Some Blood Chemistry Values for the Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1162-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Wedemeyer ◽  
K. Chatterton
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Normal Ranges

Normal distribution curves were graphically fitted to approximately 1400 clinical test values obtained from the plasma or kidney tissue of more than 200 yearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Estimated normal ranges were ascorbate, 102–214 μg/g; blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 0.9–4.5 mg/100 ml; chloride, 84–132 mEq/liter; cholesterol, 161–365 mg/100 ml; cortisol, 1.5–18.5 μg/100 ml; glucose, 41–151 mg/100 ml; and total protein, 2–6 g/100 ml.

Normal Ranges for Diagnostically Important Hematological and Blood Chemistry Characteristics of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Roscoe Miller III ◽  
Albert C. Hendricks ◽  
John Cairns Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Tolerance Interval ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Nonparametric Techniques

Wytheville strain rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were used in an 11-mo study designed to establish normal ranges for several hematological and blood chemistry characteristics. Two nonparametric techniques, percentile estimation and tolerance interval, were used and produced comparable ranges to those based on the Gaussian distribution. Serum glucose levels appeared to coincide with the condition of the gonads; low glucose levels corresponded with approximate spawning times at the hatchery. Total serum protein and gonadal condition were similarly related. High variability of the serum enzymes LDH and SGOT was partially explained by a positive linear relationship between enzyme activity and acclimation temperatures. In addition to physiological significance, determination of normal ranges for rainbow trout has promise in diagnosis of pathological, disease, and toxicant-induced stresses.

Endrin Toxicosis in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake F. Grant ◽  
Paul M. Mehrle
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
High Doses

In mature rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) receiving sublethal doses of endrin (4.3–145 × μg/kg body wt/day in 0.215–7.25 mg/kg of food) for 163 days and then forced to swim for 1 hr, the insecticide affected serum electrolytes, osmolality, total protein, cholesterol, cortisol, lactate, glucose, liver glycogen, and growth. Forced swimming alone altered 9 of 16 serum parameters examined. Apparent increases in serum Na and Cl and significant increases in osmolality and liver glycogen were directly related to dosage. A biphasic distribution of phosphate, total protein, and cholesterol with dosage was apparent. Glucose was increased about 50% by 145 μg/kg but was unaffected by lower doses. Variance analysis of zone electrophoretic patterns disclosed an in teraction between serum protein distribution and dose. Mobilization of liver glycogen was apparently inhibited by low doses and almost totally blocked by high doses. Correspondingly, trout given 14.5 μg/kg or more had lowered serum cortisol levels whereas the lowest dose elevated cortisol. Growth was inhibited appreciably by 145 μg/kg but not by lower doses. Visceral fat accumulated 4.8–8.7 μg endrin/g tissue in the 43 and 145 μg/kg exposures. We conclude that endrin caused dysfunction of physiologic processes critical to survival.

Long-Term Sublethal Acid Exposure in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in Soft Water: Effects on Ion Exchanges and Blood Chemistry

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1387-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Audet ◽  
R. Stephen Munger ◽  
Chris M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Acid Exposure ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Water Effects ◽  
Net Flux

Long-term sublethal acid exposure (3 mo, pH 4.8) in adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) acclimated to artificial soft water (Ca2+ = 50, Na+ = 50, Cl− = 100 μeq∙L−1) caused transient net fosses of Na+ and Cl−. Net flux rates of both ions were returned to control levels after 30–52 d of acid exposure through a new equilibrium between unidirectional influx and efflux, where both were lower than control rates. K+ balance remained negative and Ca2+ balance at zero throughout the exposure. No changes in net acidic equivalent flux occurred, indicating the absence of acid–base disturbance, but ammonia excretion increased over time. Muscle K+, Na+, and Cl− fell and Ca2+ increased. Plasma Na+, Cl−, and osmolality decreased, while plasma protein, glucose, and blood hemoglobin increased during the first few weeks of acid exposure. Plasma K+ and Ca2+ did not change. General stabilization of plasma parameters occurred in concert with the stabilization of Na+ and Cl− flux rates, but no recovery to control levels was observed for any of them. We conclude that despite this stabilization at a new steady state, rainbow trout were physiologically affected in a deleterious manner by chronic sublethal acid exposure in soft water.

Statistical Methods for Estimating Normal Blood Chemistry Ranges and Variance in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri), Shasta Strain

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Wedemeyer ◽  
Nancy C. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Tolerance Interval ◽  
Interval Method ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Estimate Procedure ◽  
Blood Variables

Gaussian and nonparametric (percentile estimate and tolerance interval) statistical methods were used to estimate normal ranges for blood chemistry (bicarbonate, bilirubin, calcium, hematocrit, hemoglobin, magnesium, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, osmolality, inorganic phosphorus, and pH for juvenile rainbow (Salmo gairdneri, Shasta strain) trout held under defined environmental conditions. The percentile estimate and Gaussian methods gave similar normal ranges, whereas the tolerance interval method gave consistently wider ranges for all blood variables except hemoglobin. If the underlying frequency distribution is unknown, the percentile estimate procedure would be the method of choice.

scholarly journals Effects of a cationic detergent on the gills and blood chemistry of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Byrne ◽  
D Speare ◽  
HW Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Cationic Detergent

scholarly journals Assessment of ranges plasma indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared under conditions of intensive aquaculture

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Kopp ◽  
Jan Mareš ◽  
Štěpán Lang ◽  
Tomáš Brabec ◽  
Andrea Ziková
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Normal Ranges

Plasma parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from three various trout farms in the Czech Republic were assessed using automated blood plasma analyser. Non-haemolysed serum from the heart of 48 healthy, randomly selected fish (standard length, mean ± SD = 247.3 ± 24.2 mm; body mass, mean ± SD = 262.18 ± 87.28 g) was analysed for the following plasma parameters: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, total protein, cholinesterase, amylase, glucose, lactate, albumin, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipase, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Na, K and Cl. All data were analysed statistically such as normality assessment by means of Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and adequate statistical testing using various parametric and non-parametric tests for each variable. With regard to data distribution, 19 indices out of 23 (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, amylase, glucose, lactate, albumin, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Na, K and Cl) were normally distributed. The indices were affected by handling time and, accordingly to the physical and chemical properties of water. Estimates obtained were compared with previously reported ranges. The blood automated analyser proved to be a valuable and reliable instrument for the estimation of plasma parameters determining normal ranges in rainbow trout.

scholarly journals Ehrlichiosis pada kucing yang mengalami anemia dan indikasi gagal ginjal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
Kurnia Kurnia ◽  
Dito Anggoro ◽  
Setyo Budhi ◽  
Dwi Priyowidodo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

Kucing persia diperiksa sebanyak 2 ekor diperiksa tanggal 23 April 2019 dan 29 April 2019 dengan gejala lesu, mukosa pucat, tidak mau makan sejak 3-5 hari, dehidrasi dan mengalami penurunan berat badan dalam satu bulan terakhir. Kucing tersebut berasal dari pemilik berbeda yang memungkin pernah kontak dengan anjing. Pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan kedua kucing mengalami anemia, lethargi dan abnormalitas ukuran ginjal yang membengkak pada kucing I dan atropi pada kucing II. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium kedua kucing mengalami anemia, SGPT/ALT turun, albumin normal, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) dan creatinin keduanya meningkat. Kucing I mengalami trombositopenia, leukositosis dengan neutrofilia dan protein plasma normal. Kucing II menunjukkan trombosit normal, neutrofilia dan total protein yang meningkat. Pemeriksaan preparat apus darah ditemukan inklusi intrasitoplasmik dalam neutrofil dari kedua kucing yang mengarah pada morula Ehrlichia sp. Diagnosa kedua kucing mengarah pada dugaan Ehrlichiosis. Penanganan anemia dan dehidrasi diberikan infus NaCl 0,9% intravena, injeksi Meylon dan Hematodin. Kondisi kedua kucing terus menurun, kucing I mati setelah 2 hari terapi dan kucing II mati setelah 5 hari terapi.

Cardiac growth in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2368-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell ◽  
A. M. Hammons ◽  
M. S. Graham ◽  
G. F. Tibbits
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Cardiac Growth ◽  
Ventricular Mass

Relative ventricular mass, percent compact myocardium, total protein, DNA content, and myocyte size were determined for rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, ranging in size from 10 to 2000 g. Ventricular mass, ventricular total protein, and DNA content increased linearly with body size. The DNA to protein ratio was reduced slightly over a 100-fold range of body size. Myocyte size increased with heart size. However, the estimated 1.7-fold increase in myocyte volume for a 10-fold increase in heart weight was incompatible with a corresponding 10-fold increase in total protein. Since DNA content increased 10-fold it is suggested that long-term cardiac growth in rainbow trout involves both hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

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