Movements of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) in southeast Alaska: potential for increased conservation and yield from marine reserves

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1083-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Starr ◽  
Victoria O'Connell ◽  
Stephen Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree

Residence time and movement rates of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) were recorded in an area closed to fishing in southeast Alaska to evaluate the potential effects of reserves on mortality, egg production, and fishery yield. In 1999, 43 lingcod were tagged with sonic transmitters, and an array of receivers moored in the reserve recorded signals transmitted from tagged fish for 14 months. Most of the tagged fish frequently left the reserve but were only absent for short time periods. Tagged fish showed a high degree of site fidelity. Models generated from the tag data provided a way to predict the effects of marine reserves on yield and eggs per recruit for a cohort of female lingcod. Model results indicated that for lingcod stocks with low abundance, marine reserves could improve egg production while having a small effect on fishery yield. For more abundant stocks, if a portion of the stock is protected in reserves, fishing rates could be increased outside reserves without reducing egg production relative to egg production levels in the absence of reserves.

Use of Acoustic Tags to Estimate Natural Mortality, Spillover, and Movements of Lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) in a Marine Reserve

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Starr ◽  
Victoria O'Connell ◽  
Stephen Ralston ◽  
Laurence Breaker
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Acoustic Tags ◽  
Fish Tagging ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree

Advances in electronic telemetry systems have led to fish tagging studies that are sufficiently long to provide estimates of natural mortality of many marine fishes. We used acoustic transmitters and an array of recording receivers to estimate natural mortality, residence times, and rates of movements of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) in a marine reserve in southeast Alaska. We surgically implanted acoustic tags in a total of 83 lingcod in December 1999 and July 2000, and distributed recording monitors with receiving ranges of at least 800 m throughout the reserve. The receivers were anchored on the seafloor in locations that resulted in overlapping receiving ranges, and thus created an array of receivers that completely encompassed an 8 km2 reserve. In this way, we were able to estimate natural mortality rates and track movements of tagged lingcod into and out of the reserve from December 1999 through October 2001. Acoustic tag results indicated that most of the tagged fish frequently left the reserve, but were only absent for short time periods. Tagged fish showed a high degree of site fidelity. The large number of signals received from tagged fish enabled us to generate models that provided a way to predict the effects of marine reserves on yield and eggs per recruit for a cohort of female lingcod.

scholarly journals Diffusion modeling reveals effects of multiple release sites and human activity on a recolonizing apex predator

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Eisaguirre ◽  
Perry J. Williams ◽  
Xinyi Lu ◽  
Michelle L. Kissling ◽  
William S. Beatty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Multiple Population

Abstract Background Reintroducing predators is a promising conservation tool to help remedy human-caused ecosystem changes. However, the growth and spread of a reintroduced population is a spatiotemporal process that is driven by a suite of factors, such as habitat change, human activity, and prey availability. Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are apex predators of nearshore marine ecosystems that had declined nearly to extinction across much of their range by the early 20th century. In Southeast Alaska, which is comprised of a diverse matrix of nearshore habitat and managed areas, reintroduction of 413 individuals in the late 1960s initiated the growth and spread of a population that now exceeds 25,000. Methods Periodic aerial surveys in the region provide a time series of spatially-explicit data to investigate factors influencing this successful and ongoing recovery. We integrated an ecological diffusion model that accounted for spatially-variable motility and density-dependent population growth, as well as multiple population epicenters, into a Bayesian hierarchical framework to help understand the factors influencing the success of this recovery. Results Our results indicated that sea otters exhibited higher residence time as well as greater equilibrium abundance in Glacier Bay, a protected area, and in areas where there is limited or no commercial fishing. Asymptotic spread rates suggested sea otters colonized Southeast Alaska at rates of 1–8 km/yr with lower rates occurring in areas correlated with higher residence time, which primarily included areas near shore and closed to commercial fishing. Further, we found that the intrinsic growth rate of sea otters may be higher than previous estimates suggested. Conclusions This study shows how predator recolonization can occur from multiple population epicenters. Additionally, our results suggest spatial heterogeneity in the physical environment as well as human activity and management can influence recolonization processes, both in terms of movement (or motility) and density dependence.

Recognition of Short Time Periods through Seriation

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement W. Meighan
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Time Discrimination ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Short Time

One aspect of the recent article by Drennan (1976) merits some additional discussion. This has to do with the units of time that can be discriminated by seriation methods. One advance claimed for the new method proposed is that it allows for time placement within 25 years or so, stated as “ … finer than most traditional seriation.” In an article published 17 years ago, I showed this degree of time discrimination, with a much simpler graphical method of seriation.

scholarly journals Aboriginal Tourism as Sustainable Social-Environmental Enterprise (SSEE): A Tlingit Case Study from Southeast Alaska

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paphaphit Wanasuk ◽  
Thomas F Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Operating Space ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Safe Operating ◽  
Dominant Influence

The Tlingit Aboriginal tourism enterprise named Icy Strait Point in Hoonah, Southeast Alaska is used as a case study to develop the new concept of Sustainable Social-Environmental Enterprise (SSEE). SSEE is defined as an innovative enterprise that has dynamic operational strategies while still maintaining its corporate core values and integrating social, environmental, cultural, economic and political (SECEP) sustainabilities in its operations. The SSEE framework assesses enterprises according to five domains of sustainability: social, environmental, cultural, economic, and political. Applying this framework, we find that while social, economic, and cultural sustainability goals have been achieved in a relatively short time by the Aboriginal tourism enterprise in Hoonah, the political and environmental spheres of sustainability are constrained by the dominant influence of the multinational cruise ship industry over tourism development. Thus, for an emerging tourism enterprise to be sustainable, we suggest each of these livelihood dimensions needs to achieve "a safe operating space" that is adaptable over time and to changing social and environmental circumstances.

scholarly journals How realistic are painted lightnings? Quantitative comparison of the morphology of painted and real lightnings: a psychophysical approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 474 (2214) ◽  
pp. 20170859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Stromp ◽  
Alexandra Farkas ◽  
Balázs Kretzer ◽  
Dénes Száz ◽  
András Barta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Angle Distribution ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Turning Angle ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Number Of Branches

Inspired by the pioneer work of the nineteenth century photographer, William Nicholson Jennings, we studied quantitatively how realistic painted lightnings are. In order to answer this question, we examined 100 paintings and 400 photographs of lightnings. We used our software package to process and evaluate the morphology of lightnings. Three morphological parameters of the main lightning branch were analysed: (i) number of branches N b , (ii) relative length r , and (iii) number of local maxima (peaks) N p of the turning angle distribution. We concluded: (i) Painted lightnings differ from real ones in N b and N p . (ii) The r -values of painted and real lightnings vary in the same range. (iii) 67 and 22% of the studied painted and real lightnings were non-bifurcating ( N b  = 1, meaning only the main branch), the maximum of N b of painted and real lightnings is 11 and 51, respectively, and painted bifurcating lightnings possess mostly 2–4 branches, while real lightnings have mostly 2–10 branches. To understand these findings, we performed two psychophysical experiments with 10 test persons, whose task was to guess N b on photographs of real lightnings which were flashed for short time periods Δ t  = 0.5, 0.75 and 1 s (characteristic to lightnings) on a monitor. We obtained that (i) test persons can estimate the number of lightning branches quite correctly if N b  ≤ 11. (ii) If N b  > 11, its value is strongly underestimated with exponentially increasing difference between the real and estimated numbers. (iii) The estimation is independent of the flashing period Δ t of lightning photos/pictures. (iv) The estimation is more accurate, if skeletonized lightning pictures are flashed, rather than real lightning photos. These findings explain why artists usually illustrate lightnings with branches not larger than 11.

Scaling Issues in Landscape Ecology

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-41
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. With
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Ecology ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Ecological Forecasting ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Over Time

Spatial patterns are ubiquitous in nature, and ecological systems exhibit patchiness (heterogeneity) across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Landscape ecology is explicitly concerned with understanding how scale affects the measurement of heterogeneity and the scale(s) at which spatial pattern is important for ecological phenomena. Patterns and processes measured at fine spatial scales and over short time periods are unlikely to behave similarly at broader scales and extended time periods. An understanding of pattern-process linkages, a major research focus in landscape ecology, thus requires an understanding of how patterns change with scale, spatially and temporally. The development of methods for extrapolating information across scales is necessary for predicting how landscapes will change over time as well as for ecological forecasting. This chapter explores how scaling issues affect ecological investigations, discusses problems in identifying the correct scale for research, and outlines when and how ecological data can be extrapolated.

scholarly journals The first in situ synthesis of 1,3-dioxan-5-one derivatives and their direct use in Claisen-Schmidt reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Javad Poursharifi ◽  
Mohammad M. Mojtahedi ◽  
M. Saeed Abaee ◽  
Mohammad M. Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
Stepwise Procedures ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractA method is developed for in situ generation of 1,3-dioxan-5-one derivatives 2. These compounds are simple precursors for accessing carbohydrate structures and previously had to be produced via stepwise procedures using excessive amounts of reagents. In the present work, three different derivatives of 2 were synthesized via the reaction of trialkoxyalkanes with dihydroxyacetone dimer 1 in the presence of acetic acid as the catalyst. In the same pot, derivatives of 2 were reacted with aromatic aldehydes and 30 mol% of pyrrolidine to obtain high yields of the respective bischalcones 3 within short time periods.

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