Fecundity of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) from Two Maine Rivers

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Baum ◽  
A. L. Meister
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Estimates of numbers of eggs in 164 hatchery-spawned Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from two Maine rivers ranged from 3528 to 18,847, and egg number per pound of total body weight from 523 to 1385. Sample autopsies of 10 salmon revealed that artificial spawning removed an average of more than 97% of the eggs in the body cavity. There was no significant difference between von Bayer and displacement estimates of fecundity. Valid estimates of the potential egg deposition of Atlantic salmon runs in the two Maine rivers studied can be made using routinely collected trapping data and the regression formulae based on fish length resulting from this study. Salmon that spent 2 years at sea before spawning contained lower total numbers of eggs but appeared to have a higher rate of fecundity than older fish. Factors governing egg size could not be isolated. Loss in body weight during spawning is discussed.

Metabolism of Single and Combined Doses of 14C-Aldrin and 3H-p,p′-DDT by Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fry

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 2073-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Addison ◽  
M. E. Zinck ◽  
J. R. Leahy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Exponential Rate ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Total Body

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry were injected intramuscularly with 3H-p,p′-DDT and 14C-aldrin either alone or as a mixture at concentrations similar to those found in "naturally" contaminated fish; their rates of metabolism and clearance were then compared 3H-p,p′-DDT was cleared slowly from the fish: approximately 60% of the injected material remained 8 wk after injection. 14C-aldrin was cleared much more rapidly, only 55% of the injected material remaining in the fish 1 day after injection and less than 10% remaining at the end of the experiment 3H-p,p′-DDT was dehydrochlorinated to p,p′-DDE; assuming an exponential rate of conversion, its half-life was 60 days. In contrast, 50% of the aldrin residues in the fish were epoxidized to dieldrin within 2 days. No interactions between the insecticides were observed although aldrin apparently induced a slight increase in the fraction of total body weight accounted for by liver.

scholarly journals Lean body weight versus total body weight to calculate the iodinated contrast media volume in abdominal CT: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Zanardo ◽  
Fabio Martino Doniselli ◽  
Anastassia Esseridou ◽  
Massimiliano Agrò ◽  
Nicol Antonina Rita Panarisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Objectives Iodinated contrast media (ICM) could be more appropriately dosed on patient lean body weight (LBW) than on total body weight (TBW). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, trial registration NCT03384979, patients aged ≥ 18 years scheduled for multiphasic abdominal CT were randomised for ICM dose to LBW group (0.63 gI/kg of LBW) or TBW group (0.44 gI/kg of TBW). Abdominal 64-row CT was performed using 120 kVp, 100–200 mAs, rotation time 0.5 s, pitch 1, Iopamidol (370 mgI/mL), and flow rate 3 mL/s. Levene, Mann–Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used. The primary endpoint was liver contrast enhancement (LCE). Results Of 335 enrolled patients, 17 were screening failures; 44 dropped out after randomisation; 274 patients were analysed (133 LBW group, 141 TBW group). The median age of LBW group (66 years) was slightly lower than that of TBW group (70 years). Although the median ICM-injected volume was comparable between groups, its variability was larger in the former (interquartile range 27 mL versus 21 mL, p = 0.01). The same was for unenhanced liver density (IQR 10 versus 7 HU) (p = 0.02). Median LCE was 40 (35–46) HU in the LBW group and 40 (35–44) HU in the TBW group, without significant difference for median (p = 0.41) and variability (p = 0.23). Suboptimal LCE (< 40 HU) was found in 64/133 (48%) patients in the LBW group and 69/141 (49%) in the TBW group, but no examination needed repeating. Conclusions The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.

scholarly journals Genetic heterogeneity of within-family variance of body weight in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K Sonesson ◽  
Jørgen Ødegård ◽  
Lars Rönnegård
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

scholarly journals Comparison of the Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Profiles of Big Eye Tuna (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Bighead Carp (Aristichthysnobilis) Heads

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Ningping Tao ◽  
Yueliang Zhao ◽  
Xichang Wang ◽  
Mingfu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Thunnus Obesus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Latent Structures

Big eye tuna (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) are three representative marine and fresh water fishes. In this study, the content of total lipids (TL), triglyceride (TG) fraction, and the fatty acid profiles in the corresponding fish heads were analyzed. Meanwhile, their complicated TG molecular species were further characterized. The results showed that TG was the major lipid in these three fish heads (60.58–86.69%). Compared with other two fish heads, big eye tuna head was the most abundant in polyunsaturated fatty acids, among which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accounted for 64.29% and 32.77% in the TL and TG fraction, respectively. It is also worth noting that EPA+DHA/total fatty acid (TFA) value of TL and TG fraction from bighead carp head showed no significant difference with Atlantic salmon head, a typical marine fish. There were 146 TG molecules detected in big eye tuna head, 90 in Atlantic salmon and 87 in bighead carp heads. DHA or EPA accounted for 56.12%, 22.88%, and 5.46% of the total TG molecules in these three fish heads, respectively. According to principal component analysis, orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis and the constructed heat map, the three samples could be completely differentiated based on their TG molecule fingerprints. This study is the first to compare marine and fresh water fish from the perspective of their heads’ fatty acid and TG molecule profiles.

scholarly journals Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure following Gastric Bypass Surgery: Impact on Total Body Weight.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathimath Naseer ◽  
Ruth Price ◽  
Adele McElroy ◽  
Carel Le Roux ◽  
Tamsyn Redpath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Ree Group

AbstractBariatric surgery, including Gastric Bypass (GBP) Surgery, is the most efficient modality to manage severe obesity. Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) is an area of interest in the context of weight loss (WL) as it has been postulated to be an independent predictor of WL success following GBP. As such, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of REE on WL following GBP. 31 GBP patients (77.4% females BMI 45.5 ± 7.0kg/m2 ; 47.3 ± 11.6y) and 32 weight-stable controls (46.9% females; BMI 27.0 ± 4.6kg/m2 ; 41.1 ± 13.5y) were assessed at one-month pre-surgery and at 3 and 12-months post-surgery. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare). REE was measured under standardised conditions using indirect calorimetry (ECAL, Metabolic Health Solutions). Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS v24.0, Armonk, NY. Multiple regression analysis showed that FM (P = 0.001), FFM (P < 0.0001) and gender (P = 0.012) significantly predicted the interindividual variability in REE. Total body weight (TBW) was removed from the model due to collinearity. Adjusted-REE values were then generated using the above predictor variables. Low-REE and high-REE groups were created using within-group adjusted-REE split. At both follow-ups (3- and 12-months post-surgery), patients had a greater reduction in TBW, FM, FFM, measured-REE and adjusted-REE values compared with controls (P < 0.0001). There was also no significant difference between measured and adjusted-REE values at all time-points (P > 0.05). Patients with high REEs at baseline lost more TBW than those in the low-REE group at 3-months post-surgery (-24.9 ± 6.5 kg vs. -16.6 ± 7.0 kg; P = 0.005) and 12-months post-surgery (-41.3 ± 12.5 kg vs. -25.8 ± 10.4.0 kg; P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in mean TBW changes for controls in the low-and high-REE groups at both follow-ups. Patients with high REEs at 3-months post-surgery did not lose more TBW than those in the low-REE group at 12-months post-surgery (-30.1 ± 12.8 kg vs. -38.6 ± 14.4 kg; P = 0.155). Similarly, there was no difference in mean TBW reduction between controls in the low- and high-REE groups (P = 0.115). Thus while patients with a high adjusted-REE value at baseline (> 9746.6kJ/day) lost more weight at 3- and 12-months post-GBP, it is plausible that from the third to the 12th month post-surgery, other key drivers of weight loss, particularly the reduction in energy intake are more important in predicting WL. Further research with a larger sample size is required to increase the chances of detecting a true effect.

Influence of fluoride on aluminum toxicity to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2432-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Hamilton ◽  
Terry A. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Aluminum Exposure ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Lamellae

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) alevins were exposed to various aluminum (0–4700 μg/L) and four fluoride (0–500 μg/L) concentrations at two pH values (5.5 and 6.5) for 4- and 30-d periods. In the 4-d tests, aluminum with fluoride was less toxic at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.5, whereas without fluoride, pH had no effect. In the 30-d test, mortality in all treatments was 17–21% at pH 5.5, but only 3–7% at pH 6.5. Fish length and weight after 30 d were reduced in all fluoride–aluminum treatments at pH 5.5, but only in the 200-μg/L aluminum without fluoride treatment at pH 6.5. At pH 5.5 and 6.5 without aluminum, histomorphological examinations revealed no abnormalities in gill tissue. However, in aluminum exposure with no fluoride, gill filaments and secondary lamellae were swollen and thickened. Addition of fluoride at pH 6.5 alleviated some gill damage. At pH 5.5 and 200 μg/L aluminum, addition of 100 μg/L fluoride reduced swelling of gill lamellae, but 200 μg/L fluoride did not reduce swelling. Low fluoride concentrations (< 100 μg/L) may reduce gill morphological damage in fish exposed to aluminum in acidic waters, whereas high fluoride concentrations (> 100 μg/L) may not reduce aluminum-induced effects.

Annual variation in size-selective mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Good ◽  
J J Dodson ◽  
M G Meekan ◽  
D AJ Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Selective Mortality ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

We investigated the size-selective mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry during two consecutive summers that differed markedly in weather conditions. We sampled fry shortly after emergence in June and at the end of August to compare the distributions of back-calculated body size at hatching by examining otolith microstructure. Size-selective mortality was observed in both summers; however, the direction and strength of mortality differed. During the drought conditions of 1995, selective mortality was relatively weak and directed towards the smaller fry in the population. During the flood conditions of 1996, selective mortality was relatively strong and directed towards the larger fry of the same population. Interannual variability in size-selective mortality contributed to significant differences in the mean size of fry at the end of their first summer of life. Size-selective mortality rates estimated from the shifts in fish length at hatching observed during the first summer of life were comparable with published estimates of total mortality of Atlantic salmon fry, indicating that early mortality may be largely size selective. Mortality associated with hydroclimatic events can select against either small or large fish and is a key determinant of mean size attained by the end of the first summer of life.

Effects of Jaw Tagging on Growth and Scale Characteristics of Landlocked Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall Warner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scale Characteristics

Recapture of 165 annual and biennial spawners of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from 1239 fish tagged on the spawning grounds from 1953 to 1955 at the Fish River Lakes, Maine, showed that jaw-tagged females grew significantly slower than untagged female of identical ages and cycles. For most maturing male salmon, growth increments were not significantly reduced by jaw tagging. A tendency for decreased growth increments with increase in age was apparent for both tagged and untagged fish.Recognizable annuli were formed on the scales of 77–100% of 97 male salmon and of 74–97% of 187 female salmon between tagging and recapture. A significantly smaller percentage of females (74%) than males (100%) at large 1 year and recaptured on the spawning grounds had formed a recognizable annulus, but there was no significant difference between females (86%) and males (91%) recaptured by anglers. The significantly lower annulus recognition for annual female spawners was attributed to their demonstrated slower growth rate and possibly resorption of minimal marginal scale growth.Spawning checks were recognizable on the scales of 69–100% of 97 males and 49–78% of 187 females recaptured. Male salmon recaptured on the spawning grounds formed a significantly higher percentage of recognizable spawning checks than females (both annual and biennial spawners), but there were no significant differences between sexes for angler-recaptured fish. Lower reliability in spawning check recognition for females was attributed to less severe marginal resorption resulting in no spawning check being formed or obliteration of previous spawning checks by resorption of the small amount of marginal scale increment made by some annually spawning females, or both.

Genetic correlations between disease resistance, vaccine-induced side effects and harvest body weight in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Aquaculture ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 324-325 ◽  
pp. 312-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tale Marie Karlsson Drangsholt ◽  
Bjarne Gjerde ◽  
Jørgen Ødegård ◽  
Frode Finne-Fridell ◽  
Øystein Evensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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