Information theory as a means of determining the main factors affecting the processors architecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Антон Андреевич Ракитский ◽  
Борис Яковлевич Рябко
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Further Development

В работе исследуется процесс разработки компьютеров за последние десятилетия с целью определения наиболее влияющих на него факторов. Описываются сами факторы, которые используются для предсказания направления будущих разработок. Для решения этой задачи применяется концепция Вычислительной Способности, которая позволяет оценить производительность компьютеров теоретически, опираясь исключительно на описание их архитектуры. In this article we are investigating the computers development process in the past decades in order to identify the factors that influence it the most. We describe such factors and use them to predict the direction of further development. To solve these problems, we use the concept of the Computer Capacity, which allows us to estimate the performance of computers theoretically, relying only on the description of its architecture.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Precision Agriculture Adoption: A Systematic Litterature Review

ECONOMICS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-121
Author(s):  
Taoufik Yatribi
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adoption Decision ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Main Factors

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present the main advances in the adoption of precision agriculture technologies. While we are witnessing the emergence of a literature dedicated to the adoption of new technologies, this theme still suffers from a lack of consensus on its conceptualization. Based on the prisma statement method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes), the objective is to carry out a review of the systemic literature in order to identify the main factors of adoption of the technologies of precision agriculture over the past ten years. The results show that individual factors are the most empirically identified as determining factors in the adoption of precision agriculture technologies. That said, the farmer is at the center of the adoption decision. Perceived utility is the factor most identified in the literature as the determinant of adoption.

A Post-Occupancy Evaluation of the Outdoor Environment of the Tahiti Villas in Kunming District

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 977-981
Author(s):  
Hong Yu Chen ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Neng Zhao ◽  
Shu Guo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rational Expression ◽  
Post Occupancy Evaluation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Factors

The construction industry in China has undergone continuous development over the past decades. In relation to this, the quality of the outdoor environment in China has received increased research attention. This paper takes the Tahiti Villas located in Kunming District as a case study, using post-occupancy evaluation to identify and evaluate the main factors affecting the activities of the residents. The results indicate that humanistic design is mainly reflected in the concern for the user exhibited by the design. Thus, giving users primary importance can satisfy the design goals of rational expression.

scholarly journals Number dynamics of the moose, wolf, and bear in the Kemerovo region from the second half of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Николай Васильевич Скалон ◽  
Павел Георгиевич Степанов ◽  
Александр Юрьевич Просеков
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Dynamics ◽  
Main Factors

Представлен анализ динамики численности лося, медведя и волка на территории Кемеровской области (Кузбасса) за последние 70 лет. Максимальных значений численность лося достигала в 1976-1979 гг. (7000 особей), минимальных - в 1994 г. (1850 особей). В настоящее время количество лосей на территории Кемеровской области превысило 5,0 тыс. особей с тенденцией к повышению. Количество медведей в Кемеровской области на протяжении всего исследуемого периода непрерывно возрастает с 300-400 особей в начале 1960-х гг. до 3,0-3,1 тыс. в 2017-2019 гг. Волк на территории Кузбасса находится под жёстким антропогенным прессом. Максимальное количество волков в 400-450 голов отмечалось в 1994-1996 гг., в настоящее время этот хищник практически истреблён, периодически отмечаются заходы 2-7 зверей из сопредельных регионов в зимнее время. Проанализированы основные факторы, влияющие на численность лося: охота, хищничество волка и медведя, качество работы органов госохотнадзора. Показано, что в Кемеровской области количество лося, волка и медведя зависит, в первую очередь, от охотхозяйственной деятельности. Достоверная отрицательная корреляция лося с численностью медведя и волка выявляется только на отдельных временных отрезках, когда она налагается на отрицательное антропогенное воздействие. The analysis of the dynamics of the number of moose, bear, and wolf in the territory of the Kemerovo region (Kuzbass) over the past 70 years is presented. The maximum number of moose reached in 1976-1979 (7000 individuals), the minimum - in 1994 (1850 individuals). Currently, the number of moose in the Kemerovo Region has exceeded 5.0 thousand individuals with an upward trend. The number of bears in the Kemerovo region throughout the study period is continuously increasing from 300-400 individuals in the early 1960s up to 3.0-3.1 thousand in 2017-2019. The wolf on the territory of Kuzbass is under severe anthropogenic pressure. The maximum number of wolves of 400-450 animals was observed in 1994-1996. At present, this predator is almost exterminated. Only 2-7 animals from neighboring regions are periodically noticed in winter. The main factors affecting the moose abundance are analyzed: hunting, predation of a wolf and a bear, and the quality of work of State Hunting Surveillance bodies. The number of moose, wolf and bear in Kemerovo Region depends mainly on hunting activities. A reliable negative correlation of the moose with the number of bears and wolves is detected only in some intervals when it is imposed on a negative anthropogenic impact.

Optimum sampling levels in discard sampling programs

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1918-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Borges ◽  
Alain F Zuur ◽  
Emer Rogan ◽  
Rick Officer
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
International Council ◽  
The Past ◽  
Optimum Sampling ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Trawl Fisheries

This paper presents optimum sampling levels in discard sampling programs considering cost and precision objectives simultaneously and explores their dependence on both variables. The analysis is based on the Irish discard program: an onboard-observer voluntary sampling scheme aimed at estimating discard rates in trawl fisheries. Multistage analysis was performed to establish the precision levels achieved in the past, and a cost function was determined to estimate the financial cost of the program. Gear, fishing ground, targeted species, and International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) divisions were the main factors affecting discarding, together with random effects of the three nested groups considered: haul, trip, and vessel. Reductions in the present budget will imply only marginal decreases in precision, although changes in cost variables can have an impact on sampling levels. On the other hand, increasing the target precision by one-half will imply a considerable increase in sampling and associated cost, which will be difficult if not impossible to achieve. Finally, the analysis by fleet components suggests a marked increase in sampling levels, which emphasizes the importance of clearly stated discard sampling objectives.

Perceived Burden of Informal Caregivers of a Chronically Ill Older Family Member

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Gräßel ◽  
Raffaela Adabbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The burden of caregivers has been intensively researched for the past 30 years and has resulted in a multitude of individual findings. This review illustrates the significance of the hypothetical construct of perceived burden for the further development and design of the homecare situation. Following explanations regarding the term informal caregiver, we derive the construct burden from its conceptual association with the transactional stress model of Lazarus and Folkman. Once the extent and characteristics of burden have been set forth, we then present the impact of perceived burden as the care situation. The question of predictors of burden will lead into the last section from which implications can be derived for homecare and relief of caregivers.

Commonwealth of Independent States: The First 20 Years

2011 ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shumsky
Keyword(s):  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Further Development

The article assesses the effectiveness and outcomes of cooperation of the Commonwealth participating states over the past 20 years. It reviews perspectives and directions for further development of the CIS taking into account the conditions and characteristics of integration processes of the post-Soviet states, implementation of the principles of multilevel and multispeed integration of the Commonwealth participating states.

Recent Rapid Climate Changes in Antarctic and their Influence on Low Diversity Ecosystems

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Temperature Water

ABSTRACTThe geographic position, astronomic factors (e.g. the Earth’s maximum distance from the Sun during winter), ice cover and altitude are the main factors affecting the climate of the Antarctic, which is the coldest place on Earth. Parts of Antarctica are facing the most rapid rates of anthropogenic climate change currently seen on the planet. Climate changes are occurring throughout Antarctica, affecting three major groups of environmental variables of considerable biological significance: temperature, water, UV-B radiation.Low diversity ecosystems are expected to be more vulnerable to global changes than high diversity ecosystems

Weiterentwicklung der «Waldpolitik 2020» aus Sicht der Schweizer Waldstakeholder

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Zabel ◽  
Eva Lieberherr
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
Forest Act

Advancement of the Swiss Forest Policy 2020 from stakeholders' perspectives In light of the ending of the Swiss “ Forest Policy 2020”, this article assesses the goals, challenges and concerns of Swiss forest stakeholders in relation to forest policy post 2020. The data were collected through expert interviews and an online survey. The results show that securing an economically sustainable forest management and economically viable silvicultural businesses are key concerns for many stakeholders. Apart from these issues, several further and sometimes conflicting interests were mentioned. The study concludes that a debate on an adjustment of the weights given to goals in the Swiss Forest Policy 2020 may be commendable. However, there does not appear to be need for a complete change of course in order to address the stakeholders' needs and concerns. In terms of policy process, most stakeholders positively evaluated the past planning and development process of the Swiss Forest Policy 2020, but also provided suggestions for improvements. Finally, a network analysis revealed that the Swiss Federal Agency for the Environment, the Swiss Forest Owners Association and the Conference of Cantonal Foresters played a central role in the amendment of the Swiss Federal Forest Act. The analysis also showed that more stakeholders find each other as important than actually work together in a legislative process.

Recognition Pattern, Functional Mechanism and Application of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Sustainable Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (29) ◽  
pp. 3508-3521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Jia ◽  
Mijanur R. Rajib ◽  
Heng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Recognition Pattern ◽  
Functional Mechanism ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Further Development

Background: Application of chitin attracts much attention in the past decades as the second abundant polysaccharides in the world after cellulose. Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) and its deacetylated derivative chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) were shown great potentiality in agriculture by enhancing plant resistance to abiotic or biotic stresses, promoting plant growth and yield, improving fruits quality and storage, etc. Those applications have already served huge economic and social benefits for many years. However, the recognition mode and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS on plants have gradually revealed just in recent years. Objective: Recognition pattern and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS in plant together with application status of COS in agricultural production will be well described in this review. By which we wish to promote further development and application of CTOS and COS–related products in the field.

Pitting Corrosion of Biomedical Titanium and Titanium Alloys: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Cui ◽  
Liang-Yu Chen ◽  
Xin-Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract:: Thanks to their excellent corrosion resistance, superior mechanical properties and good biocompatibility, titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are extensively applied in biomedical fields. Pitting corrosion is a critical consideration for the reliability of Ti and Ti alloys used in the human body. Therefore, this article focuses on the pitting corrosion of Ti and Ti alloys, which introduces the growth stages of pitting corrosion and its main influencing factors. Three stages, i.e. (1) breakdown of passive film, (1) metastable pitting, and (3) propagation of pitting, are roughly divided to introduce the pitting corrosion. As reviewed, corrosive environment, applied potential, temperature and alloy compositions are the main factors affecting the pitting corrosion of Ti and Ti alloys. Moreover, the pitting corrosion of different types Ti alloys are also reviewed to correlate the types of Ti alloys and the main factors of pitting corrosion. Roughly speaking, β-type Ti alloys have the best pitting corrosion resistance among the three types of Ti alloys.

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