mass balance between sea and land. It is difficult to directly measure the suspended sediment because it takes more time and money. One of the most common pollutants in the aquatic environment is suspended sediments. The sediment loads in rivers are controlled by variables like canal slope, basin volume, precipitation seasonality and tectonic activity. Water discharge and water level are the major controlling factor for estimate the sediment load in the Krishna River. Artificial neural network (ANN) is used for sediment yield modeling in the Krishna River basin, India. The comparative results show that the ANN is the easiest model for the suspended sediment yield estimates and provides a satisfactory prediction for very high, medium and low values. It is also noted that the Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) model predicted an many number of negative sediment outputs at lower values. This is entirely unreality because the suspended sediment result can not be negative in nature. The ANN is provided better results than traditional models. The proposed ANN model will be helpful where the sediment measures are not available.

Spatial and Temporal Variability in Suspended Sediment Yield for two tropical mountain catchments draining into the Southern Ethiopian Rift Valley.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Alemayehu Kasaye ◽  
Guchie Gulie ◽  
Margaret Chen ◽  
Gert Verstraeten
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Ethiopian Rift ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
Rift Valley Lakes ◽  
Gauging Station

<p>Complex terrain tropical mountainous catchments are typically characterized by intense rainfall events, flash floods and high erosion rates with large variability over short distances. Whilst these processes are known, little quantitative information on the spatiotemporal variability in suspended sediment yield (SY) of African tropical mountain environments is available. Here, we provide such data for two catchments in the Southern Ethiopian Rift Valley characterised by annual rainfall of 700 to 1000 mm concentrated in the rainy season from April to October. In total 6 gauging stations were installed along Elgo (298 km²) and Shafe (191 km²) rivers which have their headwaters in the Gamo Highlands (max. elevation 3500 m) and run into the rift valley lakes of Chamo (1107 m) and Abaya (1169 m), respectively. For each river, a gauging station was installed where they enter the lakes as well as at the apex of extensive alluvial fans that developed in the graben lowlands, enabling to quantify the buffering capacity of the fans. For Elgo, two extra stations in the highlands were installed to monitor downstream changes in SY. At all stations, discharge (Q) was measured at 10-min resolution using a pressure diver during in 2018-2019. Additionally, 1542 samples were taken to measure the suspended sediment concentration (SSC), and these were used to establish sediment rating curves in order to calculate total suspended SY from the continuous discharge records. Observed SSC varies between 0.04 and 111.48 g/l for discharges ranging between 0.005 and 227.20 m³/s, whereas annual SY varies between 1133 and 6373 t/km²/year. Both SSC and SY values are in line with those reported for other highland rivers in Ethiopia and in line with SY values for other tropical mountain catchments in the world. A strong temporal variability in SSC and SY is observed and can be explained mainly due to changes in hillslope sediment supply throughout the seasons. Peak sediment transport is mostly concentrated in the first two months (May to June) of the rainy seasons accounting for about 60% of the total SY of the season. At the start of the rainy season, topsoil is loose because of tillage operations that prepare the soil for cultivation. Furthermore, vegetation cover is at its lowest value. Throughout the rainy season, vegetation cover increases and hence soil erosion and sediment yield declines.  Comparing the SY of the various gauging stations shows that total sediment load increases in downstream direction, up to the apex of the alluvial fans. Whereas agricultural top soil erosion is most important in the upper parts of the landscape, gully erosion and river bank erosion also contribute much sediment in downstream direction. However, total suspended SY delivered to the lake-based gauging stations is 32 to 53% lower compared to the total suspended SY measured at the gauging station situated near the apex of the alluvial fans. This implies that a significant proportion of the sediment load is buffered by the fans and points to an important dis-connectivity between eroding mountains and rift valley lakes.</p>

Temporal variability of annual suspended sediment yield estimates and their uncertainties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Slabon ◽  
Thomas Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annual Sediment

<p>Suspended sediment contributes to the vast majority of the annual sediment load transported by rivers to the global oceans. At the same time, this large fraction is transported just in a fraction of time. Towards achieving sustainable sediment management and healthy fluvial systems, identifying the impact of the temporal variability on annual load estimates becomes indispensable in order to reduce uncertainties.</p><p>We aim to estimate the temporal variability of suspended sediment transport and the uncertainty of annual suspended sediment loads. Our approach is based on high-resolution time series (15 min sampling interval) of discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) at four monitoring stations with different degrees of discharge variability. The quantification of the variability of discharge and sediment yield is achieved through the exceedance time. The uncertainty of the annual sediment load is estimated using a bootstrap approach. We assess the impact of the sampling interval and link the optimal sampling interval to different SSC-variability. Further, the impact of rating parameters on the uncertainty of annual loads is investigated.</p><p>Our results indicate an increase in SSC-variability with decreasing discharge, leading to a negative relationship with the contributing catchment area. The 80 % exceedance times for the annual sediment load range from less than 10 % for the river Ammer (catchment area 608 km²) between 10 – 20 % for the rivers Ilz (765 km²) and Moselle (27 088 km²) to more than 40 % for the river Rhine (109 806 km²). Simultaneously, the variability increases with a decrease in sampling frequency. Our preliminary results indicate a negative exponential relationship between exceedance time and uncertainties in annual load estimates. This relationship can be used to estimate the uncertainty of annual loads estimated based on low frequency sediment sampling at the continental to global scale.</p>

scholarly journals Suspended Sediment Transport from the Dokriani Glacier in the Garhwal Himalayas

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Singh ◽  
K. S. Ramasatri ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
N. K. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Garhwal Himalayas ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentrations ◽  
June July

Estimation of sediment load from glacierized basins is very important for planning, designing, installation and operation of hydro-power projects, including management of reservoirs. In the present study, an assessment of suspended sediment concentration, load, yield and erosion rate has been undertaken for the Dokriani Glacier drainage basin located in the Garhwal Himalayas. About 60% of the total drainage area of this basin is glacierized. Data were collected for four ablation seasons (1995-1998). The mean daily suspended sediment concentrations for June, July, August and September were 452, 933, 965 and 275 mg 1-1, respectively, indicating highest suspended sediment concentration in August, followed by July. Similar trends were also found for the sediment load and about 88% of the total suspended sediment load of the melt period was transported during the months of July and August. Sediment yield for the study basin was computed to be about 2,800 t km-2 yr-1, which is comparable with glacierized basins (10-30% glacierized) in the Pamir region. For the entire ablation period, the erosion from the Dokriani Glacier basin is estimated to be about 1.0 mm. There was a poor relationship between suspended sediment concentration and discharge. The average percentages of clay, silt and sand were found to be 1.4, 67.3 and 31.3%, respectively, which suggest maximum content of silt followed by sand. There was limited variation in the content of clay, silt and sand in the suspended sediment during the ablation period.

scholarly journals How does the suspended sediment yield change in the North Caucasus during the Anthropocene?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Tsyplenkov ◽  
Valentin Golosov
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Suspended Sediment Load ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain Part

<p>Processes linked to climate change and intensified anthropogenic pressure influence the environment, the hydrology and by extent the denudation processes in the Caucasus mountain belt. Quantitative assessments of sediment fluxes and their temporal evolution in this mountain region required for various environmental and engineering purposes, including the planning and maintenance of water reservoirs and other structures. This paper presents an analysis of the suspended sediment load data from almost 40 gauging stations located in the mountain part of the Terek river basin (North Caucasus, Russia). The collected dataset include river basins with various glacier cover (0%-20%) and human impact. All river basins show consistent decreases in mean annual suspended sediment load (SSL, kg/s) up to 1–2% per year during 1925–2018 (according to Mann-Kendall test). The cumulative deviation curve of the mean annual SSL for the last 60 years indicates that SSL has increased significantly from ca. 1970-1980 to 1990-2000 for the most North Caucasus rivers. However, after the 2000s mean annual values of the SSL show a stable decrease in all observed rivers. Possible mechanisms of observed changes are discussed. This study provides the data on climate-related changes in the sediment yield for a previously not investigated region.</p>

scholarly journals Variations of Fluvial Sediment Transport after Large Earthquakes: Field Study in Taiwan Catchments

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Fluvial Sediment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fluvial Sediment Transport

By estimating long-term suspended sediment discharges around river catchments, recovery periods of fluvial sediment transport after a large earthquake can be assessed. This study proved that the recovery period in a given catchment is positively correlated with the peak ground motions triggered by an earthquake. The correlation indicates that a recovery period of more than four years is required if a catchment is affected by an earthquake with a ground acceleration greater than 400 gal (~0.4 g). A total of four factors (sediment transport, seismic frequency, rock strength, and joint density) in the multivariate analysis were carefully considered to assess their influence on the sediment yield. As expected, runoff and geomaterial properties were the most important factors affecting the amount of suspended sediment discharges. The analysis of the influence factors further revealed that earthquake frequency is another important factor for sediment yield, especially within a few years after a large earthquake.

Assessment of suspended sediment concentration and load from a large Himalayan glacier

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manohar Arora ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Jatin Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Garhwal Himalayas ◽  
Gangotri Glacier ◽  
The Mean ◽  
June July ◽  
Maximum Content

An assessment of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), load, yield and erosion rate has been undertaken for the Gangotri Glacier drainage basin (nearly 50% glaciated) located in the Garhwal Himalayas. Data were collected for four ablation seasons (2008–2011). Mean monthly SSCs, for May, June, July, August and September during the study period was 1,011, 1,384, 1,916, 1,675 and 567 ppm, respectively, indicating highest SSC in July, followed by August. For the entire melt season, the mean daily SSC was computed to be 1,320 ppm. Similar trends were also found for the sediment load and about 67% of the total suspended sediment load of the melt period was transported during the months of July and August. Sediment yield for the study basin was computed to be about 2,863 tonnes km–2yr–1. For the entire ablation period, the erosion from the Gangotri Glacier basin is estimated to be about 1.0 mm. There was a poor relationship between SSC and discharge and hysteresis effect was prominent in the melt stream. The average percentages of clay, silt and sand were found to be 3, 67 and 30%, respectively, which suggest maximum content of silt followed by sand.

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