Genetics of Multiple Malate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Skeletal Muscle of Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Clayton ◽  
D. N. Tretiak ◽  
A. H. Kooyman
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Breeding Experiment ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase Isozymes ◽  
Nad Oxidoreductase ◽  
The Individual

Electrophoresis of extracts of white skeletal muscle revealed a total of six phenotypes of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) (L-malate; NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37) isozymes in walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum). The individual MDH phenotypes consisted of four or more MDH isozymes.The heritability of all six phenotypes was tested in a breeding experiment. The results of the breeding experiment provided evidence for the existence of three nondominant alleles at one MDH locus. Subcellular fractionations indicated that these three alleles code for a supernatant (extramitochondrial) form of MDH. The frequencies of these alleles varied in fish from four locations in western Canada.

Sex ratios of young-of-the-year walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) collected from lakes and rearing ponds of western Canada and northern United States

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1772-1776
Author(s):  
C. L. Glenn ◽  
J. A. Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Pond Size ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stocking Rates

A total of 2682 young-of-the-year walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) were examined from 26 culture ponds and 5 large lakes to determine whether the sex ratio of cultured populations deviated from 1:1. Fingerlings from the lake populations were examined as a standard for comparison. Application of a χ2 test to pond data indicated that ponds, as a group, had significant deviations. Three of the ponds produced significantly more females and two of the ponds produced significantly more males. Neither the grouped nor the individual data from lakes produced sex ratios that deviated significantly from 1:1. Environmental factors such as pond size, depth, stocking rates, or time did not seem to influence sex determination.

Geographical Distribution of Alleles for Supernatant Malate Dehydrogenase in Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) Populations from Western Canada

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Clayton ◽  
R. E. K. Harris ◽  
D. N. Tretiak
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
Headwater Lakes ◽  
Starch Gel

Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) populations from western Canada contain three alleles for supernatant malate dehydrogenase (MDH). The protein subunits specified by these alleles produce isozymes that are readily distinguished by starch gel electrophoresis procedures. One of the MDH alleles (c1) appears to reach a maximum frequency of about 0.6 in the walleye populations of Crean and Montreal lakes, two headwater lakes in central Saskatchewan. The frequency of this allele declines to about 0.1 in populations only a relatively short distance downstream from these headwater lakes. In most walleye populations tested the c2 and c3 alleles predominate at frequencies between 0.2 and 0.7, whereas c1 is usually comparatively rare and occurs at a frequency of about 0.05.

scholarly journals Confounding Roles of ER Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2567
Author(s):  
Yann S. Gallot ◽  
Kyle R. Bohnert
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Protein Response

Skeletal muscle is an essential organ, responsible for many physiological functions such as breathing, locomotion, postural maintenance, thermoregulation, and metabolism. Interestingly, skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue, capable of adapting to anabolic and catabolic stimuli. Skeletal muscle contains a specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum, composed of an extensive network of tubules. In addition to the role of folding and trafficking proteins within the cell, this specialized organelle is responsible for the regulated release of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytoplasm to trigger a muscle contraction. Under various stimuli, such as exercise, hypoxia, imbalances in calcium levels, ER homeostasis is disturbed and the amount of misfolded and/or unfolded proteins accumulates in the ER. This accumulation of misfolded/unfolded protein causes ER stress and leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Interestingly, the role of the UPR in skeletal muscle has only just begun to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER stress and UPR markers are drastically induced in various catabolic stimuli including cachexia, denervation, nutrient deprivation, aging, and disease. Evidence indicates some of these molecules appear to be aiding the skeletal muscle in regaining homeostasis whereas others demonstrate the ability to drive the atrophy. Continued investigations into the individual molecules of this complex pathway are necessary to fully understand the mechanisms.

The KATP channel Kir6.2 subunit content is higher in glycolytic than oxidative skeletal muscle fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. R916-R925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Banas ◽  
Charlene Clow ◽  
Bernard J. Jasmin ◽  
Jean-Marc Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Damage ◽  
The Individual

It has long been suggested that in skeletal muscle, the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) channel is important in protecting energy levels and that abolishing its activity causes fiber damage and severely impairs function. The responses to a lack of KATP channel activity vary between muscles and fibers, with the severity of the impairment being the highest in the most glycolytic muscle fibers. Furthermore, glycolytic muscle fibers are also expected to face metabolic stress more often than oxidative ones. The objective of this study was to determine whether the t-tubular KATP channel content differs between muscles and fiber types. KATP channel content was estimated using a semiquantitative immunofluorescence approach by staining cross sections from soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles with anti-Kir6.2 antibody. Fiber types were determined using serial cross sections stained with specific antimyosin I, IIA, IIB, and IIX antibodies. Changes in Kir6.2 content were compared with changes in CaV1.1 content, as this Ca2+ channel is responsible for triggering Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. The Kir6.2 content was the lowest in the oxidative soleus and the highest in the glycolytic EDL and FDB. At the individual fiber level, the Kir6.2 content within a muscle was in the order of type IIB > IIX > IIA ≥ I. Interestingly, the Kir6.2 content for a given fiber type was significantly different between soleus, EDL, and FDB, and highest in FDB. Correlations of relative fluorescence intensities from the Kir6.2 and CaV1.1 antibodies were significant for all three muscles. However, the variability in content between the three muscles or individual fibers was much greater for Kir6.2 than for CaV1.1. It is suggested that the t-tubular KATP channel content increases as the glycolytic capacity increases and as the oxidative capacity decreases and that the expression of KATP channels may be linked to how often muscles/fibers face metabolic stress.

scholarly journals Walking the Path of My Ancestors: The Siksikastiapi (Blackfoot Confederacy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Prete
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Oblates Of Mary Immaculate ◽  
North Western

 This article articulates myself and my community’s journey navigating the Oblates of Mary Immaculate (OMI) records written historically about our People (the Bloods) in order to identify who our ancestors are. Through the examination of historical texts, records and materials written by the Oblate missionaries of North-Western Canada, we were able to discover the hidden lived experiences of our People. The purpose of this study was to provide new scholarly insights into the texts and records of the Oblates regarding the Blood People. This research took place at the Alberta Provincial Archives over a seven-month period. This article reviews who the Oblates of Mary Immaculate were, and what measures were used to uncover our ancestors in the Provincial Archives. Data analysis determined that the individual archival records fragmented Indigenous Peoples and their history; however, collectively these records blend together to tell a story.

Androgen cytosol binding during compensatory overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickson ◽  
T. T. Kurowski ◽  
T. M. Galassi ◽  
D. G. Daniels ◽  
R. J. Chatterton Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Binding Model ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Individual

This study was undertaken to evaluate whether the increased androgen cytosol binding is an early or later event in the sequence of skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by surgical overload. Following removal of the synergistic gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, plantaris muscle weights of overloaded hypophysectomized male rats were heavier than those in the controls by 29% at 2 days, 41% at 7 days, 38% at 14 days, and 47% at 35 days. Androgen cytosol receptor binding capacities (femtomoles per milligram protein), determined using a synthetic androgen, [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881), were higher than observed in muscles of controls at all points of muscle enlargement. At high concentrations of labeled ligand, Scatchard analyses became nonlinear and were resolved using a two-component binding model. Receptor capacity of the higher affinity "androgenic component" for methyltrienolone binding in plantaris muscles was lower at 2 days but 60–80% higher at 7, 14, and 35 days in the hypertrophied group than in the control group. The lower affinity "glucocorticoid component" was higher in the overloaded group at all points following surgery. Several glucocorticoids and estradiol-17β competed equally with androgens for methyltrienolone binding. However, when cytosol s were incubated with triamcinolone acetonide to block methyltrienolone binding to glucocorticoid receptors, the androgenic component was highly specific for androgens. These results show that total [3H]methyltrienolone cytosol concentrations increased in parallel with the muscle hypertrophy, yet the individual components of methyltrienolone binding attained greater concentrations in overloaded muscles by an apparently different sequence of events.

scholarly journals MALATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES OF THE CHICK EMBRYO

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES L. CONKLIN ◽  
EDWARD J. NEBEL
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase Isozymes ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase

Malate dehydrogenase fractions of the chick embryo were demonstrated after starch gel electrophoresis of homogenates of liver, brain and spleen. A total of seven malate dehydrogenase fractions were observed to occur in the chick embryo in an organ specific pattern. Treatment of the homogenates with urea, sodium chloride-sodium phosphate, and p-chloromercuribenzoate prior to electrophoresis revealed that only three distinct malate dehydrogenase-active proteins were presence. Two of these proteins exhibited properties similar to those previously reported for the supernatant malate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase of other species. Becuase of the differing properties of chick malate and lactate dehydrogenase it is concluded that the molecular basis for malate dehydrogenase isozymes is different from that reported for lactate dehydrogenase isozymes.

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