Use of Acoustic Tags to Estimate Natural Mortality, Spillover, and Movements of Lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) in a Marine Reserve

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Starr ◽  
Victoria O'Connell ◽  
Stephen Ralston ◽  
Laurence Breaker
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Acoustic Tags ◽  
Fish Tagging ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree

Advances in electronic telemetry systems have led to fish tagging studies that are sufficiently long to provide estimates of natural mortality of many marine fishes. We used acoustic transmitters and an array of recording receivers to estimate natural mortality, residence times, and rates of movements of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) in a marine reserve in southeast Alaska. We surgically implanted acoustic tags in a total of 83 lingcod in December 1999 and July 2000, and distributed recording monitors with receiving ranges of at least 800 m throughout the reserve. The receivers were anchored on the seafloor in locations that resulted in overlapping receiving ranges, and thus created an array of receivers that completely encompassed an 8 km2 reserve. In this way, we were able to estimate natural mortality rates and track movements of tagged lingcod into and out of the reserve from December 1999 through October 2001. Acoustic tag results indicated that most of the tagged fish frequently left the reserve, but were only absent for short time periods. Tagged fish showed a high degree of site fidelity. The large number of signals received from tagged fish enabled us to generate models that provided a way to predict the effects of marine reserves on yield and eggs per recruit for a cohort of female lingcod.

Movements of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) in southeast Alaska: potential for increased conservation and yield from marine reserves

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1083-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Starr ◽  
Victoria O'Connell ◽  
Stephen Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree

Residence time and movement rates of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) were recorded in an area closed to fishing in southeast Alaska to evaluate the potential effects of reserves on mortality, egg production, and fishery yield. In 1999, 43 lingcod were tagged with sonic transmitters, and an array of receivers moored in the reserve recorded signals transmitted from tagged fish for 14 months. Most of the tagged fish frequently left the reserve but were only absent for short time periods. Tagged fish showed a high degree of site fidelity. Models generated from the tag data provided a way to predict the effects of marine reserves on yield and eggs per recruit for a cohort of female lingcod. Model results indicated that for lingcod stocks with low abundance, marine reserves could improve egg production while having a small effect on fishery yield. For more abundant stocks, if a portion of the stock is protected in reserves, fishing rates could be increased outside reserves without reducing egg production relative to egg production levels in the absence of reserves.

scholarly journals Aboriginal Tourism as Sustainable Social-Environmental Enterprise (SSEE): A Tlingit Case Study from Southeast Alaska

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paphaphit Wanasuk ◽  
Thomas F Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Operating Space ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Safe Operating ◽  
Dominant Influence

The Tlingit Aboriginal tourism enterprise named Icy Strait Point in Hoonah, Southeast Alaska is used as a case study to develop the new concept of Sustainable Social-Environmental Enterprise (SSEE). SSEE is defined as an innovative enterprise that has dynamic operational strategies while still maintaining its corporate core values and integrating social, environmental, cultural, economic and political (SECEP) sustainabilities in its operations. The SSEE framework assesses enterprises according to five domains of sustainability: social, environmental, cultural, economic, and political. Applying this framework, we find that while social, economic, and cultural sustainability goals have been achieved in a relatively short time by the Aboriginal tourism enterprise in Hoonah, the political and environmental spheres of sustainability are constrained by the dominant influence of the multinational cruise ship industry over tourism development. Thus, for an emerging tourism enterprise to be sustainable, we suggest each of these livelihood dimensions needs to achieve "a safe operating space" that is adaptable over time and to changing social and environmental circumstances.

Estimation of Effective Effort from Catch-at-Age Data

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2421-2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Paloheimo ◽  
Yong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
A Value ◽  
Basic Equations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Two Age Groups

We present a method for estimating effective efforts or fishing mortality rates based on a linearized version of the catch equation. Catch-at-age for at least two age groups over a series of years is required. The method presupposes a value for natural mortality rate (M). The method is validated using simulated data with an appropriate error structure. The algorithm always converges to a set of effective efforts that are compatible with the known catches. Nevertheless, the solution to the basic equations is not unique although the different solutions are typically highly correlated. If the M assumed by the algorithm is the same as the actual M the iterated effective efforts are typically very close to the true effective efforts or fishing mortality rates. If the assumed M is too high or too low the pattern of effective efforts is still recovered to a high degree of accuracy, typically 0.90 < r < 1.00, even though M may be off by as much as 60%. When data for three or more age groups are available the method is extended to at least squares procedure that takes into account the increasing uncertainty of catches with age.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of German Coastal Defense Line in 1942-1944 and Search for Military Historical Heritage Objects. Bolshoi Tyuters Island. Data of Geophysical Methods and Excavations.

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-161
Author(s):  
Aleksandr L'vovich Borisik ◽  
Evgeniy Vladimirovich Pyatigorskiy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Metal Debris ◽  
Coastal Defense ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The article describes the results of full-scale geophysical 2017-2018 studies conducted with the purpose of detecting military historical heritage objects on Bolshoy Tyuters Island. Sand dunes located in the eastern part of the island were studied in a short time by detailed magnetic exploration with an observation step of about 1 m. The most interesting anomalies of the magnetic field were investigated with the georadiolocation method. The processed results provided for mapping the anomalous magnetic field and creating georadiolocation sections and a dimensional relief model which demonstrate anomalies related to German defense and are promising for further excavations. The pinpoint excavations of the identified anomalies made it possible to explain their nature and discover objects of historical value at depths of up to 5 m. Despite high "contamination" of the dunes with metal debris, the use of geophysical methods with a dense observation system made it possible to detect a large number of objects of military historical heritage and significantly reduce the volume of excavations. Linking of the German positions archival scheme at hand additionally provided for comparing the location of the objects found with symbols made on it. After systematization and generalization of all the information obtained during 4 years of research on the island, it is possible to reconstruct the system of German defense in the area of sand dunes with a high degree of reliability.

scholarly journals THE ROADS OF MILITARY EVENTS: BUKOVINA, XIV—XVIII CENTURIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
V. P. Korzhyk
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The Road ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
High Level ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Village

The presence of communication, their density, quality, parameters to a large extent determine the strategy, logistics, tactics and overall success of military conflict resolution. On the territory of Bukovina, which is marked by an intensely dissected topography and a high degree of afforestation, the road network adapted to these difficult conditions. It played a decisive role in the implementation of the historical-geographical process in its belligerative format. From this position military conflicts signifying for Bukovyna were analyzed. The battle in the Kozmin forest (October 1497) between Poland (Jan Olbright) and Moldova (Stefan the Great) (Chernivtsi region, Glybotsky district) is very interesting for military history. Due to the high level of forestness of the territory and a small number of roads, the battle took place along the main road at a distance of 20—22 km. For those times it became a unique phenomenon. The tactics of the forest ambush allowed a much smaller Moldovian army (a maximum of 16—17 thousand people) to achieve significant success in a short time. Was destroyed more than half of the living force of the enemy, captured several thousand Poles, seized all the siege technology, artillery, column, carriage of the king. As a result, from 50—60 thousand Polish troops returned home only a dozen of personal guards of the king. In October 1685, fighting near the villages of Boyany — Raranche (Novoselytsya district) took place between the troops of the Polish crown hetman Jan Jablonowski (30000 soldiers) and the Turkish-Tatar-Moldovian coalition (about 140 thousand soldiers). The commander, who was pressed to the forested hills of Khotyn highland, had to look for ways to retreat by forest roads. Due to their small quantity and poor condition, carrying out rearguard battles, he managed to save the army from defeat. The author supposed 3 options for choosing a retreat path. Now is necessary to determine the actual road with additional research using a metal detector. In November 1691, near the village of Ropcha (Storozhynets district), after leaving Moldova, the army of Jan Sobieski, on the only one old transit route here, fell on a three-day snow storm. Non combat losses was more than 50 % soldiers, 100 % ammunition, artillery, many horses and carts. The reason is in a small number of dwellings near this road and in the absence of feed. In 1739, during the Russo-Turkish War, the Russian army under General von Münnich in the territory of the Khotyn Hill unexpectedly and illogically used the difficult path for maneuvering across forests between the villages Zhuchka and Raranche. As a result of the two subsequent battles, the Turkish Army was broken up. Thus, the historical geographic analysis on the principle of reflection gives the excellent opportunity to identify the nature and course of military events, exploring the network of ancient routes.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF JAUNDICE SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
T. I. Tamm ◽  
I. G. Zulfugarov ◽  
D.D. Ryabushenko
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gallbladder Wall ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree

Summary. Objective. To improve the results of treatment of patients with jaundice syndrome by improving the diagnosis quality of obstructive jaundice and improving methods of surgical treatment. Materials and methods. The results of diagnosis and treatment of 272 patients with benign jaundice syndrome admitted to the clinic on an urgent basis from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed. Differential diagnosis of the nature of jaundice and its cause was carried out according to ultrasound and ERCP. Results. Based on the revealed differences in the data of histostructures of the gallbladder wall in patients with acute cholecystitis, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis, we determined ultrasound criteria for the differential diagnosis of mechanical and parenchymal jaundice. Ultrasound made it possible in a short time to determine the obstructive or parenchymal nature of jaundice by the nature of changes in the liver and the wall of the gallbladder. (Patent № 134089 dated April 25, 2019).In cases of mechanical origin of jaundice, ultrasound data helped to establish its cause and determine the tactics of treatment. Conclusion. 1. Morphological changes in the wall of the gallbladder in patients with acute cholecystitis, hepatitis and liver cirrhosis are qualitatively different from each other. 2. The combination of changes in the liver and the wall of the gallbladder revealed by ultrasound examination makes it possible to differentiate parenchymal and obstructive jaundice with a high degree of reliability.

scholarly journals Empirical links between natural mortality and recovery in marine fishes

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1856) ◽  
pp. 20170693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Hutchings ◽  
Anna Kuparinen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Local Adaptations ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Threat Mitigation ◽  
Medium Time

Probability of species recovery is thought to be correlated with specific aspects of organismal life history, such as age at maturity and longevity, and how these affect rates of natural mortality ( M ) and maximum per capita population growth ( r max ). Despite strong theoretical underpinnings, these correlates have been based on predicted rather than realized population trajectories following threat mitigation. Here, we examine the level of empirical support for postulated links between a suite of life-history traits (related to maturity, age, size and growth) and recovery in marine fishes. Following threat mitigation (medium time since cessation of overfishing = 20 years), 71% of 55 temperate populations had fully recovered, the remainder exhibiting, on average, negligible change (impaired recovery). Singly, life-history traits did not influence recovery status. In combination, however, those that jointly reflect length-based mortality at maturity, M α , revealed that recovered populations have higher M α , which we hypothesize to reflect local adaptations associated with greater r max . But, within populations, the smaller sizes at maturity generated by overfishing are predicted to increase M α , slowing recovery and increasing its uncertainty. We conclude that recovery potential is greater for populations adapted to high M but that temporal increases in M concomitant with smaller size at maturity will have the opposite effect. The recovery metric documented here ( M α ) has a sound theoretical basis, is significantly correlated with direct estimates of M that directly reflect r max , is not reliant on data-intensive time series, can be readily estimated, and offers an empirically defensible correlate of recovery, given its clear links to the positive and impaired responses to threat mitigation that have been observed in fish populations over the past three decades.

Epitaxial Alignment of as Implanted Polysilicon Emitters

1987 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Hoyt ◽  
E.F. Crabbé ◽  
J.F. Gibbons ◽  
R.F.W. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ion Channeling ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Polysilicon Films ◽  
Oriented Polycrystalline ◽  
Polysilicon Emitters ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate a clear advantage for high-temperature, short time annealing to induce intentional, complete epitaxial alignment of arsenic implanted, 0.5 μm-thick polysilicon films on (100) silicon, while minimizing arsenic outdiffusion into the substrate. Using MeV ion channeling and cross-sectional electron microscopy, epitaxial alignment was studied in the 1050-1150 °C temperature range, for arsenic doping concentrations between 1 and 10 × 1020 cm−3. The alignment efficiency increases dramatically with chemical arsenic concentration in this range. An arsenic concentration of 1020 cm−3 yields alignment behavior which proceeds from the polysilicon/single-crystal interface. Between 1 and 5 × 1020 cm×3, the random grain growth can exceed the rate of alignment, and large grain, highly oriented polycrystalline films can result from the RTA. For 0.5 μm-thick polysilicon films with an average doping of 1021 cm×3, the rate of achievement of a high degree of epitaxial alignment exceeds the rate of arsenic penetration into the substrate at temperatures ≥ 1150 °C.Bipolar transistors with 0.5 μm-thick emitter contacts and polysilicon dopings of 5 and 10 × 1020 cm×3 show less variation in base current when subjected to RTA (T ≥ 1100 °C) compared to devices annealed in a furnace in the 900 to 1000 °C range, while retaining the advantage over metal contacts.

Empirical, spatially explicit natural mortality and movement rate estimates for the threatened Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi)

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1407-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill B. Rudd ◽  
Robert N.M. Ahrens ◽  
William E. Pine ◽  
Stephania K. Bolden
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Gulf Sturgeon ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Acipenser Oxyrinchus Desotoi ◽  
Riverine Habitats ◽  
Acipenser Oxyrinchus ◽  
Effective Conservation

Understanding mortality rates and movement patterns across a species’ distribution can provide key insight necessary for developing effective conservation, recovery, and management plans. We directly estimated site fidelity and natural mortality rates for the threatened Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) across a large portion of their range in the northern Gulf of Mexico using acoustic telemetry methods and a simulation-tested, multistate mark–recapture model. Our results suggest that fidelity rates to riverine habitats used during spring and summer are high, but natural mortality rates vary widely. Our results are highly relevant for managing this species. The high fidelity rates, coupled with supporting genetic analyses, suggest that management of individual riverine populations of Gulf sturgeon should be considered. The need for individual river-based management is exacerbated by the variation in natural mortality rates among rivers. The reasons for these differences in mortality are unclear, but are an important area of future research because higher mortality rates may impede recovery of some Gulf sturgeon populations to stated management targets.

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