The Uptake and Detoxification of C14-labelled DDT in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Premdas ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Atlantic salmon underyearlings were exposed to 1 ppm DDT-C14 and the amounts of DDT adsorbed to external surfaces and absorbed internally determined separately on the basis of the C14 activity. Fish killed by the exposure contained on the average 5.87 ppm DDT of which almost two-thirds represented absorbed DDT. After only 5 minutes exposure appreciable quantities of DDT were found throughout the body. At all times, up to and including the time to death, high concentrations of DDT were found in the gills, liver, spleen, heart, kidneys, gonads, and swim bladder. Much smaller concentrations occurred in the stomach, intestines, brain and spinal cord. The muscles, bone, and integument contained the least. It was concluded that DDT entered mainly through the gills from whence it was transported throughout the body via bone circulatory system.Bioassays showed that on the average almost two-thirds of the absorbed DDT was non-toxic, or at least relatively so, to mosquito larvae. The adsorbed DDT showed little, if any, loss of toxicity.

scholarly journals Inferring marine distribution of Canadian and Irish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the North Atlantic from tissue concentrations of bio-accumulated caesium 137

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Spares ◽  
Jeffery M. Reader ◽  
Michael J. W. Stokesbury ◽  
Tom McDermott ◽  
Lubomir Zikovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractSpares, A.D., Reader, J.M., Stokesbury, M.J.W., McDermott, T., Zikovsky, L., Avery, T.S., and Dadswell, M.J. 2007. Inferring marine distribution of Canadian and Irish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the North Atlantic from tissue concentrations of bio-accumulated caesium 137. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 394–404. Atlantic salmon returning from marine migrations to eastern Canada and western Ireland during 2002 and 2003 were analysed for tissue concentrations of bio-accumulated caesium 137 (137Cs). Salmon from Canadian and Irish waters demonstrated concentrations (0.20 ± 0.14 Bq kg−1 and 0.19 ± 0.09 Bq kg−1, mean ± s.d., respectively) suggesting similar oceanic feeding distributions during migration. Canadian aquaculture escapees had a similar mean tissue concentration (0.28 ± 0.22 Bq kg−1), suggesting migration with wild salmon. However, significantly higher concentrations in 1-sea-winter (1SW) escapees (0.43 ± 0.25 Bq kg−1) may alternatively suggest feeding within local estuaries. High concentrations in some Canadian 1SW salmon indicated trans-Atlantic migration. Low concentrations of Canadian multi-sea-winter (MSW) salmon suggested a feeding distribution in the Labrador and Irminger Seas before homeward migration, because those regions have the lowest surface water 137Cs levels. Estimates of wild Canadian and Irish salmon feeding east of the Faroes (∼8°W) were 14.2% and 10.0% (1SW, 24.7% and 11.5%; MSW, 2.9% and 0.0%), respectively. We propose that most anadromous North Atlantic salmon utilize the North Atlantic Gyre for marine migration and should be classified as a single trans-Atlantic straddling stock.

Zinc Uptake by Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Exposed to a Lethal Concentration of Zinc at 3, 11, and 19 C

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2552-2556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Exposure

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) acclimated to 3, 11, and 19 C took up high concentrations of zinc in gill tissues during exposures to a nominal 14 mg/liter of zinc. The rate of zinc uptake, as shown by 65Zn tracer, increased from a minimum at 3 C to a maximum at 19 C. In fish killed by zinc exposure, zinc concentrations in gills were highest at 19 C and lowest at 3 and 11 C.

Sarcoma of the swim bladder of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Aquaculture ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Selection of Microhabitat in Summer by Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Morantz ◽  
R. K. Sweeney ◽  
C. S. Shirvell ◽  
D. A. Longard
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

This study was designed to define the microhabitats selected in summer by juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Curves were developed describing the preference of 880 young salmon for water velocity at the fish's position (nose velocity), mean water column velocity, total water depth, and stream substrate size. Study sites were chosen in six morphologically diverse streams in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick during 1982–84. Of the four variables measured, only nose velocity chosen by both fry and parr was not significantly different among years or rivers. Atlantic salmon fry (< 65 mm) most frequently selected nose velocities between 5 and 15 cm∙s−1, small parr (65–100 mm) between 5 and 25 cm∙s−1 and large parr (> 100 mm) between 5 and 35 cm∙s−1. Apparently, juvenile salmon utilized water depths and stream substrates which varied within tolerable limits according to their availability in conjunction with preferred water velocities. Significant differences in the body shape and size of the pectoral fin of Atlantic salmon parr in different rivers did not influence the selection of nose velocities within the range of flow conditions sampled.

Site specificity of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 (Monogenea) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the River Lakselva, northern Norway

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Johan Jensen ◽  
Bjørn Ove Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Site specificity of Gyrodactylus salaris on 853 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr infected with 1 – 10 625 parasites was studied in the River Lakselva in northern Norway. At low intensities (< 100), the dorsal fin was the principal site of attachment, followed by the pectoral and anal fins. However, the distribution of parasites on the fish, and their crowding, varied with infection intensity. When the intensity increased to more than 100, more parasites were located on the caudal fin, and when it exceeded 1000, the body of the fish was also heavily infected.

The influence of the zona radiata on the toxicity and uptake of cadmium in embryos of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2338-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Rombough ◽  
E. T. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Zona Radiata ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Eyed embryos of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were significantly more resistant to cadmium if the zona radiata (capsule) was removed (10-day LC50, 4.80 mg Cd/L) than if the zona radiata was intact (10-day LC50, 3.20 mg Cd/L). Differences in resistance times were attributed to slower absorption of cadmium by decapsulated embryos than by encapsulated embryos. The metal content of naked embryos increased slowly and in direct proportion to the length of exposure. The metal content of encapsulated embryos was proportional to the logarithm of the exposure period and rapidly approached an asymptotic maximum. As a consequence, the cadmium content of naked embryos after a 24-h exposure to 8 mg Cd/L was less than 3% of that of encapsulated embryos. An opaque precipitate formed around the head and anterior portion of the body of encapsulated embryos but not of naked embryos exposed to acutely lethal cadmium concentrations. This material was probably cadmium carbonate and may have facilitated metal absorption by effectively exposing the encapsulated embryos to cadmium concentrations considerably greater than those in the ambient environment.

Fecundity of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) from Two Maine Rivers

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Baum ◽  
A. L. Meister
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Estimates of numbers of eggs in 164 hatchery-spawned Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from two Maine rivers ranged from 3528 to 18,847, and egg number per pound of total body weight from 523 to 1385. Sample autopsies of 10 salmon revealed that artificial spawning removed an average of more than 97% of the eggs in the body cavity. There was no significant difference between von Bayer and displacement estimates of fecundity. Valid estimates of the potential egg deposition of Atlantic salmon runs in the two Maine rivers studied can be made using routinely collected trapping data and the regression formulae based on fish length resulting from this study. Salmon that spent 2 years at sea before spawning contained lower total numbers of eggs but appeared to have a higher rate of fecundity than older fish. Factors governing egg size could not be isolated. Loss in body weight during spawning is discussed.

The pathology of "saddleback" disease of underyearling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1283-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Cone ◽  
J. D. Miller ◽  
W. K. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Epaxial Muscles

This study describes the pathology of "saddleback" disease of underyearling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cultured at the Mactaquac Fish Hatchery near Fredericton, New Brunswick. A gram-negative, flexible, bacterium had a constant association with the characteristic lesion. It is thought that the bacteria enter the dorsal fin and then spread into the surrounding dermis by moving through the connective tissue and collagen layers. This causes sloughing of the overlying epidermis and some scales, and results in a symmetrical band of discoloration on the flanks of the body on either side of the dorsal fin. Invasion of the underlying epimysium and perimysium leads the bacteria deep into the dorsal fin levators and the epaxial muscles on either side of the dorsal fin. Evidence suggests the bacteria can enter muscle cells and destroy the cell from within. The bacterium was not found in any other tissue.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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