Optimum sampling levels in discard sampling programs

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1918-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Borges ◽  
Alain F Zuur ◽  
Emer Rogan ◽  
Rick Officer
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
International Council ◽  
The Past ◽  
Optimum Sampling ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Trawl Fisheries

This paper presents optimum sampling levels in discard sampling programs considering cost and precision objectives simultaneously and explores their dependence on both variables. The analysis is based on the Irish discard program: an onboard-observer voluntary sampling scheme aimed at estimating discard rates in trawl fisheries. Multistage analysis was performed to establish the precision levels achieved in the past, and a cost function was determined to estimate the financial cost of the program. Gear, fishing ground, targeted species, and International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) divisions were the main factors affecting discarding, together with random effects of the three nested groups considered: haul, trip, and vessel. Reductions in the present budget will imply only marginal decreases in precision, although changes in cost variables can have an impact on sampling levels. On the other hand, increasing the target precision by one-half will imply a considerable increase in sampling and associated cost, which will be difficult if not impossible to achieve. Finally, the analysis by fleet components suggests a marked increase in sampling levels, which emphasizes the importance of clearly stated discard sampling objectives.

Information theory as a means of determining the main factors affecting the processors architecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Антон Андреевич Ракитский ◽  
Борис Яковлевич Рябко
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Further Development

В работе исследуется процесс разработки компьютеров за последние десятилетия с целью определения наиболее влияющих на него факторов. Описываются сами факторы, которые используются для предсказания направления будущих разработок. Для решения этой задачи применяется концепция Вычислительной Способности, которая позволяет оценить производительность компьютеров теоретически, опираясь исключительно на описание их архитектуры. In this article we are investigating the computers development process in the past decades in order to identify the factors that influence it the most. We describe such factors and use them to predict the direction of further development. To solve these problems, we use the concept of the Computer Capacity, which allows us to estimate the performance of computers theoretically, relying only on the description of its architecture.

scholarly journals Estrategias empresariales y propensión exportadora de la industria agroalimentaria catalana y española

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrez Ameur ◽  
José M. Gil
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Firm Age ◽  
Export Intensity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Managerial Strategies ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Main Factors

In an increasing globalized environment, the agrofood firms’ competitiveness becomes a strategic need for future survival. Recent changes both in agrofood markets and consumers’ habits have encouraged firms to adopt adequate managerial strategies. The objective of this paper is to determine main factors affecting the exporting behavior of the agro-food firms. Data come from the Survey on Firms Strategies (ESEE). To achieve this objective, a model has been specified and estimated taking into account the characteristics of the database. The personnel qualification, the existence of foreign capital, the existence of potential benefits in foreign market and the firm’ age are the main factors explaining the agrofood firm decision to export. On the other hand, variables denoting firm size and domestic market concentration and saturation are more important to explain export intensity.

Equity in bonus distribution

1947 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-65
Author(s):  
T. R. Suttie
Keyword(s):  
General Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past

In the paper which I submitted to the Institute on 28 April 1944 I discussed the most equitable method of treating appreciation or depreciation in the assets of an office distributing its surplus by means of a uniform reversionary bonus. I believe that the conclusions reached were correct within the limits set, but consideration of the discussion convinced me that these limits were too narrow, since they involved the treatment of the problem of appreciation or depreciation without reference to the other factors affecting equity in bonus distribution and excluded any solution based on the use of a system of distribution of profits other than a uniform reversionary bonus. I felt that the methods used in the paper might produce results of interest if applied to the general problem of securing equity when the conditions experienced differ from those assumed in calculating the premiums, and I was encouraged to proceed on these lines by the suggestion made by Mr H. E. Melville, speaking as Presidenti that the time was suitable for such an inquiry in view of the exceptionally wide fluctuations in the experience rates of interest over the past thirty years.

Schäden, die durch Imprägnierungsmittel verursacht werden - Ursachen und Gegenmassnahmen / Damage caused by Water Repellent Agents - Reasons and Counter-measures

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-322
Author(s):  
M. Sauder
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Short Time

Abstract In several discussions, but also on the sites, the following thesis can often be heard: "Hydrophobic agents cause damage on stone surfaces!" or "Water repellent properties vanish in a few years!" In spite of this we know that great efforts have been done in research and development of water repellent agents in the past 20 years. So we can choose today between a great amount of different products for nearly every type of application. A lot of damage still occurs. This paper describes the typical destructions from some examples out of 15 years of practical experience and gives an explanation for the origin of the damage. In almost every case there are 2 main factors responsible for the damage: Caused by the lack of essential preliminary examinations on the building, there is no sufficient knowledge about facts and dates concerning the building materials. On the other side application is an important factor, and there is only a very small progress to be seen during the past decades. Mistakes in application lead in a very short time to a great amount of damage - and this may be the main reason for the general "bad reputation" of water repellent agents. Last not least, the architects, civil engineers and the building owners carry a certain responsibility too, especially for the lack of information on these complex topics and the lack of control during application.

scholarly journals HONOLULU

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Møllegaard
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
Tourist Gaze ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Main Factors

In the grand narrative of Honolulu as the gateway to the Land of Aloha, Honolulu metaphorically negotiates a position that mediates the contrasts between a typical socio-economic, urban reality and touristic myths of pastoral excoticism. Drawing on the critical works of postcolonial scholar Edward Said in conjunction with theories on semiotics and tourism, the article posits that two main factors contribute to reinforce and repeat the (neo)-colonial paradigm’s persistence in the grand narrative on Hawaii – namely aloha and nostalgia. Aloha functions conceptually as a unifying, pacifying force amongst the local population, while it defines the tourist gaze on Hawaii as a welcoming and politically uncomplicated holiday destination. Nostalgia, on the other hand, is the ideological interpretation of the past based on utopian desires in the present. Conjoined, aloha and nostalgia favor the tourist gaze and continue the hegemonic processes that colonize the minds of tourists and locals alike.  

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Precision Agriculture Adoption: A Systematic Litterature Review

ECONOMICS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-121
Author(s):  
Taoufik Yatribi
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adoption Decision ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Main Factors

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present the main advances in the adoption of precision agriculture technologies. While we are witnessing the emergence of a literature dedicated to the adoption of new technologies, this theme still suffers from a lack of consensus on its conceptualization. Based on the prisma statement method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes), the objective is to carry out a review of the systemic literature in order to identify the main factors of adoption of the technologies of precision agriculture over the past ten years. The results show that individual factors are the most empirically identified as determining factors in the adoption of precision agriculture technologies. That said, the farmer is at the center of the adoption decision. Perceived utility is the factor most identified in the literature as the determinant of adoption.

scholarly journals Land and Stock Prices in Japan

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Stone ◽  
William T Ziemba
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dramatic Decline

This paper discusses the rise of Japanese stock and land prices in the past four decades and their dramatic decline in the early 1990s. To what extent can fundamental factors explain both the price levels and the returns from land and stock in Japan? Are land prices driving stock prices, or the other way around, or are still other factors affecting both? How has government policy interacted with the price changes? In practice, it is very difficult to solve the problem of separating the explanation that a bubble occurred from the possibility that the underlying fundamental problem is misspecified. We believe that the bulk of the rise in Japanese asset prices from 1985–89 and the decline during 1990–92 was driven by interest rate and credit market conditions. However, in certain speculative land markets, there is some evidence in support of the bubble hypothesis.

Study on the Functional Orientation of the Urban Complex

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Chao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Functional Orientation ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Urban Complex ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Accelerated the development of urbanization, on the one hand, it requires urban complex implementing its overall function to deal with urban problems; on the other hand, requires urban complex requirements urban complex with living services and production services internal functions of the organic integration. To solve this problem, through the city complex functional analysis this chapter summarizes the main factors affecting functional orientation, presents the basis for functional orientation, methods and procedures, that can provide a theoretical argument for the urban complex functional.

A Post-Occupancy Evaluation of the Outdoor Environment of the Tahiti Villas in Kunming District

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 977-981
Author(s):  
Hong Yu Chen ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Neng Zhao ◽  
Shu Guo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rational Expression ◽  
Post Occupancy Evaluation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Factors

The construction industry in China has undergone continuous development over the past decades. In relation to this, the quality of the outdoor environment in China has received increased research attention. This paper takes the Tahiti Villas located in Kunming District as a case study, using post-occupancy evaluation to identify and evaluate the main factors affecting the activities of the residents. The results indicate that humanistic design is mainly reflected in the concern for the user exhibited by the design. Thus, giving users primary importance can satisfy the design goals of rational expression.

Annual Report

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (102) ◽  
pp. 491-492 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Central Agency

Work carried out during the past year is described in the usual ICRC report.The 1968 Annual Report is divided as previously into two parts: practical, and general and permanent activities. The former deals with various countries and continents. Emphasis is laid on efforts made for victims in the Nigerian conflict and relief data showed their increasing extent. On the other hand, some of the specialist services, such as the Central Tracing Agency in Geneva, the International Tracing Service at Arolsen, the Medical Personnel and War Disablement Sections have continued to be particularly active. One has only to quote the Central Agency which in 1968 received 54,783 communications and sent out 54,227 items, a considerable increase in volume in comparison with the previous year.

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