Upper Lethal Temperatures in Relation to Osmotic Stress in the Ribbed Mussel Modiolus demissus

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Waugh ◽  
E. T. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Test Medium ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Ribbed Mussels ◽  
Osmotic Acclimation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ambient Salinity ◽  
Ribbed Mussel

Upper lethal temperatures for the ribbed mussel Modiolus demissus (Dillwyn) were determined for thermal acclimations of 15.0, 20.0, and 25.0 C and osmotic acclimations at 5, 15, and 28‰ S, which yielded nine combinations. These upper lethal temperatures for 1440 min exposure ranged from 38.42 to 40.18 C, generally paralleling increases in thermal acclimation. The upper lethal temperature within any thermal acclimation decreased as the salinity of the bioassay departed from the appropriate level of osmotic acclimation. Depression of the upper lethal temperature was more pronounced in the test medium of 5‰ S. The shift from osmoconformity to osmoregulation, which occurs in this species when the ambient salinity is reduced to 350 mosmols (approximately 10‰ S) apparently extends the metabolic load or stress relative to that induced by similar temperatures in higher levels of salinity. Order of death in any bioassay was independent of size expressed as length, and specific sex.The upper lethal temperatures are higher than the mean temperature of the substrate of the collecting site during the warmest period of the summer, but are approximately the same as the maximum substrate temperature during that period. Survival of ribbed mussels in such potentially lethal conditions is explained by the shorter intermittent natural exposures than those employed in the bioassays.

Upper lethal temperatures of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.), in relation to thermal and osmotic acclimation, ambient salinity, and size

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1405-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Jordan ◽  
E. T. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks ◽  
Osmotic Acclimation ◽  
Ambient Salinity

Samples of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.), collected in seawater at Halifax, Nova Scotia, were acclimated to six combinations of conditions at 10 and 20C and in 0, 12, and 30‰ salinity (S). Bioassays of 10 000 min were performed at various constant temperatures from 20 to 30C in the diallel combinations of acclimation and salinities of 0, 12, and 30‰. Highest upper lethal temperatures, corresponding to combinations of acclimation, occurred in isosmotic test salinity of 12‰. Upper lethal temperatures ranged in all tests from 28.76 to 21.63C. A 10-degree increase in thermal acclimation resulted in increases in upper lethal temperature ranging from −0.27 to 0.77 degrees in tests conducted at 12‰ S and increases ranging variously from 1.45 to 3.56 degrees in tests conducted at 0 and 30‰ S. Upper lethal temperatures were shifted significantly by the ambient salinity but not by salinity of acclimation. Within the range of total lengths, 30–80 mm, there were no significant differences in mean lengths of dead and surviving fish in relation to acclimation temperatures and test salinities. There was no rank-correlation between order of death and total length in 15 of 18 test combinations.

Influence of osmotic stress on upper lethal temperatures in the cyprinodontid fish Fundulus heteroclitus (L.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Garside ◽  
Z. K. Chin-Yuen-Kee
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures

Upper lethal temperatures determined for the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (L.) for exposures of 10 000 min ranged from 18.58C to 36.31C. Osmotic acclimations were prepared at 0, 14, and 32‰ salinity (S), at thermal acclimations of 5 and 15C, and at 14 and 32‰ S at 25C. Mummichog could not survive in the acclimatory combination of 0‰ S at 25C. Subsamples from these acclimatory combinations were exposed to thermal stress at 0, 14, and 32‰ S. Highest upper lethal temperatures were observed in isosmotic test salinity (14‰). Intermediate lethal levels occurred in seawater (32‰ S) and the lowest lethal temperatures occurred in fresh water (0‰ S). Upper lethal temperature increased with increasing thermal acclimation but generally, prior osmotic experience did not modify thermal tolerance. There was no relation between order of death and size in 18 of the 24 test combinations. In the remaining six, the largest members died first in four and the smallest died first in two test combinations.

Upper lethal temperatures of the pelecypod Modiolus demissus in relation to declining environmental temperatures

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Acclimatization ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Accurate Reflection ◽  
Ribbed Mussel

Determinations of 24-h upper lethal temperatures of the ribbed mussel Modiolus demissus (Dillwyn) in relation to declining autumn and winter habitat temperatures show effective thermal acclimatization. Upper lethal temperatures ranged from 39.48 ± 0.33C to 37.67 ± 0.08C and the descending range of mean monthly environmental temperature was from 25C to −1.1C. Environmental and test salinity ranged from 28 to 30‰.The regression of lethal temperature on acclimatization temperature is significant when a direct correlation (concomitant) is made between ambient temperature and lethal temperature. Thus, current ambient temperature is an accurate reflection of acclimatization in this species.

MORTALITY OF WINTER EGGS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE PANONYCHUS ULMI (KOCH), AT LOW TEMPERATURES, AND ITS ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. MacPhee
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Recessive Resistance ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
The Mean

Winter eggs of the phytophagous mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) from Nova Scotia were killed by higher temperatures than were eggs from colder areas in New Brunswick and Quebec. For short exposures the mean lethal temperatures were respectively −24° F and −35° F. In the lethal temperature range the mortality of both forms increased about 10% for each doubling of the exposure period in the range from 15 minutes to 16 hours. Reciprocal crosses of the two forms indicated that the factor for resistance to cold in P. ulmi is recessive. Resistance was increased in the laboratory by selection. A method of estimating the winter mortality from weather records is outlined.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 Gene Is Involved in Anisotropic Root Growth during Osmotic Stress Adaptation

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
María Belén Cuadrado-Pedetti ◽  
Inés Rauschert ◽  
María Martha Sainz ◽  
Vítor Amorim-Silva ◽  
Miguel Angel Botella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean

Mutations in the Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 (TTL1) gene cause reduced tolerance to osmotic stress evidenced by an arrest in root growth and root swelling, which makes it an interesting model to explore how root growth is controlled under stress conditions. We found that osmotic stress reduced the growth rate of the primary root by inhibiting the cell elongation in the elongation zone followed by a reduction in the number of cortical cells in the proximal meristem. We then studied the stiffness of epidermal cell walls in the root elongation zone of ttl1 mutants under osmotic stress using atomic force microscopy. In plants grown in control conditions, the mean apparent elastic modulus was 448% higher for live Col-0 cell walls than for ttl1 (88.1 ± 2.8 vs. 16.08 ± 6.9 kPa). Seven days of osmotic stress caused an increase in the stiffness in the cell wall of the cells from the elongation zone of 87% and 84% for Col-0 and ttl1, respectively. These findings suggest that TTL1 may play a role controlling cell expansion orientation during root growth, necessary for osmotic stress adaptation.

SOME LETHAL TEMPERATURE RELATIONS OF TWO MINNOWS OF THE GENUS CHROSOMUS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert V. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shock ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Equal Temperature

The resistance and tolerance of Chrosomus eos and Chrosomus neogaeus to high temperatures were examined. Tests were conducted with C. neogaeus in winter and with C. eos in winter and summer. For both species, death at high temperatures could be separated into three lethal patterns or "effects". The first effect seemed to be associated, at least in part, with thermal shock. Factors generating the other effects were not apparent.Both species showed about the same degree of tolerance and resistance to high temperatures when they were acclimated to 15 °C or higher. At 9 °C, C. eos was less tolerant to high lethal temperatures than was C. neogaeus.When equal temperature acclimations were compared, C. eos was more resistant to high lethal temperatures in summer than in winter.

Temperature Tolerance of Bloater (Coregonus hoyi)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2047-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Edsall ◽  
Donald V. Rottiers ◽  
Edward H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Coregonus Hoyi

Juvenile and young adult bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) were tested for tolerance to high temperatures. The ultimate upper lethal temperature of juvenile bloaters (26.75 C) appeared to be slightly higher than that of young adult bloaters, but was similar to that of juvenile ciscoes, Coregonus artedii (26.0 C), the only other North American coregonine for which a detailed description of temperature tolerance has been published.Regression equations are given that permit estimation of the thermal tolerance when the lethal temperatures are incompletely known. The estimated thermal tolerance of juvenile bloaters (617 units) was slightly less than that of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis; 625 units), but was higher than that of other Salmonidae.

Effects of Temperature, Salinity and Oxygen on the Survival of the American Lobster

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. McLeese
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Salinity Acclimation ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Levels

Thermal acclimation for lobsters transferred from 14.5 °C. to 23.0 °C. is complete in 22 days. Substantial acclimation to low salinity and to low oxygen occurs within one week. Lethal levels of these three factors are not altered by differences in size within the range 16–34 cm., by difference in the areas where lobsters were caught, or by starvation for up to 57 days. Moulting lobsters are less resistant to high temperature, low salinity and low oxygen conditions than hard-shelled lobsters.Upper lethal temperature levels and lower lethal salinity and oxygen levels were investigated for hard-shelled lobsters acclimated to each of the 27 combinations of three levels of temperature (5, 15 and 25 °C.), salinity (20, 25 and 30‰), and oxygen (2.9, 4.3 and 6.4 mg./l.). The upper lethal temperature is raised by an increase in thermal acclimation, and is lowered by a decrease in the salinity and oxygen acclimation levels. The lower lethal salinity is raised by an increase in the level of thermal acclimation and a decrease in the level of oxygen acclimation. It is lowered by acclimation to reduced salinity. The effect of salinity acclimation is not always the same, but depends on the temperature acclimation. The lower lethal oxygen is raised by either an increase in the temperature acclimation level of a decrease in the salinity acclimation.The lower lethal temperature is 1.8 °C. for 17° acclimated lobsters, and 5.0° for 27.5° acclimated lobsters.Ultimate and maximum or minimum lethal levels of temperature, salinity and oxygen—the highest and lowest lethal levels that can be attained by acclimation—were interpolated from the results. These measures were used to integrate the lethal levels of the three factors into a single three-dimensional graph which describes the boundary of lethal conditions for lobsters exposed to the three factors operating together (Fig. 7).

scholarly journals ABSCISIC ACID AND WATER RELATIONS MODELS OF SEED GERMINATION.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1093e-1093
Author(s):  
Bing-Rui Ni ◽  
Kent J. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Courses

Cell growth models were applied to characterize the response of seed germination, based upon the timing of radicle emergence, to y and ABA. Using probit analysis, three basic parameters can be derived to describe the population characteristics of seed lots. In the response of seed germination to osmotic stress, these three parameters are the “hydrotime constant” (q H), the mean base water potential (y b), and the standard deviation (s b) population. In the response to ABA, they are the “ABA-time constant” (q ABA), the mean base ABA concentration (ABAb), and the standard deviation (s ABAb) of the seed population. Using only these three parameters, germination time courses can be predicted at any corresponding medium y or ABA concentration. In the presence of both ABA and osmotic stress, the same parameters can be used to predict seed germination time courses with any combination of y and ABA concentration. The water relations model and the ABA model were additive and it appeared that the two factors slowed down germination independently. Effects of osmotic stress and ABA on the parameters in Lockhart equation are also discussed.

scholarly journals Identification of the tolerant capacity to aquatic environment factors (temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen) of Asian bumblebee catfish (Pseudomystus siamensis Regan, 1913)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Binh T. T. Vo
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Ornamental Species ◽  
Scientific Base

Asian bumblebee catfish (Pseudomystus siamensis) belongs to Bagridae family and is an economic value ornamental species. However, biological characteristics of this fish species have been rarely reported in the literature. A study to identify tolerant capacity to aquatic environment factors (incipient lethal temperature (ILT) and incipient lethal pH (ILpH) and oxygen threshold) of Asian bumblebee catfish at three developmental stages namely embryo, hatchling and ten-day post hatching (dph) was carried out from July 2018 to January 2019 at the Experimental Farm for Aquaculture of Fisheries Faculty - Nong Lam University in HCM City. The results showed that the incipient upper and lower lethal temperatures (IULT and ILLT) were 32.5oC and 22.3oC for embryos, 36.7oC and 18.7oC for hatchlings, and 38.6oC and 15.9oC for 10 dph fish, respectively. The incipient upper and lower lethal pHs (IULpH and ILLpH) were 10.7 and 4.4 for embryos, 10.2 and 3.7 for hatchlings, and 10.2 and 3.8 for 10 dph fish, respectively. The oxygen thresholds of the catfish at the three stages were 4.7, 1.1 and 1.0 mg O2/L, respectively. The Asian bumblebee catfish at post hatching stages appears to tolerate to unfavorable environmental factors compared to embryonic one. The study results would be an important scientific base for researches on seed production and conservation of the fish in the future.

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